Download or read book The Statecraft of Anwar El Sadat and the October War written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the controversy over the utility and meaning of the concept of national interest, there is relatively little dispute that preserving the internal security of a country, its people, territory, and institutions is a basic and unchanging objective of nation states and their leaders, and one pursued with the highest intensity -- in Nuechterlein's terminology a "survival" or "vital" interest. Thus, the recapturing or restoration of Egyptian and Arab lands lost to Israel in the 1967 war was a fundamental national interest in Anwar El-Sadat's mind. However, given Israel's unquestioned military superiority in 1973, a critical assessment of Sadat's decision to begin the October 1973 war should focus on whether his national security strategy set goals that could be accomplished with the resources available to him (i.e., reflected a rational assessment of ends and means). Secondly, given the high costs associated with the use of coercive power, one must question whether Sadat's direct use of military force was necessary to achieve his goals. The answer to both questions appears to be "yes."
Download or read book Sadat s October War A Road to Peace written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through his foresighted statecraft, Anwar el-Sadat, President of Egypt, started the October War, a conflict Egypt could not "win" in the conventional sense, but which would rescue his nation from the untenable position it occupied in 1973. Egypt's situation at that time was characterized by the following: (1) a continuing hostility with Israel because Israel's past wartime successes both stiffened her resolve to insist on settlement terms that her neighbors could not accept, and robbed Egypt (and others) of the flexibility they needed to come to terms with the Israelis; (2) an ineffective and dependent relationship with the Soviet Union; and (3) potential unrest at home because of economic disequilibrium stemming from enormous military expenditures and loss of Suez canal revenues. To his great credit, Sadat, though he was operating from a position of extreme weakness, rectified these problems to the advantage not only of Egypt, but of her region and the rest of the world. The steps he took defied conventional logic. He deliberately cut himself off from the only superpower that would sell him arms, while he began a war he knew he could not win militarily. In doing so, he opened the door for the successful intervention of the United States, which he correctly identified as the only authority capable of balancing regional power by bringing both Egypt and Israel to the negotiating table. Sadat's success stemmed from his correct identification of the real issues at stake and his recognition of Egypt's real priorities.
Download or read book Sadat and His Statecraft written by Felipe Fernández-Armesto and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anwar Sadat and the 1973 October War written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arab-Israeli War of 1973, also known as the "October War" was the result of, and arguably a continuation of, a long-standing conflict between Arabs and Jews. Prior wars between the Arabs and Jews were fought in 1948, 1956, and more importantly, in 1967. The outcome of the "Six-Day War" of 1967 created an overwhelming feeling of hostility toward Israel by the Arab nations, particularly by the people of Egypt, who felt humiliated and dishonored. Honor is an important part of the Egyptian culture, lying at the core of their self-identity, thereby reflecting and influencing vociferous public opinion and national passion. The influence of Egyptian nationalism was made evident in a 1972 speech when President Sadat told the Egyptians that "a battle of destiny" would be waged against Israel to reclaim the land lost by Egypt to Israel in 1967. This essay will study how Egyptian nationalism affected the elements of statecraft, and how it weighed on the final decision to use military force against Israel. President Sadat possessed a keen awareness of the interplay of the government, the people and the military power-its volatility and synergy. Unfortunately, the world underestimated the salience of Egypt's cultural belief in preservation of honor. This brief analysis of both Egyptian domestic conditions and international relationships preceding the 1973 war exemplifies the significant role culture contributes to and influences statecraft and the relations of nations.
Download or read book The Public Diary of President Sadat written by Anwar El Sadat and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1978-01-01 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bet nkning afgivet af den af Landbrugsmnisteriet nedsatte Kommission angaaende Omordning af Landbrugsundervisningen ved Den Kgl Veterin r og Landboh jskole written by and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book President Anwar El Sadat on the October War written by Egypt. President (1971-1981 : Sadat) and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Speeches and Interviews by President Anwar El Sadat written by Anwar Sadat and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anwar El Sadat A Statesman for Peace written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was peasant roots, perhaps, and an early kinship to the land and its lure of autonomy, that crystallized Anwar el Sadat's vision of an independent Egypt, existing peacefully alongside her Arab and Israeli neighbors. Sadat firmly held this vision of a sovereign Egypt as he planned, step-by-step, to break the diplomatic logjam in the contentious Arab-Israeli relationship. It was this vision that gave birth to the fortitude, courage, and hope of a generation of men and women, who to this day continue to seek peace for the Middle East. This paper is an attempt to present the Egyptian President's strategy, or road map, used to realize his goals. It will highlight Sadat's analysis of the domestic and international environments, and demonstrate how he handled the many constraints, threats, and opportunities he saw before him. The paper will consider Sadat's priorities and objectives, and illustrate his supreme mastery of policy instruments. In all, it will show how he used available means to achieve his most vital end. The paper will show the splendid statecraft of Anwar el Sadat, one which continues to serve the Middle East well, long after his death. To begin, Sadat saw Egypt's national interest to be its liberation from foreign imperialism and devastating economic woes. To achieve this, Egypt would have to forge a lasting peace with Israel, re-gain control of the Suez Canal, extract itself from Soviet influence, and revamp its economic policies to attract the West. The vast resources funneled to the military, and the singular Egyptian focus on Israel as the enemy, could then be turned toward productive economic endeavors. Ultimately, Egypt would secure its rightful place in a unified Arab world, with Anwar el Sadat as its unchallenged leader.
Download or read book Waging War for Peace Anwar Sadat s October 1973 Offensive written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat's decision to go to war against Israel in 1973 was based on a coherent, consistent, and well-crafted strategy that effectively employed limited war to achieve clearly defined political goals. Sadat's strategy took into account the threats and risks that he faced, along with the opportunities that could be exploited within the international and domestic context. Before embarking on war, Sadat exhausted virtually every available instrument of statecraft in his effort to create a new political-military dynamic that would facilitate negotiations with Israel and thus regain the territory that Egypt lost in the 1967 Six-Day War. In retrospect, some analysts might criticize Sadat for pursuing a risky military strategy to achieve his political goals. However, it seems clear that the other instruments of statecraft, including his skillful use of diplomacy, were insufficient without the application of credible military force. For his part, Sadat firmly believed that only shock therapy, applied through the trauma of war, would shake Israeli leaders from their confidence that continued control of the occupied territories was their best guarantee of security. In addition to Israeli intransigence (and superpower indifference), growing domestic unrest in Egypt made the option of war even more compelling for Sadat, especially in light of internal challenges to his legitimacy. Once he had decided on the use of force, Sadat's strategic dilemma centered on balancing means and ends. He was able to maximize his limited means by bringing to bear other instruments of statecraft to buttress his military strategy.
Download or read book Anwar Sadat and the 1973 Yom Kippur War Force Sadat s Ultimate Instrument of Statecraft written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anwar Sadat's effective use of force among the available instruments of statecraft led to the successful accomplishment of his political objectives in the 1973 Yom Kippur War. While he pursued a peaceful return of Arab occupied territory after the war, he concurrently prepared for the battle of Egypt's destiny. Although struggles in the region continue, Sadat still represents the heart of the Muslim people's call for peace and justice in the Middle East. This thesis will examine Sadat's national security and military strategies, and his effective use of the instruments of statecraft that led to his decision to use force in the Yom Kippur War.
Download or read book Anwar El Sadat and the October War written by Daniel C. Inghram and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Statecraft and Security written by Ken Booth and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-09-13 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book a group of influential and distinguished scholars analyse some of the key questions in contemporary international relations. The book is in three parts. In the first, the lessons and legacies of Cold War are examined, including debates about its rise and fall, and the implications of the superpower nuclear confrontation. Part II asks questions about powers and politics in the post-Cold War world: the USA's potential as a world leader, Russia's troubled future, Japan's potential power, the China syndrome, and Africa's problems. The final part looks further into the future, discussing international organisation, life politics, and the potentialities for human society under the conditions of globalisation. The book shows how different countries and different groups of countries are confronting urgent issues of statecraft in a period of radical global transformation.
Download or read book A World Ignited written by Martin Tolchin and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2007-10-30 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: War. Torture. Humiliation. Exploitation. Fear. Futility. The daily news is bleak. And it's not reserved to just one corner of the globe. World wide we are bombarded with graphic, emotionally-laden examples of inhumanity. These challenges to peace and freedom have become so commonplace that public and government responses are sedate or self-righteous. Meanwhile in more malevolent countries, manipulative politicians and sadistic terrorists have become skilled at exploiting this state of affairs. And we ignore it at our own peril. A World Ignited is about the surge of hatred that has swept the world in the last decade, its myriad causes, its toll in lives and human misery. This condition is amplified by modern communications technology, especially television and the Internet, and made more lethal by modern weaponry, including assault rifles and rocket launchers, and unprecedented tactics that strive for mass death and anguish. Anger is fed by economic disparities, religious and cultural wars that go back centuries, and deep-seated feelings of defeat and humiliation. The book takes aim at the Bush administration for its penchant for provocative and unilateral policies that have inspired unprecedented waves of anti-Americanism, but it also breaks new ground on both Bush's unsung role in combating worldwide anti-Semitism, and the role of the United States as the fount of hate on the Internet. The authors conclude this important and timely book in a positive manner with a look at the politics of hope and what can be done to halt, and even reverse, this cacophony of hate.
Download or read book Religion the Missing Dimension of Statecraft written by Douglas Johnston and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1995 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of wide ranging case studies and theoretical pieces shows how religious or spiritual factors can play a helpful role in international relations. Written by a distinguished roster of scholars, this volume includes a foreword by Jimmy Carter and six maps.
Download or read book A Lost Peace written by Galen Jackson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-15 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In A Lost Peace, Galen Jackson rewrites an important chapter in the history of the middle period of the Cold War, changing how we think about the Arab-Israeli conflict. During the June 1967 Middle East war, Israeli forces seized the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip from Egypt, the Golan Heights from Syria, and the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan. This conflict was followed, in October 1973, by a joint Egyptian-Syrian attack on Israel, which threatened to drag the United States and the Soviet Union into a confrontation even though the superpowers had seemingly embraced the idea of détente. This conflict contributed significantly to the ensuing deterioration of US-Soviet relations. The standard explanation for why détente failed is that the Soviet Union, driven mainly by its Communist ideology, pursued a highly aggressive foreign policy during the 1970s. In the Middle East specifically, the conventional wisdom is that the Soviets played a destabilizing role by encouraging the Arabs in their conflict with Israel in an effort to undermine the US position in the region for Cold War gain. Jackson challenges standard accounts of this period, demonstrating that the United States sought to exploit the Soviet Union in the Middle East, despite repeated entreaties from USSR leaders that the superpowers cooperate to reach a comprehensive Arab-Israeli settlement. By leveraging the remarkable evidence now available to scholars, Jackson reveals that the United States and the Soviet Union may have missed an opportunity for Middle East peace during the 1970s.
Download or read book The Modern Middle East Third Edition written by Mehran Kamrava and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2013-10-05 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the fall of the Ottoman Empire through the Arab Spring, this title offers a classic treatise on the making of the contemporary Middle East remains essential reading for students and general readers who want to gain a better understanding of this diverse region.
