Download or read book The Social Structure and Behaviour of Western Lowland Gorillas Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla at Mbeli Bai Republic of Congo written by Richard J. Parnell and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gorilla Behavior written by Terry L. Maple and published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. This book was released on 1982 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological Influences on the Ranging and Grouping Behavior of Western Lowland Gorillas at Bai Hok u Central African Republic written by Michele Lynn Goldsmith and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Mentalities of Gorillas and Orangutans written by Sue Taylor Parker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-08-26 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on the mental abilities of chimpanzees and bonobos has been widely celebrated and used in reconstructions of human evolution. In contrast, less attention has been paid to the abilities of gorillas and orangutans. This 1999 volume aims to help complete the picture of hominoid cognition by bringing together the work on gorillas and orangutans and setting it in comparative perspective. The introductory chapters set the evolutionary context for comparing cognition in gorillas and orangutans to that of chimpanzees, bonobos and humans. The remaining chapters focus primarily on the kinds and levels of intelligence displayed by orangutans and gorillas compared to other great apes, including performances in the classic domains of tool use and tool making, imitation, self-awareness, social communication and symbol use. All those wanting more information on the mental abilities of these sometimes neglected, but important primates will find this book a treasure trove.
Download or read book A Physiological Evaluation of Social Bonding in Western Lowland Gorillas Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla written by Charles Austin Leeds and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strength of one's social bonds has direct links to fitness, health and welfare. Evaluations of social bond strength are relatively straightforward for gregarious species through direction observation of affiliative behavior, but can prove difficult for less gregarious species. The western lowland gorilla (WLG: Gorilla gorilla gorilla) is one such social species that engages in low rates of affiliative behavior. Assessing variation in the neuroendocrine hormone oxytocin (OXT), which is the physiological driver of social bonds, in relation to social demographic variables may prove useful to better understand how gorilla form bonds and how these bonds vary in the zoo environment. The overall objective of this dissertation was to evaluate variation in WLG salivary and urinary OXT. Biological samples were collected from 143 gorillas living at 25 zoos. Using both experimental and exploratory methodology, this dissertation successfully validated the measurement of OXT in unextracted WLG saliva and urine. Specifically, significant changes in both salivary and urinary OXT were detected following an intranasal challenge and spontaneous social events. This methodology was then used to assess variation in OXT following interactions with animal care staff (ACS) and in baseline samples. Following positive reinforcement training with ACS, salivary OXT concentrations did not change, but OXT did increase following play with ACS. This indicates that relationships between WLG and ACS in zoos, at least in certain contexts, are viewed as positive and affiliative by WLG. In a large-scale evaluation of OXT, multiple demographic and husbandry factors were associated with variation in OXT. Notably, OXT was greater in males living in bachelor groups compared to mixed-sex groups, providing evidence that male WLG form comparatively stronger bonds with other males than with females. This is supported by field studies of WLG that demonstrate males form dispersed, affiliative social networks with related males. Greater OXT concentrations were also associated with lactation in female WLG. This finding was expected based on the natural functioning of OXT and further validated our measurement of OXT in unextracted urine. Lastly, ACS perceptions of bonding were assessed in relation to OXT. Interestingly, ACS ratings of social bonding did not differ between mixed-sex and bachelor groups, indicating ACS perceive both group types to provide meaningful social environments for WLG. ACS also identified peripheral group members within their respective WLG groups. Peripheral status was negatively associated with OXT concentrations, indicating more socially distant group members maintained comparatively weaker social bonds than more integrated group members. Overall, these findings have improved our understanding of how WLG form social bonds and how social bonds vary in relation to husbandry and management practices. Of specific importance, this study further demonstrates the significant social value of bachelor groups for male WLG.
Download or read book Primate Life Histories and Socioecology written by Peter M. Kappeler and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2003-02 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We know a great deal about roles the environment plays in shaping survival, reproductive success, and even social systems among primates. But how do primate life histories affect social systems and vice versa? Do baboons' patterns of growth, for example, help to structure their societies? Does fission-fusion sociality interact with predator pressure to influence the timing of maturation in chimpanzees? Exploring these issues and many others, the contributors to Primate Life Histories and Socioecology provide the first systematic attempt to understand relationships among primate life histories, ecology, and social behavior conjointly. Topics covered include how primate life histories interact with rates of evolution, predator pressure, and diverse social structures; how the slow maturation of primates affects the behavior of both young and adult caregivers; and reciprocal relationships between large brains and increased social and behavioral complexity. The first collection of its kind, this book will interest a wide range of researchers, from anthropologists and evolutionary biologists to psychologists and ecologists. Contributors: Paul-Michael Agapow, Susan C. Alberts, Jeanne Altmann, Robert A. Barton, Nicholas G. Blurton Jones, Robert O. Deaner, Robin I. M. Dunbar, Jörg U. Ganzhorn, Laurie R. Godfrey, Kristen Hawkes, Nick J. B. Isaac, Charles H. Janson, Kate E. Jones, William L. Jungers, Peter M. Kappeler, Susanne Klaus, Phyllis C. Lee, Steven R. Leigh, Robert D. Martin, James F. O'Connell, Sylvia Ortmann, Michael E. Pereira, Andy Purvis, Caroline Ross, Karen E. Samonds, Jutta Schmid, Stephen C. Stearns, Michael R. Sutherland, Carel P. van Schaik, and Andrea J. Webster.
Download or read book Gorilla Biology written by Andrea B. Taylor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-12-05 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gorillas are one of our closest living relatives, are the largest living primate, yet are perhaps the most misunderstood great ape. Teetering on the brink of extinction, they are also of increasing conservation concern. Gorilla Biology is the first comparative perspective on gorilla populations throughout their range.
Download or read book Assessment of Behavior and Social Dynamics in a Newly forming Group of Captive Western Lowland Gorillas Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla written by Sarah Murphey Huskisson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This study presents behavioral data of a recently-formed western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) group at Riverbanks Zoo and Garden in Columbia, South Carolina, from the initial stages of group formation through the first several months after introduction. The group consists of a male (19 years), two half-sisters (both 10 years), and an unrelated female (20 years). A total of 99.25 observation hours were collected. It was predicted that the frequency of affiliative behaviors would increase over time, with more affiliative interaction between related females. Also, it was hypothesized that agonism would decrease over time. It was also predicted that a dominance hierarchy would result among the females, with the unrelated female being the lowest-ranking due to the already strong bonds shared by the half-sisters. The results of this study show that the group-wide and intrasex relationships mirror those seen in wild populations and other captive groups, particularly in regard to the lack of social dominance. It appears that the members of newly-formed group adjusted well and will thrive in their new surroundings. Furthermore, these findings may help animal caretakers more effectively manage family groups and continue to ensure a high quality of life for captive gorillas"--Abstract, leaf iii.
Download or read book Best Practice Guidelines for Great Ape Tourism written by Elizabeth J. Macfie and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2010 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executive summary: Tourism is often proposed 1) as a strategy to fund conservation efforts to protect great apes and their habitats, 2) as a way for local communities to participate in, and benefit from, conservation activities on behalf of great apes, or 3) as a business. A few very successful sites point to the considerable potential of conservation-based great ape tourism, but it will not be possible to replicate this success everywhere. The number of significant risks to great apes that can arise from tourism reqire a cautious approach. If great ape tourism is not based on sound conservation principles right from the start, the odds are that economic objectives will take precedence, the consequences of which in all likelihood would be damaging to the well-being and eventual survival of the apes, and detrimental to the continued preservation of their habitat. All great ape species and subspecies are classified as Endangered or Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2010), therefore it is imperative that great ape tourism adhere to the best practice guidelines in this document. The guiding principles of best practice in great ape tourism are: Tourism is not a panacea for great ape conservation or revenue generation; Tourism can enhance long-term support for the conservation of great apes and their habitat; Conservation comes first--it must be the primary goal at any great ape site and tourism can be a tool to help fund it; Great ape tourism should only be developed if the anticipated conservation benefits, as identified in impact studies, significantly outweigh the risks; Enhanced conservation investment and action at great ape tourism sites must be sustained in perpetuity; Great ape tourism management must be based on sound and objective science; Benefits and profit for communities adjacent to great ape habitat should be maximised; Profit to private sector partners and others who earn income associated with tourism is also important, but should not be the driving force for great ape tourism development or expansion; Comprehensive understanding of potential impacts must guide tourism development. positive impacts from tourism must be maximised and negative impacts must be avoided or, if inevitable, better understood and mitigated. The ultimate success or failure of great ape tourism can lie in variables that may not be obvious to policymakers who base their decisions primarily on earning revenue for struggling conservation programmes. However, a number of biological, geographical, economic and global factors can affect a site so as to render ape tourism ill-advised or unsustainable. This can be due, for example, to the failure of the tourism market for a particular site to provide revenue sufficient to cover the development and operating costs, or it can result from failure to protect the target great apes from the large number of significant negative aspects inherent in tourism. Either of these failures will have serious consequences for the great ape population. Once apes are habituated to human observers, they are at increased risk from poaching and other forms of conflict with humans. They must be protected in perpetuity even if tourism fails or ceases for any reason. Great ape tourism should not be developed without conducting critical feasibility analyses to ensure there is sufficient potential for success. Strict attention must be paid to the design of the enterprise, its implementation and continual management capacity in a manner that avoids, or at least minimises, the negative impacts of tourism on local communities and on the apes themselves. Monitoring programmes to track costs and impacts, as well as benefits, [is] essential to inform management on how to optimise tourism for conservation benefits. These guidelines have been developed for both existing and potential great ape tourism sites that wish to improve the degree to which their programme constributes to the conservation rather than the exploitation of great apes.
Download or read book Feeding Ecology and Positional Behavior of Western Lowland Gorillas Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla in the Central African Republic written by Melissa Jane Remis and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mammals of Africa Volume II written by Jonathan Kingdon and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mammals of Africa (MoA) is a series of six volumes which describes, in detail, every currently recognized species of African land mammal. This is the first time that such extensive coverage has ever been attempted, and the volumes incorporate the very latest information and detailed discussion of the morphology, distribution, biology and evolution (including reference to fossil and molecular data) of Africa's mammals. With more than 1,160 species and 16-18 orders, Africa has the greatest diversity and abundance of mammals in the world. The reasons for this and the mechanisms behind their evolution are given special attention in the series. Each volume follows the same format, with detailed profiles of every species and higher taxa. The series includes hundreds of colour illustrations and pencil drawings by Jonathan Kingdon highlighting the morphology and behaviour of the species concerned, as well as line drawings of skulls and jaws by Jonathan Kingdon and Meredith Happold. Every species also includes a detailed distribution map. Edited by Jonathan Kingdon, David Happold, Tom Butynski, Mike Hoffmann, Meredith Happold and Jan Kalina, and written by more than 350 authors, all experts in their fields, Mammals of Africa is as comprehensive a compendium of current knowledge as is possible. Extensive references alert readers to more detailed information. Volume II is edited by Thomas Butynski, Jonathan Kingdon and Jan Kalina and contains profiles of 93 species of primates; this includes the great apes, Old World monkeys, lorisids and galagos.
Download or read book Great Ape Societies written by William C. McGrew and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-07-28 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans) are our closest living relatives, sharing a common ancestor only five million years ago. We also share key features such as high intelligence, omnivorous diets, prolonged child-rearing and rich social lives. The great apes show a surprising diversity of adaptations, particularly in social life, ranging from the solitary life of orangutans, through patriarchy in gorillas to complex but different social organisations in bonobos and chimpanzees. As great apes are so close to humans, comparisons yield essential knowledge for modelling human evolutionary origins. Great Ape Societies provides comprehensive up-to-date syntheses of work on all four species, drawing on decades of international field work, zoo and laboratory studies. It will be essential reading for students and researchers in primatology, anthropology, psychology and human evolution.
Download or read book Interunit Environmental and Interspecific Influences on Silverback group Dynamics in Western Lowland Gorillas Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla written by Michelle Klailova and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While a major benefit of female-male associations in gorillas is protection from infanticidal males, a silverback is also responsible for providing overall group stability and protection from predation and other environmental or interspecific risks and disturbances. A silverback?s reproductive success will be a function of his group?s survival, his females? reproductive rates and the survival of his progeny. Here, I evaluate the western lowland silverback?s role as the protective leader of his group and provide the first detailed behavioural study of silverback-group dynamics for western lowland gorillas from a holistic perspective; in both forested and bai environments, from nest-to-nest. Behavioural data were collected from one single-male habituated western lowland gorilla group, over 12-months starting January 2007 at the Bai Hokou Primate Habituation Camp, Central African Republic. Data collection - instantaneous scans, continuous written records of all auditory signals, nesting data, and ad libitum notes on interunit interactions - focused on the silverback and those individuals in his immediate proximity. Analyses were conducted over 258 morning or afternoon sessions, on 3,252 silverback behaviour scans (plus 1,053 additional smell scans), 22,343 auditory signals and 166 nest sites. Evidence from neighbours to the silverback, group spread, progression, ranging, nesting, human directed aggression and silverback chemosignalling analyses suggest that silverback-group dynamics have developed complex, strategic spatial and social strategies to cope with perceived risk in rainforest environments, which respond to differing habitats, and differing intensities of interunit interactions and interspecific disturbance. I also show that the release of pungent extreme and high level silverback odours may function as both acute and chronic indicators of arousal designed to intimidate extragroup rival males and attract adult females by expressing dominance, strength, and health. Higher level silverback odours may also provide cues for group members to increase vigilance in risky situations, whereas low level smells may function as a baseline identification marker and provide both self and intragroup reassurance. Western lowland silverback-group relationships appear to be centred on providing a strong protective? rather than socially interactive - and stabilizing role to ensure group cohesion and safety, which ultimately increases the likelihood of male reproductive success.
Download or read book The Natural History of Primates written by Robert W. Sussman and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-10-20 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interest in primates, from lemurs to gorillas, has never been greater. Primatologists are continually finding evidence in the behavior and ecology of our closest genetic relatives that sheds light on human origins. So, just who are these 520+ species of complex and intelligent mammals inhabiting the Neotropics, Africa, Madagascar, and Asia? The Natural History of Primates provides the most current information on wild primates from experts who have studied them in their natural environments. This volume provides up-to-date facts and figures on how groups of social primates interact with each other and the plants and other animal species in their ecosystems: what they eat, which predators might eat them, how males and females seek mates, how infants are raised, and myriad other fascinating details about their visual and vocal communication, their ability to craft and use tools, and the varieties of locomotion they employ. As human populations continue to expand into the rainforests, savannas, and woodlands where nonhuman primates dwell, the preservation of these species becomes ever more important. The Natural History of Primates is unique in its emphasis on the conservation status of primate species and its ample discussions of how humans and nonhuman primates can coexist in the twenty-first century.
Download or read book Behavioural Development in Wild Western Lowland Gorillas Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla written by Angela Anderson Nowell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Post conflict Behavior in Captive Western Lowland Gorillas Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla written by Suma Mallavarapu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Post-conflict behaviors, including reconciliation, redirected aggression, and consolation, have been observed in several primate and non-primate species. These behaviors are thought to help re-establish rates of affiliation and tolerance to baseline levels, by terminating the victims stress response, and reducing the social tension created by conflict. Post-conflict behavior was examined in two groups (N = 13) of captive western lowland gorillas, a species for which no previous conflict resolution data exist. The post-conflict/matched-control method was used to observe the groups at Zoo Atlanta. Analyses of 223 conflicts (using chi-square, Wilcoxon signed ranks, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests) showed significantly more affiliation between former opponents after a conflict when compared to control periods, indicating reconciliation. Results also showed significantly more affiliation between the victim and a third-party after a conflict, indicating consolation. Both solicited and unsolicited consolation were observed. Instances of redirected aggression were very few, and thus not included in the analyses. The majority of the affiliative interactions were social proximity, which suggests that unlike most nonhuman primates, proximity, rather than physical contact, may be the main mechanism for resolving conflicts in western lowland gorillas. Post-conflict behavior was not uniform throughout the groups, but rather varied according to dyad type (for instance, adult-adult, juvenile-juvenile, adult-juvenile, etc.). Effects of kinship and the intensity of aggression during a conflict on post-conflict behavioral patterns were analyzed.
Download or read book Social Preferences Between Captive Western Lowland Gorillas Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla written by Mary Johnston Knappenberger and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
