Download or read book The Role of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Development Progression and Prognosis of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : ABSTRACT : A malignant tumor is not merely an accumulation of neoplastic cells, but constitutes a microenvironment containing endothelial cells, fibroblasts, structural components, and infiltrating immune cells that impact tumor development, invasion, metastasis, and outcome. Hence, the evolution of cancers reflects intricate cellular and molecular interactions between tumor cells and constituents of the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have shed new light on this complex interaction between tumor and host immune cells and the resulting immune response. The composition of the immune microenvironment differs across patients as well as in cancers of the same type, including various populations of T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. The type, density, location, and organization of immune cells within solid tumors define the immune contexture, which has proved to be a major determinant of tumor characteristics and patient outcome. Lung cancer consists mostly of non–small cell lung cancer (85%); it is our most deadly malignant disease, with the 5‐year survival rate being merely 15%. This review focuses on the immune contexture; the tumor‐suppressing roles of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes; and the relevance of this immune contexture for cancer diagnostics, prognostication, and treatment allocation, with an emphasis on non–small cell lung cancer.

Download or read book Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer written by Monica Castiglione and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-11 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adjuvant treatment is administered prior to or as follow up to surgical procedures for breast cancer. Proven success in using medical therapies allowing for breast conserving procedures or reducing risk of occurrence. Although there has been much progress towards a cure, including the introduction of new targeted therapies, metastasizing cancer remains highly incurable.

Download or read book Pathology of Melanocytic Tumors E Book written by Klaus J. Busam and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-07-30 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constituting a large percentage of everyday diagnostic practice, melanocytic pathology is a complex and challenging area with many difficult-to-diagnose lesions. This highly illustrated reference, written by three of the world’s leading dermatopathologists, provides authoritative guidance in the accurate diagnosis of even the most challenging pigmented skin tumors, helping you avoid pitfalls and recognize mimics. Covers nearly every variant of melanocytic tumors you’re likely to see. Emphasizes how to arrive at an efficient, accurate diagnosis, and includes dermoscopic findings for optimal diagnostic precision. Discusses modern analytic techniques (cytogenetics, molecular studies) and how to use them for diagnosis. Includes numerous case examples to illustrate the differential diagnoses and work-up; how to use ancillary techniques, along with their pros, cons, and limitations; and clinical follow-up. Presents the knowledge and experience of Klaus Busam, Pedram Gerami, and Richard Scolyer, – three dermatopathologists who are globally renowned for their expertise in melanoma pathology and analysis of melanocytic tumors by modern ancillary diagnostic techniques.

Download or read book Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer written by Fumito Ito and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a quick, expert overview of the latest clinical information and guidelines for cancer checkpoint inhibitors and their implications for specific types of cancers. This practical title by Drs. Fumito Ito and Marc Ernstoff synthesizes the most up-to-date research and clinical guidance available on immune checkpoint inhibitors and presents this information in a compact, easy-to-digest resource. It’s an ideal concise reference for trainee and practicing medical oncologists, as well as those in research. Discusses the current understanding of how to best harness the immune system against different types of cancer at various stages. Helps you translate current research and literature into practical information for daily practice. Presents information logically organized by disease site. Covers tumor immunology and biology; toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors; and future outlooks. Consolidates today’s available information on this timely topic into one convenient resource.

Download or read book Lung Cancer written by Alba Fabiola Costa Torres and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the deadliest type of cancers, lung cancer faces several challenges in diagnosis and treatment: late diagnosis and misdiagnosis, inadequate tumor sampling, and resistance development to current therapies, among others. Together with advances in the understanding of molecular features, factors, and mechanisms involved in initiation and tumor progression, important improvements have occurred in diagnostics and therapeutics in the shape of advances in molecular genotyping, procedures for sampling, new potential, and less invasive sources of samples for the diagnosis and development of new targeted therapies. The aim of this book is to provide an exciting read on strategies in the diagnosis and therapy of lung cancer.

Download or read book Prognostic factors in non small cell lung cancer written by Luciano Mutti and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-12 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Withrow and MacEwen s Small Animal Clinical Oncology written by Stephen J. Withrow and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a unique focus on the most effective interventional techniques, Withrow & MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology, 5th Edition tells the full story of cancer in dogs and cats - what it is, how to diagnose it, and how to treat many of the most common cancers encountered in clinical practice. Nearly 500 color photographs, diagrams, x-rays, and gross views depict the clinical manifestations of various cancers. This edition covers the latest advances in clinical oncology, including chemotherapy, surgical oncology, and diagnostic techniques. With contributions from 65 veterinary oncology experts, this authoritative reference is a must-have for current, evidence-based therapeutic strategies on canine and feline oncology. "I really love this book. If you are interested in veterinary oncology, have a flick through this book online or at a conference when you get the chance. I hope that you agree with me that this is the definitive oncology reference source for the early 21st century and that you feel compelled to buy it. Your patients will thank you for it." Reviewed by: Gerry Polton MA VetMB MSc(Clin Onc) DipECVIM-CA(Onc) MRCVS, UK Date: July 2014 Cutting-edge information on the complications of cancer, pain management, and the latest treatment modalities prepares you to diagnose and treat pets with cancer rather than refer cases to a specialist. A consistent format for chapters on body system tumors includes coverage of incidence and risk factors, pathology, natural behavior of tumors, history and clinical signs, diagnostic techniques and workup, treatment options, and prognosis for specific malignancies. A systems approach to the diagnosis and management of cancer facilitates access to information about the many malignancies affecting small animal patients. Nearly 500 color images provide accurate depictions of specific diseases and procedures. Helpful drug formularies provide quick access to information on indications, toxicities, and recommended dosages for chemotherapeutic and analgesic drugs used in cancer treatment. Expert contributors provide in-depth coverage of the most current information in his or her respective specialty in veterinary oncology. Chemotherapy protocols are included when case studies prove clinical efficacy. Discussion of compassion and supportive care for the management of pain, nutritional needs, and grief includes methods for handling the pet's pain and nutritional complications as well as the pet owner's grief when treatment is not successful. Thoroughly UPDATED chapters cover the most recent changes in the clinical management of melanoma, mast cell tumors, tumors of the skeletal system, tumors of the endocrine system, tumors of the mammary gland, urinary cancers, nervous system cancers, lymphoma, and histiocytic diseases. NEW Clinical Trials and Developmental Therapeutics chapter discusses the various phases of clinical trials as well as current challenges and opportunities in oncology drug development. NEW! A focus on the best recommended treatment options highlights therapeutic strategies that have been vetted by veterinary oncology experts. NEW co-author Dr. Rodney L. Page adds his valuable perspective, expertise, and research experience.

Download or read book The Link Between Inflammation and Cancer written by Angus G. Dalgleish and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-05 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A link between inflammation and cancer has been established many years ago, yet it is only recently that the potential significance of this connection has become apparent. Although several examples of chronic inflammatory conditions, often induced by persistent irritation and/or infection, developing into cancer have been known for some time, there has been a notable resistance to contemplate the possibility that this association may apply in a causative way to other cancers. Examples for such progression from chronic inflammation to cancer are colon carcinoma developing with increased frequency in patients with ulcerative colitis, and the increased incidence of bladder cancer in patients suffering from chronic Schistosoma infection. Inflammation and cancer have been recognized to be linked in another context for many years, i.e., with regards to pathologies resembling chronic lacerations or 'wounds that do not heal.' More recently, the immunology of wound healing has given us clues as to the mechanistic link between inflammation and cancer, in as much as wounds and chronic inflammation turn off local cell-mediated immune responses and switch on growth factor release as well the growth of new blood vessels - angiogenesis. Both of these are features of most types of tumours, which suggest that tumours may require an immunologically shielded milieu and a growth factor-rich environment.

Download or read book Tumor promoting Inflammation in Non small Cell Lung Cancer written by RUI LI and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in the U.S.. The overall 5-year survival of lung cancer patients is less than 20%. The majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced stage disease. While progress has been made with targeted therapies, 5-year survival has so far improved in an incremental manner. Lung cancer is characterized by a prominent inflammatory tumor microenvironment, which in turn represents an important prognostic factor in patients. Unresolved inflammatory conditions promoted by smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung diseases increase the risk of developing lung cancer. Therefore, tumor-promoting inflammation may play a significant role in cancer initiation and progression. The first part of this dissertation focuses on the effect of the tumor suppressor LKB1 on promoting an inflammatory microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Loss of function of LKB1/STK11 is evident in approximately 30% of primary NSCLC. In murine lung cancer models, Kras and Lkb1 double mutation generates highly metastatic lung tumors with different histological types. Although a variety of different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the tumor-promoting effects underlying LKB1 deficiency, no effective therapy has been applied clinically; loss of function mutations presents a therapeutic challenge. Most recently, studies have indicated that LKB1 loss favors an immune-suppressive microenvironment characterized by prominent inflammation, suggesting a new perspective for therapies. Utilizing normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) which were immortalized in the absence of viral onco-proteins, we find that knockdown of LKB1 elevates the production of multiple inflammatory proteins, among which CXCR2 ligands are the most abundantly secreted. Our data indicate that knockdown of LKB1 in HBECs leads to transcriptional and translational upregulation of CXCR2 ligands and conversely, forced expression of wild-type LKB1 in LKB1-null NSCLC tumor cells decreases CXCR2 ligand production. Non-supervised clustering analysis further reveals KRAS and LKB1 double mutation in human NSCLC cell lines predicts higher levels of CXCR2 ligands. In addition, gene expression analysis shows that CXCR2 ligands are also significantly elevated in murine KrasG12D; Lkb1-/- lung tumors compared to KrasG12D and KrasG12D; Tp53-/- tumors. Dissection of the underlying mechanisms reveals that the NF- B and WNT pathways regulate CXCR2 ligands downstream of LKB1. Surprisingly, regulation of the NF- B pathway by LKB1 is independent of AMPK, but requires the MARK family proteins. Knockdown of MARKs or inhibition of MARK function by a small chemical inhibitor in HBECs recapitulates LKB1 loss-induced NF- B activation and subsequent CXCR2 ligand upregulation. CXCR2 ligands have been reported to play an important role in tumor initiation and progression via recruitment of immune cells and endothelial cells in a variety of cancer types including NSCLC. Therefore, our findings suggest that elevation of CXCR2 ligands by LKB1 deficiency facilitates tumor development by creating a tumor-favored microenvironment. Investigating the contribution of CXCR2 ligands to LKB1-dependent malignancy may aid in the development of novel prevention as well as therapeutic strategies against LKB1-null NSCLC. The second part of this dissertation examines the impact of dysregulated inflammation on cancer progression. The plasticity of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program has been considered to be an essential element regulating cancer metastasis. Cancer cells undergoing EMT need to maintain the mesenchymal phenotype during metastasis but revert back to epithelial phenotypes for successful outgrowth of clones at metastatic sites. However, the determinants of EMT plasticity are not yet clear and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. Recently, we have found that a subset of NSCLC cells undergo EMT in the presence of cytokines including IL-1 , TNF- and TGF- (within 7 days), and this occurs concomitantly with increased cell migration and invasion. In addition, chronic exposure to these inflammatory cytokines leads to EMT memory, which refers to the phenomenon in which cells are able to maintain EMT despite withdrawal of the original stimulus. Intriguingly, in contrast to the acute EMT process, EMT memory uniquely depends on chronic cytokine exposure, and not on the signaling pathways (JNK/ERK) and transcription factors (fra-1/slug) mediating the acute EMT. Further studies demonstrate that E-cadherin is repressed via a dynamic alteration of histone modifications and subsequent DNA methylation during chronic IL-1 exposure. Furthermore, a pathway analysis of the RNA profile of these cells indicates that a large portion of the altered genes can be methylated. Phenotypically, EMT memory allows cancer cells to maintain highly migratory and invasive features during metastasis. These findings, for the first time, demonstrate that EMT memory is uniquely induced by chronic inflammation and identifies epigenetic modifications as its underlying mechanism. Better understanding of EMT will ultimately assist in the identification of targets for preventing and treating metastatic behaviors in lung cancer.

Download or read book Inflammation and Lung Cancer written by Steven M. Dubinett and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years there have been various discoveries connecting inflammation and lung cancer and clearly there is growing interest in this area of cancer research. The link between unresolved inflammation and cancer has been well established with estimates that 15% of cancer deaths are inflammation‐related. Evidence for this link includes the following: a) some inflammatory diseases are associated with increased risk of cancer development; b) inflammatory mediators are present surrounding and within most tumors; c) overexpression of inflammatory cytokines increases cancer development and progression in murine studies; d) inhibition of inflammatory mediators decreases cancer development and progression; and e) the use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been found to decrease cancer incidence and delay progression. The volume will present aspects of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME), its many roles in tumor progression and metastasis, including creation of a hypoxic environment, increased angiogenesis and invasion, changes in expression of micro‐RNAs (miRNAs) and an increase in a stem cell phenotype. The book will also cover the mechanisms of inflammatory mediators. Chronic overexpression of inflammatory mediators in the TME, as seen in smokers and patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), can also lead to increased tumor initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis. The volume will provide a comprehensive perspective of the latest findings and summaries of progress made regarding inflammation and its connection to lung cancer.

Download or read book Clinical Immunology written by Nima Rezaei and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Immunology not only introduces the reader to the human immune system, it also covers immunology from clinical manifestation to therapeutic approaches in a wide range of conditions. Each chapter describes an introduction, the clinical manifestations, the immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, lab tests and therapeutic approaches. The book guides clinicians, researchers and students to a better understanding of the matters of immunologic-based diseases that can lead to better decision-making for patients.Because of the growing knowledge regarding the function of immune system in health and disease conditions, clinicians, researchers and students increasingly require an exclusive scientific reference to guide them on matters of immunologic-based diseases. Accordingly, despite the existence of numerous high quality references in basic and cellular/molecular immunology which deeply explain different immunologic mechanisms, there is still a knowledge gap in the field of clinical immunology. Provides essentials, updates clinical knowledge regarding immune system diseases, and cover different aspects of clinical immunology, from immunopathogenesis and etiology to diagnosis and treatment Introduces the most advanced approaches and laboratory tests as well as their interpretation in the diagnosis of immune system disorders Focuses on the practical use of clinical immunology, from bedside to bench and vice versa

Download or read book Central Nervous System Metastases written by Manmeet Ahluwalia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of brain metastases, from the molecular biology aspects to therapeutic management and perspectives. Due to the increasing incidence of these tumors and the urgent need to effectively control brain metastatic diseases in these patients, new therapeutic strategies have emerged in recent years. The volume discusses all these innovative approaches combined with new surgical techniques (fluorescence, functional mapping, integrated navigation), novel radiation therapy techniques (stereotactic radiosurgery) and new systemic treatment approaches such as targeted- and immunotherapy. These combination strategies represent a new therapeutic model in brain metastatic patients in which each medical practitioner (neurosurgeon, neurologist, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist) plays a pivotal role in defining the optimal treatment in a multidisciplinary approach. Written by recognized experts in the field, this book is a valuable tool for neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, neuroradiologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, cognitive therapists, basic scientists and students working in the area of brain tumors.

Download or read book IASLC Thoracic Oncology E Book written by Harvey Pass and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global experts, in conjunction with the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, bring you up to date with today’s best approaches to lung cancer diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. IASLC Thoracic Oncology, 2nd Edition, keeps you abreast of the entire scope of this fast-changing field, from epidemiology to diagnosis to treatment to advocacy. Written in a straightforward, practical style for the busy clinician, this comprehensive, multidisciplinary title is a must-have for anyone involved in the care of patients with lung cancer and other thoracic malignancies. Offers practical, relevant coverage of basic science, epidemiology, pulmonology, medical and radiation oncology, surgery, pathology, palliative care, nursing, and advocacy. Provides authoritative guidance from the IASLC – the only global organization dedicated to the study of lung cancer. Includes new content on molecular testing, immunotherapy, early detection, staging and the IASLC staging system, surgical resection for stage I and stage II lung cancer, and stem cells in lung cancer. Features a new full-color design throughout, as well as updated diagnostic algorithms.

Download or read book Manipulating the Immunological Tumor Microenvironment written by Peng Qu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-31 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bioinformatics Analysis of Omics Data for Biomarker Identification in Clinical Research Volume II written by Lixin Cheng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-05 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Topic is part of a series with, "Bioinformatics Analysis of Omics Data for Biomarker Identification in Clinical Research - Volume I" (https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/13816/bioinformatics-analysis-of-omics-data-for-biomarker-identification-in-clinical-research) The advances and the decreasing cost of omics data enable profiling of disease molecular features at different levels, including bulk tissues, animal models, and single cells. Large volumes of omics data enhance the ability to search for information for preclinical study and provide the opportunity to leverage them to understand disease mechanisms, identify molecular targets for therapy, and detect biomarkers of treatment response. Identification of stable, predictive, and interpretable biomarkers is a significant step towards personalized medicine and therapy. Omics data from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metagenomics, and metabolomics help to determine biomarkers for prognostic and diagnostic applications. Preprocessing of omics data is of vital importance as it aims to eliminate systematic experimental bias and technical variation while preserving biological variation. Dozens of normalization methods for correcting experimental variation and bias in omics data have been developed during the last two decades, while only a few consider the skewness between different sample states, such as the extensive over-repression of genes in cancers. The choice of normalization methods determines the fate of identified biomarkers or molecular signatures. From these considerations, the development of appropriate normalization methods or preprocessing strategies may promote biomarker identification and facilitate clinical decision-making.

Download or read book Unveiling the Impact of Local or Systemic Therapeutic Strategies on the Tumor Microenvironment written by Jian Huang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-14 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Policy Issues in the Clinical Development and Use of Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-12-10 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunotherapy is a form of cancer therapy that harnesses the body's immune system to destroy cancer cells. In recent years, immunotherapies have been developed for several cancers, including advanced melanoma, lung cancer, and kidney cancer. In some patients with metastatic cancers who have not responded well to other treatments, immunotherapy treatment has resulted in complete and durable responses. Given these promising findings, it is hoped that continued immunotherapy research and development will produce better cancer treatments that improve patient outcomes. With this promise, however, there is also recognition that the clinical and biological landscape for immunotherapies is novel and not yet well understood. For example, adverse events with immunotherapy treatment are quite different from those experienced with other types of cancer therapy. Similarly, immunotherapy dosing, therapeutic responses, and response time lines are also markedly different from other cancer therapies. To examine these challenges and explore strategies to overcome them, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in February and March of 2016. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.