Download or read book The Significance of the Leaf Surface During Drought written by Christian Henry and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leaf surface is the locus of a multitude of physiological processes important in determining plant performance including responses to the environment. In my dissertation research, I identified specific adaptive and functional roles and constraints on stomata and trichomes. My approach utilized physiological experiments on diverse species native to California with potential applications toward understanding and improving plant drought tolerance. First, I clarified the mechanistic basis for leaf level drought response and the regulatory factors by which a stomatal safety-efficiency trade-off arises across diverse woody angiosperms. Second, I quantified foliar water uptake across diverse pairs of native California tree, shrub, and vine species with contrasting trichome densities adapted to a wide range of aridity. Lastly, I tested whether trichome presence was associated with differences in light-saturated gas exchange, water use efficiency, and climatic variables across diverse California species. This work highlighted underlying factors influencing water relations and gas exchange, including constraints on stomatal function and the key role of leaf trichomes, providing a clearer picture of the importance of these structures in species evolution and ecology.
Download or read book Photosynthesis and the Environment written by N.R. Baker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-11-30 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photosynthesis and the Environment examines how photosynthesis may be influenced by environmental changes. Structural and functional aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus are examined in the context of responses to environmental stimuli; particular attention being given to the processing of light energy by thylakoids, metabolic regulation, gas exchange and source-sink relations. The roles of developmental and genetic responses in determining photosynthetic performance are also considered. The complexity of the responses to environmental change is demonstrated by detailed analyses of the effects of specific environmental variables (light, temperature, water, CO2, ozone and UV-B) on photosynthetic performance. Where appropriate attention is given to recent developments in the techniques used for studying photosynthetic activities. The book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and a wide range of scientists with research interests in environmental effects on photosynthesis and plant productivity.
Download or read book Regulation of Photosynthesis written by Eva-Mari Aro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the expression of photosynthesis related genes including regulation both at transcriptional and translational levels. It reviews biogenesis, turnover, and senescence of thylakoid pigment protein complexes and highlights some crucial regulatory steps in carbon metabolism.
Download or read book Size and Age Related Changes in Tree Structure and Function written by Frederick C. Meinzer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of trees live and grow all around us, and we all recognize the vital role they play in the world’s ecosystems. Publicity campaigns exhort us to plant yet more. Yet until recently comparatively little was known about the root causes of the physical changes that attend their growth. Since trees typically increase in size by three to four orders of magnitude in their journey to maturity, this gap in our knowledge has been a crucial issue to address. Here at last is a synthesis of the current state of our knowledge about both the causes and consequences of ontogenetic changes in key features of tree structure and function. During their ontogeny, trees undergo numerous changes in their physiological function, the structure and mechanical properties of their wood, and overall architecture and allometry. This book examines the central interplay between these changes and tree size and age. It also explores the impact these changes can have, at the level of the individual tree, on the emerging characteristics of forest ecosystems at various stages of their development. The analysis offers an explanation for the importance of discriminating between the varied physical properties arising from the nexus of size and age, as well as highlighting the implications these ontogenetic changes have for commercial forestry and climate change. This important and timely summation of our knowledge base in this area, written by highly respected researchers, will be of huge interest, not only to researchers, but also to forest managers and silviculturists.
Download or read book Plant Responses to Drought Stress written by Ricardo Aroca and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the multiple strategies that plants have developed to cope with drought, one of the most severe environmental stresses. Experts in the field present 17 chapters, each of which focuses on a basic concept as well as the latest findings. The following major aspects are covered in the book: · Morphological and anatomical adaptations · Physiological responses · Biochemical and molecular responses · Ecophysiological responses · Responses to drought under field conditions The contributions will serve as an invaluable source of information for researchers and advanced students in the fields of plant sciences, agriculture, ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular biology.
Download or read book Effects of Stress on Photosynthesis written by R. Marcelle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the papers, presented during a conference, organized jointly by the "Opzoekingsstation van Gorsem" and the "Limburgs Universitair Centrum", Belgium from 22 to 27 August 1982. For this third meeting, the chosen topic was the effect of different stresses on photosynthesis. Most of the research in this field is realized on water stress and temperature stress; this situation is refllected in the conference programme. However, the imp- tance of the other factors such as light, CO , salinity, anaerobiosis, was 2 also emphasized especially during the important discussion sessions. We express our gratitude to Drs. J. Gale, P. Jarvis, G.H. Krause, P.E. Kriedemann and P.S. Nobel for their excellent leadership during the discussion sessions. Particular thanks are also due to Dr. H.~i. Woolhouse who gave us an excellent inaugural address and whose erudition largely contributed to the interest of the discussions. For the first time in our experience of editors, we decided to use camera ready copies in order to publish more rapidly the proceedings and at a lower price. For a lot of reasons (among other things the bad choice of type of letter to be used and the choice of instructions to authors which were not perfectly followed by the authors), the technical presentation of this book will appear as non homogeneous; we accepted this lack of homogeneity with the hope tbat the publication time would be shorter in spite of the fact that, some authors delivered their manuscript with delay.
Download or read book Abiotic Stress in Plants written by Arun Shanker and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World population is growing at an alarming rate and is anticipated to reach about six billion by the end of year 2050. On the other hand, agricultural productivity is not increasing at a required rate to keep up with the food demand. The reasons for this are water shortages, depleting soil fertility and mainly various abiotic stresses. The fast pace at which developments and novel findings that are recently taking place in the cutting edge areas of molecular biology and basic genetics, have reinforced and augmented the efficiency of science outputs in dealing with plant abiotic stresses. In depth understanding of the stresses and their effects on plants is of paramount importance to evolve effective strategies to counter them. This book is broadly dived into sections on the stresses, their mechanisms and tolerance, genetics and adaptation, and focuses on the mechanic aspects in addition to touching some adaptation features. The chief objective of the book hence is to deliver state of the art information for comprehending the nature of abiotic stress in plants. We attempted here to present a judicious mixture of outlooks in order to interest workers in all areas of plant sciences.
Download or read book Water Stress and Crop Plants written by Parvaiz Ahmad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are subjected to a variety of abiotic stresses such as drought, temperature, salinity, air pollution, heavy metals, UV radiations, etc. To survive under these harsh conditions plants are equipped with different resistance mechanisms which vary from species to species. Due to the environmental fluctuations agricultural and horticultural crops are often exposed to different environmental stresses leading to decreased yield and problems in the growth and development of the crops. Drought stress has been found to decrease the yield to an alarming rate of some important crops throughout the globe. During last few decades, lots of physiological and molecular works have been conducted under water stress in crop plants. Water Stress and Crop Plants: A Sustainable Approach presents an up-to-date in-depth coverage of drought and flooding stress in plants, including the types, causes and consequences on plant growth and development. It discusses the physiobiochemical, molecular and omic approaches, and responses of crop plants towards water stress. Topics include nutritional stress, oxidative stress, hormonal regulation, transgenic approaches, mitigation of water stress, approaches to sustainability, and modern tools and techniques to alleviate the water stress on crop yields. This practical book offers pragmatic guidance for scientists and researchers in plant biology, and agribusinesses and biotechnology companies dealing with agronomy and environment, to mitigate the negative effects of stress and improve yield under stress. The broad coverage also makes this a valuable guide enabling students to understand the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of environmental stress in plants.
Download or read book Water Conservation in Cotton by Drought Induced Leaf Surface Wax Synthesis written by John D. Weete and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants Vol 1 written by Mohammad Anwar Hossain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-25 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abiotic stress adversely affects crop production worldwide, decreasing average yields for most of the crops to 50%. Among various abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production, drought stress is considered to be the main source of yield reduction around the globe. Due to an increasing world population, drought stress will lead to a serious food shortage by 2050. The situation may become worse due to predicated global climate change that may multiply the frequency and duration and severity of such abiotic stresses. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding on complex mechanisms of drought stress tolerance and to develop modern varieties that are more resilient to drought stress. Identification of the potential novel genes responsible for drought tolerance in crop plants will contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of crop responses to drought stress. The discovery of novel genes, the analysis of their expression patterns in response to drought stress, and the determination of their potential functions in drought stress adaptation will provide the basis of effective engineering strategies to enhance crop drought stress tolerance. Although the in-depth water stress tolerance mechanisms is still unclear, it can be to some extent explained on the basis of ion homeostasis mediated by stress adaptation effectors, toxic radical scavenging, osmolyte biosynthesis, water transport, and long distance signaling response coordination. Importantly, complete elucidation of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms for drought stress, perception, transduction, and tolerance is still a challenge to the plant biologists. The findings presented in volume 1 call attention to the physiological and biochemical modalities of drought stress that influence crop productivity, whereas volume 2 summarizes our current understanding on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of drought stress resistance in plants.
Download or read book Drought Tolerant Genus Ceanothus Shows Strong Leaf Hydraulic Sensitivity to Dehydration written by Joseph Zailaa and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is increasing the severity of droughts globally, threatening naturally arid regions such as the California Floristic Province (CFP), a major biodiversity hotspot. Native CFP plants such as California Lilacs (genus Ceanothus) have adapted physiologically and anatomically to drought conditions yet are still threatened by the rate at which the climate is changing. It is therefore important to explore the anatomical and physiological adaptations these species display that have allowed them to proliferate in arid ecosystems, and to elucidate the extent to which they will be impacted by a rapidly changing climate. Cerastes and the eponymous Ceanothus are two subgenera within the genus most notably disparate in the fact that stomatal crypts are absent in the former group, but present in the latter. We measured leaf hydraulic (Kleaf), stomatal (gs), and minimum epidermal (gmin) conductance and their anatomical drivers in four species of Cerastes and three species of Ceanothus growing in a common garden in Rancho Santa Ana, California and extracted bioclimatic data from the WorldClim database for our species' native ranges to explore how abiotic factors have shaped the functional and structural strategies of these species to withstand arid conditions. We found all species displayed highly sensitive Kleaf and gs decline to dehydration, in contrast to what has been reported in other Mediterranean species. We discuss how this surprising sensitivity could provide the species with drought tolerance. We found a lack of coordination in leaf hydraulic and stomatal responses and highlight the importance of taking into account the ratio of hydraulic supply (Kleaf) to demand (gs) to understand the interaction between hydraulic and stomatal responses. Our data pointed to differences across species in what triggers stomatal closure: while Kleaf played a strong role in stomatal closure through changes in water potential, other factors such as abscisic acid (ABA) were more dominant. Additionally, our results showed that the two subgenera differed in key xylem anatomical traits, with species of the more arid subgenus Cerastes displaying more resistant xylem anatomy to embolism and/or collapse. We found no evidence to suggest that climate played a major role in shaping our species' physiologies, possibly as a result of their acclimation to their local climate. Finally, and even though stomatal crypts largely increase the abaxial to adaxial leaf surface area ratio, we found no significant differences in gmin nor in maximum gs between the subgenera, lending support to the hypothesized function that crypts might help buffer changes in vapor pressure deficits and increase diffusional resistance of water vapor out of the leaf.
Download or read book Water Radiation Salt and Other Stresses written by J. Levitt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-12-04 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses, Second Edition, Volume II: Water, Radiation, Salt, and Other Stresses focuses on the effects of stresses on plants. This book discusses how stresses produce their damaging effects and how living organisms defend themselves against stresses. Organized into six parts encompassing 12 chapters, this edition starts with an overview of the various responses of plants to the severities of all the other environmental stresses, with emphasis on the physical and biological stresses and strains. This text then describes water stress in plants, which arise either from an excessive or from an insufficient water activity in the plant's environment. Other chapters consider the resistance to drought stress of plants. This book discusses as well the effects of flooding, which replaces gaseous air by liquid water. The final chapter deals with the comparative stress responses of plants. This book is a valuable resource for plant biologists.
Download or read book The Drought Resilient Farm written by Dale Strickler and published by Storey Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rainfall levels are rarely optimal, but there are hundreds of things you can do to efficiently conserve and use the water you do have and to reduce the impact of drought on your soil, crops, livestock, and farm or ranch ecosystem. Author Dale Strickler introduces you to the same innovative systems he used to transform his own drought-stricken family farm in Kansas into a thriving, water-wise, and profitable enterprise, maximizing healthy cropland, pasture, and water supply. Ranging from simple, short-term projects such as installing rain-collection ollas to long-term land-management planning strategies, Strickler’s methods show how to get more water into the soil, keep it in the soil, and help plants and livestock access it.
Download or read book Stomatal Function written by Eduardo Zeiger and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses written by Jacob Levitt and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aspen written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information about the biology, ecology, and management of quaking aspen on the mountains and plateaus of the interior western United States, and to a lesser extent, Canada, is summarized and discussed. The biology of aspen as a tree species, community relationships in the aspen ecosystem, environments, and factors affecting aspen forests are reviewed. The resources available within and from the aspen forest type, and their past and potential uses are examined. Silvicultural methods and other approaches to managing aspen for various resources and uses are presented.
Download or read book Drawdown written by Paul Hawken and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2017-04-18 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: • New York Times bestseller • The 100 most substantive solutions to reverse global warming, based on meticulous research by leading scientists and policymakers around the world “At this point in time, the Drawdown book is exactly what is needed; a credible, conservative solution-by-solution narrative that we can do it. Reading it is an effective inoculation against the widespread perception of doom that humanity cannot and will not solve the climate crisis. Reported by-effects include increased determination and a sense of grounded hope.” —Per Espen Stoknes, Author, What We Think About When We Try Not To Think About Global Warming “There’s been no real way for ordinary people to get an understanding of what they can do and what impact it can have. There remains no single, comprehensive, reliable compendium of carbon-reduction solutions across sectors. At least until now. . . . The public is hungry for this kind of practical wisdom.” —David Roberts, Vox “This is the ideal environmental sciences textbook—only it is too interesting and inspiring to be called a textbook.” —Peter Kareiva, Director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA In the face of widespread fear and apathy, an international coalition of researchers, professionals, and scientists have come together to offer a set of realistic and bold solutions to climate change. One hundred techniques and practices are described here—some are well known; some you may have never heard of. They range from clean energy to educating girls in lower-income countries to land use practices that pull carbon out of the air. The solutions exist, are economically viable, and communities throughout the world are currently enacting them with skill and determination. If deployed collectively on a global scale over the next thirty years, they represent a credible path forward, not just to slow the earth’s warming but to reach drawdown, that point in time when greenhouse gases in the atmosphere peak and begin to decline. These measures promise cascading benefits to human health, security, prosperity, and well-being—giving us every reason to see this planetary crisis as an opportunity to create a just and livable world.
