Download or read book Romania s Holy War written by Grant T. Harward and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Romania's Holy War rights the widespread myth that Romania was a reluctant member of the Axis during World War II. In correcting this fallacy, Grant T. Harward shows that, of an estimated 300,000 Jews who perished in Romania and Romanian-occupied Ukraine, more than 64,000 were, in fact, killed by Romanian soldiers. Moreover, the Romanian Army conducted a brutal campaign in German-occupied Ukraine, resulting in the deaths of thousands of Soviet prisoners of war, partisans, and civilians. Investigating why Romanian soldiers fought and committed such atrocities, Harward argues that strong ideology—a cocktail of nationalism, religion, antisemitism, and anticommunism—undergirded their motivation. Romania's Holy War draws on official military records, wartime periodicals, soldiers' diaries and memoirs, subsequent war crimes investigations, and recent interviews with veterans to tell the full story. Harward integrates the Holocaust into the narrative of military operations to show that most soldiers fully supported the wartime dictator, General Ion Antonescu, and his regime's holy war against "Judeo-Bolshevism." The army perpetrated mass reprisals, targeting Jews in liberated Romanian territory; supported the deportation and concentration of Jews in camps or ghettos in Romanian-occupied Soviet territory; and played a key supporting role in SS efforts to exterminate Jews in German-occupied Soviet territory. Harward proves that Romania became Nazi Germany's most important ally in the war against the USSR because its soldiers were highly motivated, thus overturning much of what we thought we knew about this theater of war. Romania's Holy War provides the first complete history of why Romanian soldiers fought on the Eastern Front.
Download or read book The Great War and the Romanians written by Nicolae ne and published by Histria Books. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written during the First World War, this book describes Romania’s role in World War I during the critical years of 1916 and 1917. The book analyzes the situation of the Romanians living within the borders of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time and the causes for Romania’s entry into the war. The author then discusses Romania’s contribution to the war effort during 1916 and the first half of 1917. An important record of events for historians interested in the First World War on the Eastern Front, it includes several essential historical documents that illustrate the author’s account of the events of the time. The book also has a preface by Albert Thomas, French minister of Armaments and War Production at that time, and Maurice Muret. It is a valuable first-hand account of Romania’s involvement in World War I. The author, Nicolae Petrescu-Comnène was an important Romanian diplomat of the interwar period. He served as ambassador to Switzerland, Germany, and the Vatican, as well as a delegate at the League of Nations, before becoming foreign minister from 1938 to 1939. He authored numerous studies on history, law, and politics.
Download or read book The Romanian Battlefront in World War I written by Glenn E. Torrey and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite a strategically vulnerable position, an ill-prepared army, and questionable promises of military support from the Allied Powers, Romania intervened in World War I in August 1916. In return, it received the Allies' formal sanction for the annexation of the Romanian-inhabited regions of Austria-Hungary. As Glenn Torrey reveals in his pathbreaking study, this soon appeared to have been an impulsive and risky decision for both parties. Torrey details how, by the end of 1916, the armies of the Central Powers, led by German generals Falkenhayn and Mackensen, had administered a crushing defeat and occupied two-thirds of Romanian territory, but at the cost of diverting substantial military forces they needed on other fronts. The Allies, especially the Russians, were forced to do likewise in order to prevent Romania from collapsing completely. Torrey presents the most authoritative account yet of the heavy fighting during the 1916 campaign and of the renewed attempt by Austro-German forces, including the elite Alpine Corps, to subdue the Romanian Army in the summer of 1917. This latter campaign, highlighted here but ignored in non-Romanian accounts, witnessed reorganized and rearmed Romanian soldiers, with help from a disintegrating Russian Army, administer a stunning defeat of their enemies. However, as Torrey also shows, amidst the chaos of the Russian Revolution the Central Powers forced Romania to sign a separate peace early in 1918. Ultimately, this allowed the Romanian Army to reenter the war and occupy the majority of the territory promised in 1916. Torrey's unparalleled familiarity with archival and secondary sources and his long experience with the subject give authority and balance to his account of the military, strategic, diplomatic, and political events on both sides of the battlefront. In addition, his use of personal memoirs provides vivid insights into the human side of the war. Major military leaders in the Second World War, especially Ion Antonescu and Erwin Rommel, made their careers during the First World War and play a prominent role in his book. Torrey's study fosters a genuinely new appreciation and understanding of a long-neglected aspect of World War I that influenced not only the war itself but the peace settlement that followed and, in fact, continues today.
Download or read book The Romanian Army During the First World War written by Costică Prodan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Romania and World War I written by Glenn E. Torrey and published by Histria Books. This book was released on 1998 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive portrait of the situation faced by Romania during the years of the first world conflict. It is a collection of studies covering all aspects of Romania's role in the war, from the years of neutrality up to the consolidation of Greater Romania in 1919. Topics covered include: Romania and the belligerents, 1914-1916; irredentism and diplomacy -- the central powers and Romania, August-November 1914; some observations on the Sarrail Offensive at Salonika, August 1916; the Entente and the Romanian Campaign of 1916; indifference and mistrust -- Russian-Romanian collaboration in the campaign of 1916; Romania leaves the war -- the decision to sign an armistice, December 1917; Alexandru Marghiloman of Romania -- a war leader; and the Romanian intervention in Hungary, 1919.
Download or read book Brief Romanian Military History written by Călin Hentea and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the first historical mentions of an armed conflict in what is now Romania dates back to 335 B.C., when, prior to launching his legendary Asian campaign, Alexander the Great organized an expedition over the Western shore of the Danube to deter the Gaets and secure the frontier of the Macedonian Kingdom. Since then, the land located on the Black Sea and nestled amongst the Carpathian Mountains has seen more than its fair share of military struggles. Whether referring to the country's fight for independence against the Ottoman Empire in the 14th Century or the December Revolution in the late 20th Century, Romania's military history has been long and varied. This book presents a chronological and detailed narrative of the significant events in the nation's military history, covering everything from the campaign of the Persian king Darius I against the Scythians in 514 B.C. to Romania's admission into NATO in April of 2004. Beginning with a full chronology of the country's most important and decisive military events, Brief Romanian Military History then presents a general overview of 2500 years of Romanian history. Complete with biographies of significant military leaders and entries on important battles, wars, military organizations, structures, fortresses, uniforms, and weapons for each of the historical eras chronicled, this book is an essential reference tool for scholars, historians, anthropologists, journalists, and all others interested in the history of Romania.
Download or read book World War One written by Norman Stone and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2009-04-28 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the unprecedented destruction of the Great War, the world longed for a lasting peace. The victors, however, valued vengeance even more than stability and demanded a massive indemnity from Germany in order to keep it from rearming. The results, as eminent historian Norman Stone describes in this authoritative history, were disastrous. In World War Two, Stone provides a remarkably concise account of the deadliest war of human history, showing how the conflict roared to life from the ashes of World War One. Adolf Hitler rode a tide of popular desperation and resentment to power in Germany, promptly making good on his promise to return the nation to its former economic and military strength. He bullied Europe into giving him his way, and in so doing backed the victors of the Great War into a corner. Following the invasion of Poland in 1939, Britain and France declared war on Germany -- a decision that, Stone argues, was utterly irrational. Yet Hitler had driven the world mad, and the rekindling of European hostilities soon grew to a conflagration that spread across the globe, fanned by political and racial ideologies more poisonous -- and weaponry more destructive -- than the world had ever seen. With commanding expertise, Stone leads readers through the escalation, climax, and mournful denouement of this sprawling conflict. World War Two is an invaluable contribution to our understanding of the twentieth century and its defining struggle.
Download or read book The Romanian Army of World War II written by Mark Axworthy and published by Osprey Publishing. This book was released on 1992-03-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although Romania had fought for the Allies in World War I with the fall of her allies the Czechs and the French mid-1940 she was forced to join the Axis. A coalition government was formed under General Antonescue who proved to be one of Germany's most effective military allies. The Romanian army saw extensive action and suffered terrible losses in operation Odessa and at Stalingrad. By 1944 the Soviets were within the Romanian borders and the King sued for peace. Romania's defection significantly accelerated the end of World War II. Her natural resources were now denied to Germany and her forces constituted the fourth largest Allied army. this book details the uniforms, equipment and unit organisation of the Romanian army during the entire conflict.
Download or read book A Roumanian Diary written by Hans Carossa and published by ببلومانيا للنشر والتوزيع. This book was released on 2024-03-17 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Roumanian Diary" is a travelogue written by Hans Carossa, a German novelist, poet, and physician. Originally published in 1924, the diary recounts Carossa's experiences during his travels through Romania in the early 20th century. Throughout the diary, Carossa provides vivid descriptions of the Romanian landscape, culture, and people he encounters during his journey. He captures the essence of rural life, the beauty of the countryside, and the customs of the Romanian people with poetic prose and keen observation. Carossa's diary also reflects his personal reflections and impressions as he navigates through Romania, offering insights into his thoughts on various aspects of life, society, and human nature. His writing style is characterized by a blend of introspection, lyrical descriptions, and philosophical contemplation.
Download or read book Prelude to Blitzkrieg written by Michael B. Barrett and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative study of World War I’s often-overlooked Romanian front. In contrast to the trench-war deadlock on the Western Front, combat in Romania and Transylvania in 1916 foreshadowed the lightning warfare of World War II. When Romania joined the Allies and invaded Transylvania without warning, the Germans responded by unleashing a campaign of bold, rapid infantry movements, with cavalry providing cover or pursuing the crushed foe. Hitting where least expected and advancing before the Romanians could react―even bombing their capital from a Zeppelin soon after war was declared―the Germans and Austrians poured over the formidable Transylvanian Alps onto the plains of Walachia, rolling up the Romanian army from west to east, and driving the shattered remnants into Russia. Prelude to Blitzkrieg tells the story of this largely ignored campaign to determine why it did not devolve into the mud and misery of trench warfare, so ubiquitous elsewhere. “This work will stand as the definitive study of the Central Powers part of the campaign for some time to come.” —Journal of Military History “Barnett’s book is a valuable addition to the field. He writes well and with authority. He has been able to illuminate a little-known corner of the First World War and provide a state-of-the-art operational history combining detailed narrative with prescient analysis.” —American Historical Review
Download or read book Romania in World War I written by Vasile Alexandrescu and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: En fremstilling af Rumæniens militære deltagelse i 1. verdenskrig.
Download or read book Romania during the World War I Era written by Kurt W Treptow and published by Histria Books. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most dramatic periods in modern history, the World War I era also marked a turning point in Romanian history. This volume is a collection of studies presented by Romanian, American, and British scholars at the Fourth International Conference of the Center for Romanian Studies held in Iasi and Focsani, Romania, from 22-27 June 1998, on the occasion of the eightieth anniversary of the end of the great world conflict.Articles included: Mark Axworthy, Through British Eyes: Romanian Military Performance in World War I; Catalin Turliuc, Major Factors which Determined the Conduct of the “Great War”; Valeriu Florin Dobrinescu, Ion I.C. Bratianu: The Genius of Greater Romania; Diana Fotescu, Regina Maria si razboiul de intregire nationala; Constantin Hlihor, Romania within the Geopolitics of the Great Powers of Europe between 1918-1919; Nicholas M. Nagy-Talavera, Iorga’s Role during the Great War (1914-1918); Demetrius Dvoichenko de Markov, The Anti-Communist White Guards and Romania, 1918; Ernest H. Latham, Jr., We Will Do Business: Romania and the Baldwin Locomotive Works; Kurt W. Treptow, John Reed and Romania in 1915; Costica Prodan, Unele consideratii privind participarea Romaniei la primul razboi mondial (1916-1918); and many others.
Download or read book The Russian Army in the Great War written by David R. Stone and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A full century later, our picture of World War I remains one of wholesale, pointless slaughter in the trenches of the Western front. Expanding our focus to the Eastern front, as David R. Stone does in this masterly work, fundamentally alters—and clarifies—that picture. A thorough, and thoroughly readable, history of the Russian front during the First World War, this book corrects widespread misperceptions of the Russian Army and the war in the east even as it deepens and extends our understanding of the broader conflict. Of the four empires at war by the end of 1914—the Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, German, and Russian—none survived. But specific political, social, and economic weaknesses shaped the way Russia collapsed and returned as a radically new Soviet regime. It is this context that Stone's work provides, that gives readers a more judicious view of Russia's war on the home front as well as on the front lines. One key and fateful difference in the Russian experience emerges here: its failure to systematically and comprehensively reorganize its society for war, while the three westernmost powers embarked on programs of total mobilization. Context is also vital to understanding the particular rhythm of the war in the east. Drawing on recent and newly available scholarship in Russian and in English, Stone offers a nuanced account of Russia's military operations, concentrating on the uninterrupted sequence of campaigns in the first 18 months of war. The eastern empires' race to collapse underlines the critical importance of contingency in the complete story of World War I. Precisely when and how Russia lost the war was influenced by the structural strengths and weaknesses of its social and economic system, but also by the outcome of events on the battlefield. By bringing these events into focus, and putting them into context, this book corrects and enriches our picture of World War I, and of the true strengths and weaknesses, triumphs and successes of the Russian Army in the Great War.
Download or read book The German Campaign in Russia written by George E. Blau and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bugs and Bullets written by Joseph Breckinridge-Bayne and published by Center for Romanian Studies. This book was released on 2019-10-23 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Romania entered World War I in the summer of 1916 woefully unprepared to sustain a war on its own. The country faced near collapse as its Allies did not follow through on their promises and the Central Powers advanced into the kingdom. An unexpected participant in the events that unfolded as the Central Powers invaded Romania and occupied the capital city of Bucharest was an American doctor, Joseph Breckinridge Bayne. Like many of his generation, such as Ernest Hemingway, Richard Norton, Anne Hathaway Vanderbilt, and many others, driven by a spirit of adventure and a desire to help humanity in this moment of crisis, Bayne set out for Europe to throw in his lot with the Allied forces. After arriving in London, an unlikely set of circumstances led him to Romania, an isolated post on the Eastern Front of the war where his medical skills were greatly needed. Bug and Bullets is the memoir of this brave doctor who spent the next two years combating disease and epidemics, and dealing with the horrors of war from behind enemy lines on the Eastern Front. Bayne worked at a military hospital in Bucharest, both before and after the German occupation of the Romanian capital. When the front lines had stabilized further to the East and the influx of wounded soldiers ceased, Bayne took his services to the villages outside the capital that were ravaged by disease and hunger. Once the war had ended, Bayne again volunteered his services and returned to Romania with the Red Cross to help to reign in the typhoid epidemic and to rebuild the country he had grown to love. Bayne’s memoir provides a unique account of life in Romania during the First World War. He vividly describes medical conditions faced on the Eastern Front, revealing firsthand the savagery of war. Bugs and Bullets portrays the difficulties faced by the civilian population, overwhelmed by hunger and disease. As a foreign observer, he also provides a unique glimpse into life in Romanian villages during the war and creates an insightful portrait of the land and its people. This edition of Bugs and Bullets, published to mark the 100th anniversary of the end of the Great War, is edited and enhanced by a thorough introductory study on the author’s life and work by Dr. Ernest H. Latham, Jr., former cultural attaché at the American Embassy in Bucharest. Dr. Latham is a well-known specialist in Romanian history and has written the only biography of Dr. Bayne, entitled What Strange Fate. Bugs and Bullets is essential reading for anyone interested in medical conditions during World War I and life on the Eastern Front during this dramatic period in history. It also provides a valuable look at life in the country on the eve of the creation of modern Romania.
Download or read book Romania During the World War I Era written by Kurt W. Treptow and published by Center For Romanian Studies. This book was released on 2023-04-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Satellite Empire written by Vladimir Solonari and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-15 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Satellite Empire is an in-depth investigation of the political and social history of the area in southwestern Ukraine under Romanian occupation during World War II. Transnistria was the only occupied Soviet territory administered by a power other than Nazi Germany, a reward for Romanian participation in Operation Barbarossa. Vladimir Solonari's invaluable contribution to World War II history focuses on three main aspects of Romanian rule of Transnistria: with fascinating insights from recently opened archives, Solonari examines the conquest and delimitation of the region, the Romanian administration of the new territory, and how locals responded to the occupation. What did Romania want from the conquest? The first section of the book analyzes Romanian policy aims and its participation in the invasion of the USSR. Solonari then traces how Romanian administrators attempted, in contradictory and inconsistent ways, to make Transnistria "Romanian" and "civilized" while simultaneously using it as a dumping ground for 150,000 Jews and 20,000 Roma deported from a racially cleansed Romania. The author shows that the imperatives of total war eventually prioritized economic exploitation of the region over any other aims the Romanians may have had. In the final section, he uncovers local responses in terms of collaboration and resistance, in particular exploring relationships with the local Christian population, which initially welcomed the occupiers as liberators from Soviet oppression but eventually became hostile to them. Ever increasing hostility towards the occupying regime buoyed the numbers and efficacy of pro-Soviet resistance groups.
