Download or read book The Socio economic Impacts of Adopting Tighter Motor Vehicle Emission Standards and Fuel Requirements written by Canada. Industry Canada and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Social and Economic Costs and Benefits of Compliance with the Auto Emission Standards Established by the Clean Air Amendments of 1970 written by National Research Council (U.S.). Environmental Studies Board and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1973 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Divergence and Convergence of Automobile Fuel Economy Regulations written by Masahiko Iguchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-08 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reveals the mechanisms underlying the convergence of car fuel economy regulations in Europe, Japan and the US by drawing upon a constructivist theory of International Relations and law that focuses on business competition and environmental regulations. It offers new understanding of the topic of cars and an issue of climate change, discussing the emerging phenomenon of convergence of fuel economy regulations; addressing the role of business actors in pushing for climate change action; proposing the new model of agency with and beyond states; and providing insightful case studies from Europe, Japan and the US. The opening chapter reviews the automobile industry and global climate change, providing a background for the discussion to follow. Chapter 2, Business Actors and Global Environmental Governance, grounds the discussion in the field of environmental governance. The third chapter is a case study examining the construction and timing of the European Union's climate policies for automobile CO2 emissions, discussing the underlying factors and the actors influencing the policies. The following chapter argues that Japan adopted its stringent fuel economy regulations primarily because of industry competitiveness, motivated by stringent environmental regulations in export markets and encouraged by a tradition of ‘co-regulation’ and ‘corporatism’ to enhance the regulations. Chapter 5 asks why the US, the first country to introduce fuel economy regulations, spent two decades in regulatory stagnation, and discusses how recent US fuel economy regulations came to converge with Japanese and European standards. Chapter 6 compares, contrasts and analyzes fuel economy regulations among the three case studies and identifies policy implications for the future climate governance for 2015 and beyond. The final chapter explores applicability of the ‘agency with and beyond the state’ model to other sectors and to climate governance as a whole.

Download or read book Impact of Automotive Fuel Economy Standards on Competition in the Automotive Industry Summary report written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Benefits and Impacts of Multi level Emission Standards on the Fuel Economy Characteristics of Small and Large Cars written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brief review of the small car vs large car fuel economy and emission scenario was conducted to determine whether it is meaningful to implement multi-level emission regulations (different values for small and large cars) to encourage or forces the use of catalytic converters on smaller cars, and by so doing improve the overall fuel economy of the total fleet while at the same time reduce overall emissions. The results of this review showed that: the 1975 to 1976 federal HC standard (1.5 gr/mi) is sufficiently low to effectively force the use of catalysts on larger cars (4000-lb inertia test weight and above) to avoid fuel economy losses, but not sufficiently low to require them on all smaller cars (3500-lb class and below). However, the 1975 to 1976 California HC standard (0.9 gr/mi) is sufficiently low to do so, as evidenced by the fact that essentially all California cars do use catalysts; whether or not small or large cars are equipped with oxidation catalysts, NOx standards below the current federal level (3.1 gr/mi) and California level (2 gr/mi) will act to reduce vehicle fuel economy, although small cars are slightly less sensitive in this respect; to meet the projected federal and California HC standard of 0.41 gr/mi, both small and large cars will be forced to use catalysts, since this is the only available emission control technique for the conventional spark ignition engine; and to ensure the fuel economy and emission benefits of catalysts, ERDA need only support the implementation of the proposed HC standard of 0.41 gr/mi. Making the federal standard the same as the California one would also produce this result.

Download or read book Cost Effectiveness and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.

Download or read book Driving America written by James D. Johnston and published by A E I Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions the science and reasoning behind governmental regulations limiting motorists' personal mobility. The book examines the Kyoto summit, treaty proposals, new clean air standards, the deterioration of the US road system, safety, and the uncertainty about the roles of various climatic factors.

Download or read book Effectiveness and Impact of Corporate Average Fuel Economy CAFE Standards written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-01-29 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since CAFE standards were established 25 years ago, there have been significant changes in motor vehicle technology, globalization of the industry, the mix and characteristics of vehicle sales, production capacity, and other factors. This volume evaluates the implications of these changes as well as changes anticipated in the next few years, on the need for CAFE, as well as the stringency and/or structure of the CAFE program in future years.

Download or read book Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicles Phase Two written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. On September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade.

Download or read book Running on Empty written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs, Stimulus Oversight, and Government Spending and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium and Heavy duty Engines and Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.

Download or read book Policy Conflict energy Environmental and Materials Automotive Fuel economy Standards Implications for Materials Report to the Congress written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Policy Conflict energy Environmental and Materials written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Automotive Fuel Economy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents realistic estimates for the level of fuel economy that is achievable in the next decade for cars and light trucks made in the United States and Canada. A source of objective and comprehensive information on the topic, this book takes into account real-world factors such as the financial conditions in the automotive industry, costs and benefits to consumers, and marketability of high-efficiency vehicles. The committee is composed of experts from the fields of science, technology, finance, and regulation and offers practical evaluations of technological improvements that could contribute to increased fuel efficiency. The volume also examines potential barriers to improvement, such as high production costs, regulations on safety and emissions, and consumer preferences. This practical book is of considerable interest to car and light truck manufacturers, policymakers, federal and state agencies, and the public.

Download or read book Progress in the Implementation of Motor Vehicle Emission Standards Through June 1975 written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Final Rulemaking to Establish Light duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards and Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: