Download or read book Sapphire written by Elena R. Dobrovinskaya and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the second half of the twentieth century, a new branch of materials science had come into being — crystalline materials research. Its appearance is linked to the emergence of advanced technologies primarily based on single crystals (bulk crystals and films). At the turn of the last century, the impending onset of the “ceramic era” was forecasted. It was believed that ceramics would play a role comparable to that of the Stone or Bronze Ages in the history of civilization. Naturally, such an assumption was hypothetical, but it showed that ceramic materials had evoked keen interest among researchers. Although sapphire traditionally has been considered a gem, it has developed into a material typical of the “ceramic era.” Widening the field of sapphire application necessitated essential improvement of its homogeneity and working characteristics and extension of the range of sapphire products, especially those with stipulated properties including a preset structural defect distribution. In the early 1980s, successful attainment of crystals with predetermined char- teristics was attributed to proper choice of the growth method. At present, in view of the fact that the requirements for crystalline products have become more str- gent, such an approach tends to be insufficient. It is clear that one must take into account the physical–chemical processes that take place during the formation of the real crystal structure, i.e., the growth mechanisms and the nature and causes of crystal imperfections.
Download or read book The Sapphire Crystal written by Martin Berry and published by Mereo Books, mereobook, mereobooks. This book was released on 2017-05-24 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Melina and her friend Lisa cannot understand why they have developed magical powers - until they are whisked away from their homes in the middle of the night by the Gamlyns, a race of small, green people from another world and another time. The Gamlyns derive special powers from an extraordinary sapphire crystal hidden deep inside a cave. It seems that one of their race has learned to use its powers for her own wicked purposes, and her quest for power is threatening both the Gamlyns' world and our own. Melina and Lisa learn that they have a vital - and dangerous - part to play in helping the Gamlyns to save both worlds from destruction. An enthralling, magical fantasy story for 9-12 year olds.ÿ
Download or read book Ruby and Sapphire written by Richard W. Hughes and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-01 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the dawn of time, ruby and sapphire have both attracted and fascinated humans in ways that few other items could.While objects of desire are found throughout the natural world, physical beauty is too often ephemeral. From the allure of a man, woman, flower or butterfly, through the fleeting moments of a sunset, there is little that lasts and practically nothing that can be passed down to our descendants. The exception is precious stones. Not only are they the most durable creations of mother nature, but their visual splendor is truly eternal.In this companion to his 2013 book, Ruby & Sapphire--A Collector's Guide, Richard Hughes examines these gems from the gemological standpoint, delving into these gems not just from the aesthetic, but also from the scientific point of view.The product of nearly 40 years of firsthand experience, it covers every aspect of the subject from A-Z. History, sources, prices, quality analysis, synthetics and treatments, everything is here. Ruby & Sapphire--A Gemologist's Guide represents the most comprehensive book ever written on a single precious stone. With over 1000 photos, maps and illustrations and 3500 references, it is nothing less than a tour-de-force of gemological scholarship.
Download or read book Physical Properties of Diamond and Sapphire written by Roshan L. Aggarwal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-05-03 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the physical properties of diamond and sapphire, this monograph provides readers with essential details on crystal structure and growth, mechanical properties, thermal properties, optical properties, light scattering of diamond and sapphire crystals, and sapphire lasers. Various physical properties are comprehensively discussed: Mechanical properties include hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength, and Young’s modulus. Thermal properties include thermal expansion, specific heat, and thermal conductivity. Optical properties of diamond and sapphire include transmission, refractive index, and absorption. Light scattering includes Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering. Sapphire lasers include chromium-doped and titanium-doped lasers. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals working in materials science, physics, electrical engineering, and related fields, this monograph is the first to concentrate solely on physical properties of these increasingly important materials.
Download or read book Ruby Sapphire written by Richard W. Hughes and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Topics on Crystal Growth written by Sukarno Ferreira and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-20 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystal growth is the key step of a great number of very important applications. The development of new devices and products, from the traditional microelectronic industry to pharmaceutical industry and many others, depends on crystallization processes. The objective of this book is not to cover all areas of crystal growth but just present, as specified in the title, important selected topics, as applied to organic and inorganic systems. All authors have been selected for being key researchers in their field of specialization, working in important universities and research labs around the world. The first section is mainly devoted to biological systems and covers topics like proteins, bone and ice crystallization. The second section brings some applications to inorganic systems and describes more general growth techniques like chemical vapor crystallization and electrodeposition. This book is mostly recommended for students working in the field of crystal growth and for scientists and engineers in the fields of crystalline materials, crystal engineering and the industrial applications of crystallization processes.
Download or read book Microelectronic Materials written by C.R.M. Grovenor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical book shows how an understanding of structure, thermodynamics, and electrical properties can explain some of the choices of materials used in microelectronics, and can assist in the design of new materials for specific applications. It emphasizes the importance of the phase chemistry of semiconductor and metal systems for ensuring the long-term stability of new devices. The book discusses single-crystal and polycrystalline silicon, aluminium- and gold-based metallisation schemes, packaging semiconductor devices, failure analysis, and the suitability of various materials for optoelectronic devices and solar cells. It has been designed for senior undergraduates, graduates, and researchers in physics, electronic engineering, and materials science.
Download or read book Steven Universe and the Crystal Gems written by Josceline Fenton and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An all-new Steven Universe adventure! The Gems tell Steven a spooky story about a monster who turns bad Gems into glass and shatters them. Pearl assures a terrified Steven that it's just a story, but suddenly people around Beach City start turning up frozen in glass ...
Download or read book Crystal Muse written by Heather Askinosie and published by Hay House, Inc. This book was released on 2017-10-17 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Crystal Muse is pure enchantment. It is written with grace, deep knowledge, and the kind of magic that comes only from years and years of experience trusting and working in the unseen realms. I highly recommend this book to everyone who wants to live a more delightful and fulfilling life.”— CHRISTIANE NORTHRUP, M.D., New York Times best-selling author of Goddesses Never Age Crystal Muse explores how you can transform life’s challenges into opportunities for growth by being equipped with the right crystals and mindset. Learn how you can connect with crystals and empower your life by using this guide to set such transformational intentions as: —Attracting love through learning to love yourself —Relieving anxiety by surrendering to meditation —Becoming a magnet for prosperity —Crystallizing a breakthrough —Consciously conceiving a new life —Cutting your unhealthy energy cords —Getting rid of insomnia to sleep with your mind fully at rest —Cultivating the connection with your creative spirit —Aligning with the energy of the moon —Grounding yourself with the energy of the earth; and —Finding the temple within These practices are a collection of over 25 years of rigorous research, world travel, and spiritual quests by holistic healer and crystal expert, Heather Askinosie. For over two decades, Heather and her business partner, Timmi Jandro, have been offering insights into crystals through their crystal healing business, Energy Muse. Throughout Crystal Muse, Heather and Timmi share their personal stories on the path toward alternative practice, and explain how these remedies can work for the reader’s life too.
Download or read book Machining of Hard Materials written by J. Paulo Davim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-24 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hard machining is a relatively recent technology that can be defined as a machining operation, using tools with geometrically defined cutting edges, of a work piece that has hardness values typically in the 45-70HRc range. This operation always presents the challenge of selecting a cutting tool insert that facilitates high-precision machining of the component, but it presents several advantages when compared with the traditional methodology based in finish grinding operations after heat treatment of work pieces. Machining of Hard Materials aims to provide the reader with the fundamentals and recent advances in the field of hard machining of materials. All the chapters are written by international experts in this important field of research. They cover topics such as: • advanced cutting tools for the machining of hard materials; • the mechanics of cutting and chip formation; • surface integrity; • modelling and simulation; and • computational methods and optimization. Machining of Hard Materials can serve as a useful reference for academics, manufacturing and materials researchers, manufacturing and mechanical engineers, and professionals in machining and related industries. It can also be used as a text for advanced undergraduate or postgraduate students studying mechanical engineering, manufacturing, or materials.
Download or read book Specialty Optical Fibers Handbook written by Alexis Mendez and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive contributed volume that aims to describe and explain the design, fabrication, operating characteristics, and specific applications of the most popular and useful types of specialty optical fibers. These "specialty fibers include any kind of optical fiber that has been architecturally manipulated to diverge from a conventional structure. For instance, metal-coated fibers can be utilized for bandwidth improvement, and hollow core fibers offer more controllable dispersion for sensitive medical procedures. Applications for these specialty fibers abound in the biomedical, sensors, and industrial fields, as well as in more traditional communications capacities. This book will act as a specialty fiber "guided tour, hosted by the top names in the discipline. The globally renowned editors, Drs. Mendez and Morse, have extensive experience in research, academia, and industry.*Completely covers biomedical and industrial sensor technology with emphasis on real world applications *Comparative studies of pros and cons of all fiber types with relation to test and measurement, mechanical properties and strength, and reliability*Easy to access essential facts and details at the begining of each chapter
Download or read book Identification Of Dark Matter The Proceedings Of The Third International Workshop written by Vitaly Kudryavtsev and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001-05-22 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the workshop series “The Identification of Dark Matter” is to assess critically the status of work attempting to identify what constitutes dark matter; in particular, to consider what techniques are currently being used, how successful they are, and what new techniques are likely to improve the prospects for identifying dark matter candidates in the future. This proceedings volume includes reviews on major particle astrophysics topics in the field of dark matter, as well as short contributed papers.
Download or read book A Manual of the Geology of India written by Frederick Richard Mallet and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Manual of the Geology of India written by Geological Survey of India and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mineralogy mainly Non Economic written by F. R. Mallet and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Minerals Yearbook written by and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book X Ray Optics written by Yuri Shvyd'ko and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of x rays has moved in the forefront of science and technology in the second half of the 20th century. This progress has been greatly stimulated by the advent of synchrotron x-ray sources in the 1960s. The undulator-based synchrotron radiation sources which have appeared in the last decade of the 20th century gave a new impetus to such development. The brilliance of the x-ray sources has increased by 12 orders of magnitude in 40 years and this trend does not show any signs of stagnation. The future x-ray sources of the 21th century based on free-electron lasers driven by linear accelerators will provide sub-picosecond radiation pulses with by many orders of magnitude higher brilliance and full transverse coherence. The x-ray sources of the newest generation offer a possibility to realize more than ever before the great potential of x-ray optics and, as a consequence, to elaborate new sophisticated instrumentation with unprecedented resolution and eventually to move in new directions of research in x-ray technology, materials science, fundamental physics, life sciences, etc.
