Download or read book The smallest Polish minority The Karaims written by Philipp Schär and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-01-31 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Sociology - Religion, grade: 5 (Erasmus), which is escellent, University of Wroclaw, course: Languages and Nations in East-Central Europe in the 21st Century, language: English, abstract: If one concerns oneself in Polish and Eastern European minorities and if one looks at the numbers of different minority groups, one group at the end of the list catches ones eye: The Karaim, or Karaites. This minority group exists, depending on the source, of only 40-50 people. The name differs, in some sources they are called Karaim, in others Karaites. In the following chapters I will call them Karaim, as I found out during my research, that they call themselves Karaim or in Eastern Europe also Qaray. Moreover, Karaim is also closer to its origin, but more about this in one of the following chapters. Polands Karaims had since centuries disliked to be called Karaites, as it meant "black dog”. Very special is the Karaim's religion, Judaism as they are ethnically turks Poland is a ethnically most homogenious state, which was not always so in Poland’ s history. Poles are with 99,3 % the Majority. The different Minorities in Poland are, according to the 2002 census: Among ethnic groups Silesians and Germans are the largest minorities, 172.6 thousand of Polish citizens declare Silesian national identity and 147.1 thousand, German. The third and the fourth linguistic minorities are, respectively, Belorussians, 47.6 thousand, and Ukrainians, 27.2 thousand. The Gypsies appear in fifth position with 12.7 thousand. They are followed by the historical minorities which number from 5 to 10 thousand people: Ruthenians/Lemkos- 5.8 thousand, Lithuanians – 5.6 thousand, and Kashbus – 5.1 thousand. Next there are minor communities like Russians – 3.2 thousand, Slovaks (1.7 thousand), Jews (1.1 thousand), Tartars (0.5 thousand), Czechs (0.4 thousand), Armenians (0.3 thousand) and in last place the Karaim with only 50. At this point I must add, that other sources mention other numbers. Some only 40, others 150. Karaim Judaism is a Jewish denomination characterized by reliance on the Tanakh as the sole scripture, and rejection of the Oral Law (the Mishnah and the Talmud) as halakha (Legally Binding, i.e. required religious practice). The word Karaim comes from the Hebrew word קְרָאִים (Qəraim), meaning "Readers (of Scripture)". This name was chosen by the adherents of Karaim Judaism to distinguish themselves from the adherents of Rabbinic Judaism.
Download or read book The Smallest Polish Minority The Karaims written by Philipp Schär and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-11 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Sociology - Religion, grade: 5 (Erasmus), which is escellent, University of Wroclaw, course: Languages and Nations in East-Central Europe in the 21st Century, language: English, abstract: If one concerns oneself in Polish and Eastern European minorities and if one looks at the numbers of different minority groups, one group at the end of the list catches ones eye: The Karaim, or Karaites. This minority group exists, depending on the source, of only 40-50 people. The name differs, in some sources they are called Karaim, in others Karaites. In the following chapters I will call them Karaim, as I found out during my research, that they call themselves Karaim or in Eastern Europe also Qaray. Moreover, Karaim is also closer to its origin, but more about this in one of the following chapters. Polands Karaims had since centuries disliked to be called Karaites, as it meant "black dog". Very special is the Karaim's religion, Judaism as they are ethnically turks Poland is a ethnically most homogenious state, which was not always so in Poland' s history. Poles are with 99,3 % the Majority. The different Minorities in Poland are, according to the 2002 census: Among ethnic groups Silesians and Germans are the largest minorities, 172.6 thousand of Polish citizens declare Silesian national identity and 147.1 thousand, German. The third and the fourth linguistic minorities are, respectively, Belorussians, 47.6 thousand, and Ukrainians, 27.2 thousand. The Gypsies appear in fifth position with 12.7 thousand. They are followed by the historical minorities which number from 5 to 10 thousand people: Ruthenians/Lemkos- 5.8 thousand, Lithuanians - 5.6 thousand, and Kashbus - 5.1 thousand. Next there are minor communities like Russians - 3.2 thousand, Slovaks (1.7 thousand), Jews (1.1 thousand), Tartars (0.5 thousand), Czechs (0.4 thousand), Armenians (0.3 thousand) and in last place the Karaim with only 50. At this point I must add, that oth
Download or read book Bibliographia Karaitica written by Barry Dov Walfish and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive bibliography on the Karaites and Karaism. Including over 8,000 items in twenty languages, this bibliography, with its extensive annotations, thoroughly documents the present state of Karaite Studies and provides a solid foundation for future research.
Download or read book The Karaites of Galicia written by Mikhail Kizilov and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on the history, ethnography, and convoluted ethnic identity of the Karaites, an ethnoreligious group in Eastern Galicia (modern Ukraine). The small community of the Karaite Jews, a non-Talmudic Turkic-speaking minority, who had been living in Eastern Europe since the late Middle Ages, developed a unique ethnographic culture and religious tradition. The book offers the first comprehensive study of the Galician Karaite community from its earliest days until today with the main emphasis placed on the period from 1772 until 1945. Especially important is the analysis of the twentieth-century dejudaization (or Turkicization) of the community, which saved the Karaites from the horrors of the Holocaust.
Download or read book Identity Strategies of Stateless Ethnic Minority Groups in Contemporary Poland written by Ewa Michna and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unique description of the identity strategies of stateless ethnic minorities in Poland. It describes and analyses the identity politics carried out by these groups, aimed at obtaining recognition of a separate status from the Polish state (a dominant group) in the symbolic and legal realms. On the one hand, comparative analysis of the activity undertaken by Lemkos, Polish Tatars, Roma, Kashubians, Karaims and Silesians will allow us to present the specifics of each of the communities, resulting from the special nature of their ethnicity. On the other hand, it will show some typical strategies for stateless groups in the field of identity and ethnicity. Critical factors here are processes such as building ethnic borders, dealing with a non-privileged position, striving to achieve recognition for the status quo of a particular identity or politicization of ethnicity. The subjects are mostly indigenous groups, and the lack of legitimacy of emancipation in their own nation-state can determine their status as an ‘in-between’ in the context of ethnic relations in Poland. In the analysis undertaken in the book of the activity of the ethnic groups there are three main contexts: intragroup, state policy and the global discourse of the rights of minorities. They determine the choice of identity strategy and adopted policy of identity. Not without significance is also the historical context, especially the political transformation in Poland after 1989, when Polish state policy towards ethnic minorities changed fundamentally - moving from the mono-national ideology of a socialist state to a pluralistic model of a democratic state. Gathering diverse examples in one volume will allow the reader to become familiar with the complex topic of ethnic relations in the world today, and especially in Central Europe, which is still in the process of change.
Download or read book The New European Frontiers written by Milan Bufon and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04-11 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a substantial and up-dated discussion and presentation of the new European “frontiers” related to complex and controversial social and spatial (re)integration issues in multicultural and border regions. It represents an inter-disciplinary endeavour from human geographers, social and political scientists, and linguists to understand and interpret the current developments of the European “unity in diversity” paradigm, based on simultaneous and continuous processes of social and spatial convergence and divergence, changing territorialities and identities, particularly in the wider EU’s “inner” and “outer” border regions. These studies convincingly display the prominence of context in understanding the regional and local geo-histories and in making sense of the meanings of borders for social communities and wider societies. They also show how (re)integration potentials of border and multicultural regions are strongly dependent on the creation of a viable multi-level social and spatial planning and cooperation system, within which both “conflict-to-harmony” processes and “common cause” behaviours and practices may become effective, and thus give a new role to local communities in the numerous borderlands across Europe. The book offers both a synthesis of current theoretical-methodological approaches and an analysis of selected case-studies provided by internationally-acknowledged scholars. It represents a valuable instrument for researchers and students of social and spatial integration, human and political geographers, social anthropologists, and social and political scientists, as well as language planners.
Download or read book The Many Faces of Multilingualism written by Piotr Romanowski and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multilingualism has become an increasingly common global phenomenon especially in the last two decades. Therefore, multilingual programmes have now been regarded as a cornerstone of education systems in many countries around the world. Learning multiple languages helps us plug into a globalised world and strengthen links with a multitude of speakers from a diversified reality we live in. Thanks to the researched cases described in the chapters, further developments aimed at fostering multilingual practices in the contemporary world will be enhanced. The chapters included in the present volume, provide an overview of current theory, research and practice in the field. They deal with such prominent research topics as multilingual education, language policies, language contact, identity of multilingual speakers, to name only a few. The selected chapters focus on the numerous and heterogeneous relations between languages. They also incorporate a series of contextualized studies with diverse research designs applied in different settings across the globe. This volume constitutes a pivotal reference source for the latest scholarly material on multilingualism from twelve different countries. It is a thought-provoking collection that provides a series of rich insights into the way multilingualism is practised in international contexts. It is ideally designed for academics, upper-level students, educators, professionals and practitioners seeking linguistic and pedagogical guidance on multilingualism.
Download or read book Lithuania written by V. Stanley Vardys and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores Lithuania's pagan ancestry and epochal struggles with Germanic and Russian states and examines Lithuania's struggle with the legacy of Soviet rule as it strives to establish democracy and economic prosperity.
Download or read book The Russian Empire written by Andreas Kappeler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-27 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "national question" and how to impose control over its diverse ethnic identities has long posed a problem for the Russian state. This major survey of Russia as a multi-ethnic empire spans the imperial years from the sixteenth century to 1917, with major consideration of the Soviet phase. It asks how Russians incorporated new territories, how they were resisted, what the character of a multi-ethnic empire was and how, finally, these issues related to nationalism.
Download or read book Problems of Communism written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poland s Holocaust written by Tadeusz Piotrowski and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2007-01-09 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the end of World War I, a new Republic of Poland emerged on the maps of Europe, made up of some of the territory from the first Polish Republic, including Wolyn and Wilno, and significant parts of Belarus, Upper Silesia, Eastern Galicia, and East Prussia. The resulting conglomeration of ethnic groups left many substantial minorities wanting independence. The approach of World War II provided the minorities' leaders a new opportunity in their nationalist movements, and many sided with one or the other of Poland's two enemies--the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany--in hopes of achieving their goals at the expense of Poland and its people. Based on primary and secondary sources in numerous languages (including Polish, German, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Russian and English), this work examines the roles of the ethnic minorities in the collapse of the Republic and in the atrocities that occurred under the occupying troops. The Polish government's response to mounting ethnic tensions in the prewar era and its conduct of the war effort are also examined.
Download or read book Professionalism in journalism in the era of new media written by Jacek Sobczak and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2015-12-31 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term 'professionalization' arouses controversies in academic discussion, let alone the issue of professionalization of journalism. Journalism considerably departs from the ideal model of professionalization. There is no structured knowledge that directly applies to journalists, although we can talk about defined skills and the practical principles of the journalist's profession. Considering the process of the professionalization of journalism, we can indicate three significant determinants, namely professional autonomy, separate professional standards (self-regulation principles) and serving the public interest. However, it is particularly important to ask about the condition of the journalist's profession nowadays. The ongoing technological revolution on the one hand, and the political and legal transformations accompanied by market trends, such as the tabloidization of the media (so-called infotainment) first and foremost, and citizen journalism on the other, have all generated great doubts about the status of journalists. This calls for a redefinition of the professional position and role of journalists in modern societies. All these transformations may pose a serious threat to the model of traditional journalism and the social and professional position of journalists. The book introduced here consists of four parts, presenting various aspects of professionalization of journalism. The first part treats of diverse topics concerning the essence of this issue, as well as the legal status of journalist's profession. The second part, features texts devoted to the issues of digital media. Part three deals with the disturbing phenomenon of hate speech. The main theme of the last part of the book concerns the issue of lobbying in the process of establishing intellectual property rights. The texts presented here have been written by scholars in the fields of law, media studies and political science on the one hand and practitioners (journalists) fromseveral countries of Europe on the other. The editors hope that the publication will contribute to the ongoing discussion concerning both the journalists' and journalism status, in the era of dynamic technological transformation.
Download or read book Turkic written by Lars Johanson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 1333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkic is one of the world's major language families, comprising a high number of distinct languages and varieties that display remarkable similarities and notable differences. Written by a leading expert in the field, this landmark work provides an unrivalled overview of multiple features of Turkic, covering structural, functional, historical, sociolinguistic and literary aspects. It presents the history and cultures of the speakers, structures, and use of the whole set of languages within the family, including Turkish, Azeri, Turkmen, Tatar, Kazakh, Uzbek, and Uyghur, and gives a comprehensive overview of published works on Turkic languages, large and small. It also provides an innovative theoretical framework, employing a unified terminology and transcription, to give new insights into the Turkic linguistic type. Requiring no previous knowledge of the Turkic languages, it will be welcomed by both general readers, as well as academic researchers and students of linguistic typology, comparative linguistics, and Turkic studies.
Download or read book Minority Affairs and Poland written by Stanislaw J. Paprocki and published by . This book was released on 1935 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Many Faces of Tolerance written by Ewa A. Golebiowska and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a systematic account on Poles’ attitudes toward ethnic, religious, political, and sexual minorities. It investigates Poland’s reputation as an intolerant, anti-Semitic, and homophobic country. Counter to a simplistic image of Poland as a hotbed of intolerance, the book shows that Polish intolerance has many faces. For one thing, Poles’ attitudes toward diversity vary from one group to another. For another, the extent to which Poles’ attitudes are more or less negative depends on the right or activity they are asked to support and who the respondents happen to be. The book is the most comprehensive and empirically sophisticated synthesis of Poles’ attitudes toward diversity to date. Previous research tends to describe Poles’ attitudes toward a single minority at a time and only examines subgroup differences in their thinking about diversity. The Many Faces of Tolerance is a multi-faceted analysis of Poles’ sentiments toward historically and currently discriminated against groups that assesses Poles’ acceptance of different minorities and authoritatively analyzes its sources. As part of this endeavor, the book develops a ranking of influences on Poles’ tolerance, undertakes a forecasting of future changes in tolerance in Poland, and proposes practical strategies to ameliorate existing intolerance.
Download or read book The Sons of Scripture written by Mikhail Kizilov and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on the variety of archival sources in the host of European and Oriental languages, the book focuses on the history, ethnography, and convoluted ethnic identity of the Polish-Lithuanian Karaites. The vanishing community of the Karaites, a non-Talmudic Turkic-speaking Jewish minority that had been living in Eastern Europe since the late Middle Ages, developed a unique ethnographic culture and religious tradition. The book offers the first comprehensive study of the dramatic history of the Polish-Lithuanian Karaite community in the twentieth century. Especially important is the analysis of the dejudaization (or Turkicization) of the community that saved the Karaites from horrors of the Holocaust.
Download or read book Manifold Identities written by International Council for Traditional Music. Study Group Music and Minorities. Meeting and published by Cambridge Scholars Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a study of manifold identities focusing on music and musicology.
