Download or read book The Role of Resource Availability in the Growth Distribution Survival and Physiology of Cold Temperate Tree Species written by Jose Luis Machado and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Resource Availablity in the Growth Distribution Survival and Physiology of Cold Temperate Tree Species written by Jose Luis Machado and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Assessment and Modeling of Regeneration Dynamics for Eastern White Pine Pinus Strobus L written by Jerome Allan Krueger and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study represents an analysis of regeneration processes for eastern white pine (Pinus strohus L.). The objective is to develop an integrated approach to evaluate the influence of factors that, alone and in combination, determine regeneration outcomes. This study is composed of three sections. The first chapter is a literature review of white pine regeneration dynamics. The purpose is to present a process for understanding the regeneration process of a single species and present a conceptual approach to integrated evaluation of influential variables. Six interrelated ecological factors (seed tree density, competition, disturbance, seedbed conditions, soils, and damage agents) were identified and their impact on the regeneration process is evaluated. A conceptual model of the integration approach and two examples of how this approach can be utilized in assessing regeneration operations are presented.
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trees in a Changing Environment written by Michael Tausz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book delivers current state-of-the-science knowledge of tree ecophysiology, with particular emphasis on adaptation to a novel future physical and chemical environment. Unlike the focus of most books on the topic, this considers air chemistry changes (O3, NOx, and N deposition) in addition to elevated CO2 effects and its secondary effects of elevated temperature. The authors have addressed two systems essential for plant life: water handling capacity from the perspective of water transport; the coupling of xylem and phloem water potential and flow; water and nutrition uptake via likely changes in mycorrhizal relationships; control of water loss via stomata and its retention via cellular regulation; and within plant carbon dynamics from the perspective of environmental limitations to growth, allocation to defences, and changes in partitioning to respiration. The authors offer expert knowledge and insight to develop likely outcomes within the context of many unknowns. We offer this comprehensive analysis of tree responses and their capacity to respond to environmental changes to provide a better insight in understanding likelihood for survival, as well as planning for the future with long-lived, stationary organisms adapted to the past: trees.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Cold Hardiness written by Lawrence V. Gusta and published by CABI. This book was released on 2009-07-14 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the latest research on the effects of cold and sub-zero temperatures on plant distribution, growth and yield, this comprehensive volume contains 28 chapters by international experts covering basic molecular science to broad ecological studies on the impact of global warming, and an industry perspective on transgenic approaches to abiotic stress tolerance. With a focus on integrating molecular studies in the laboratory with field research and physiological studies of whole plants in their natural environments, this book covers plant physiology, production, development, agronomy, ecology, breeding and genetics, and their applications in agriculture and horticulture.
Download or read book The Importance of Multiple Resource Limitation to Shade Tolerance and Habitat Preferences in Tropical and Temperate Tree Saplings microform written by Jennifer Lynn Baltzer and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2005 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shade tolerance is typically reported as broad categories encompassing many species that are treated as ecological equivalents and is frequently considered from a single resource perspective: namely, ability to tolerate low light. However, variable soil resources and biotic factors also characterize the light-limited understory implying a role for multiple resource limitation in shade tolerance. In the present study, I quantified whole plant light compensation point (WPLCP) for saplings of tree species of varying shade tolerance from tropical and temperate systems using growth-, survival- and gas-exchange-based methods. Species traditionally classified as shade tolerant or light demanding were positioned at extreme and opposite ends of the shade tolerance continuum while mid-tolerant's WPLCP spanned the continuum. I measured morphological and physiological sapling traits to assess their contribution to WPLCP. In both tropical and temperate species, dark respiration (at the leaf or whole plant level) was a strong predictor of WPLCP. Seed size was also a strong predictor of gas-exchange based WPLCP. Using growth- and gas-exchange-based methods I examined changes in WPLCP with variable resources achieved through the experimentally manipulating light and nutrients. Nutrient addition generally had little effect on measured traits; however, gas-exchange-based WPLCP was higher in a number of temperate species under increased nutrients. Additionally, increased nutrient availability resulted in increased chlorophyll content and leaf-level spectral absorptance for some species, which could impact low-light carbon gain. In the tropical forest, comparisons were made between closely related species pairs occurring on two soil types differing in water and nutrient availability. Species associated with dry, sandy ridges showed conservative patterns of water use achieved at the cost of higher respiration rates in comparison to species associated with the moist, rich alluvial lowlands. WPLCP of species associated with the ridgetops were greater than alluvial specialists, likely due to the metabolic costs of higher water use efficiency given the contribution of respiration rates to WPLCP. In the temperate forest, site-to-site variation in water availability resulted in variable, species-specific responses of WPLCP, growth and leaf-level gas-exchange. These results provide strong evidence of multiple resource limitation and emphasize the importance of species' responses to soil resources in shade tolerance.
Download or read book Landscape Scale Forest Composition and Spatial Structure written by Steven Kevin Friedman and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Frost Survival of Plants written by Akira Sakai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low temperature represents, together with drought and salt stress, one of the most important environmental constraints limiting the pro ductivity and the distribution of plants on the Earth. Winter survival, in particular, is a highly complex phenomenon, with regards to both stress factors and stress responses. The danger from winter cold is the result not only of its primary effect, i. e. the formation of ice in plant tissues; additional threats are presented by the freezing of water in and on the ground and by the load and duration ofthe snow cover. In recent years, a number of books and reviews on the subject of chilling and frost resistance in plants have appeared: all of these publications, however, concentrate principally on the mechanisms of injury and resistance to freezing at the cellular or molecular level. We are convinced that analysis of the ultrastructural and biochemical alterations in the cell and particularly in the plasma membrane during freezing is the key to understanding the limits of frost resistance and the mechanisms of cold acclimation. This is undoubtedly the immediate task facing those of us engaged in resistance research. It is nevertheless our opinion that, in addition to understanding the basic physiological events, we should be careful not to overlook the importance of the comparative aspects of the freezing processes, the components of stress avoidance and tolerance and the specific levels of resistance.
Download or read book Spatial Patterns of White Pine Regeneration in Relation to Seed Rain Safe Sites Competing Vegetation and Resources written by Martin Dovčiak and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Size related Variation in Tree Growth and Physiology written by Nate G. McDowell and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this dissertation was to improve our understanding of age-related constraints on aboveground production of forest trees. Previous research suggesting that carbon uptake of old trees is hydraulically constrained by tree size was used as the springboard for this research. Three specific working hypotheses were investigated: 1) compensation for height via decreasing the ratio of leaf area to sapwood area as trees become taller occurs for all tree species, 2) compensation via both physiological and structural mechanisms is insufficient to prevent age- or height-related reductions in stomatal conductance and photosynthesis of Douglas-fir, and 3) removal of competition via stand density reductions allows old ponderosa pine to increase growth via increased stomatal conductance. I found that, for most species in which data were available, the ratio of leaf area to sapwood area declines as trees become taller. This response should act to maintain leaf-specific hydraulic sufficiency as trees become taller. This decline was observed both within- and between-species growing in wet vs. dry climates, and for broadleaf and needleleaf species. Two species (Norway spruce and Balsam fir) increased the ratio with height, showing that compensation for hydraulic constraints via reducing leaf area per unit sapwood area is not a universal response. In Douglas-fir trees ranging in height from 15 m to 60 m, hydraulic limitation and compensation co-occur. Growth efficiency, stomatal conductance as indexed using stable carbon isotopes, and leaf-specific hydraulic conductance declined as trees became taller. A simple model based on Darcy's Law showed that the observed 44% decline in hydraulic conductance with increasing tree height would have been greater than 70% had the leaf area to sapwood area ratio and the soil-to-leaf water potential not changed in concert with height. I observed that growth and carbon isotope discrimination of 250-year-old ponderosa pine are very sensitive to increasing moisture availability after stand density reductions. The assumptions that old trees are unable to respond to increased growing space, or that they are genetically predisposed to grow slowly, were shown to be false. Together, these results support the theory that hydraulic constraints to tree height exist. Furthermore, these studies show that resource availability and hydraulic compensation can mitigate size-induced changes in hydraulic conductance and stomatal conductance. Future research on the mechanisms of age-related growth decline should focus on testing multiple hypotheses within the same set of forests. Incorporation of model predictions of each hypothesis will allow estimation of the relative role of each potential mechanism. Future research on the hydraulic limitation hypothesis should investigate the consequences of compensation for hydraulic driving forces-such as height-induced reductions in liquid phase conductance-on gas exchange and carbon allocation.
Download or read book Physiology of Trees written by A. S. Raghavendra and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1991-11-08 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth and development. Ecological responses. Special topics and applications.
Download or read book Plant Growth and Climate Change written by James I. L. Morison and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence grows daily of the changing climate and its impact on plants and animals. Plant function is inextricably linked to climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. On the shortest and smallest scales, the climate affects the plant’s immediate environment and so directly influences physiological processes. At larger scales, the climate influences species distribution and community composition, as well as the viability of different crops in managed ecosystems. Plant growth also influences the local, regional and global climate, through the exchanges of energy and gases between the plants and the air around them. Plant Growth and Climate Change examines the major aspects of how anthropogenic climate change affects plants, focusing on several key determinants of plant growth: atmospheric CO2, temperature, water availability and the interactions between these factors. The book demonstrates the variety of techniques used across plant science: detailed physiology in controlled environments; observational studies based on long-term data sets; field manipulation experiments and modelling. It is directed at advanced-level university students, researchers and professionals across the range of plant science disciplines, including plant physiology, plant ecology and crop science. It will also be of interest to earth system scientists.
Download or read book Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States written by Therese M. Poland and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Download or read book Physiology of Woody Plants written by Stephen G. Pallardy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-07-20 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Woody plants such as trees have a significant economic and climatic influence on global economies and ecologies. This completely revised classic book is an up-to-date synthesis of the intensive research devoted to woody plants published in the second edition, with additional important aspects from the authors' previous book, Growth Control in Woody Plants. Intended primarily as a reference for researchers, the interdisciplinary nature of the book makes it useful to a broad range of scientists and researchers from agroforesters, agronomists, and arborists to plant pathologists and soil scientists. This third edition provides crutial updates to many chapters, including: responses of plants to elevated CO2; the process and regulation of cambial growth; photoinhibition and photoprotection of photosynthesis; nitrogen metabolism and internal recycling, and more. Revised chapters focus on emerging discoveries of the patterns and processes of woody plant physiology. * The only book to provide recommendations for the use of specific management practices and experimental procedures and equipment*Updated coverage of nearly all topics of interest to woody plant physiologists* Extensive revisions of chapters relating to key processes in growth, photosynthesis, and water relations* More than 500 new references * Examples of molecular-level evidence incorporated in discussion of the role of expansion proteins in plant growth; mechanism of ATP production by coupling factor in photosynthesis; the role of cellulose synthase in cell wall construction; structure-function relationships for aquaporin proteins
