Download or read book The Role of Metabolism in Stem Cell Fates written by Anthony Scimè and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-21 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine written by Carlos Simón and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cell science has the potential to impact human reproductive medicine significantly - cutting edge technologies allow the production and regeneration of viable gametes from human stem cells offering potential to preciously infertile patients. Written by leading experts in the field Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine brings together chapters on the genetics and epigenetics of both the male and female gametes as well as advice on the production and regeneration of gene cells in men and women, trophoblasts and endometrium from human embryonic and adult stem cells. Although focussing mainly on the practical elements of the use of stem cells in reproductive medicine, the book also contains a section on new developments in stem cell research. The book is essential reading for reproductive medicine clinicians, gynecologists and embryologists who want to keep abreast of practical developments in this rapidly developing field.
Download or read book Regulation of Stem Cell Metabolism by the Lin28 let 7 Axis written by Shyh Chang Ng and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surprisingly, we found that Thr-Gly-S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) metabolism consistently showed the best correlation with pluripotency. 13Carbon isotope metabolomics further revealed that Thr was catabolized to generate Gly and acetyl-CoA, and ultimately SAM - essential for all methylation reactions. Thr is required for SAM and histone H3K4 methylation in mouse ESCs, thus regulating the open euchromatin and pluripotency of ESCs. Our study shed light on a novel amino acid pathway in stem cells, and demonstrated that metabolic conditions can direct cell fate. In summary, my work has helped us to understand how we can reprogram and manipulate metabolic networks to regulate stem cell homeostasis.
Download or read book Navigating Metabolism written by Navdeep Singh Chandel and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Metabolic pathways used to be "road maps" most biologists learned as undergraduates and then promptly forgot. Recent work has revealed how changes in metabolism are closely linked to many aspects of cell behavior and the development of cancer and other diseases. This book represents both a new look at metabolism and a refresher course. It surveys the major metabolic pathways, places these in biological context, and highlights the key control points that control cell behavior and can become dysregulated in disease"--
Download or read book Investigating the Role of Metabolism in Tissue Homeostasis and Tumor Initiation by Hair Follicle Stem Cells written by Aimee Alyssa Flores and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For an increasing number of cancers, the cell of origin has been demonstrated to be the resident adult stem cell. One such cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, for which recent studies in our lab traced its origin to the hair follicle stem cells. Malignant transformation is thought to coincide with a dramatic shift towards the use of glycolysis and establishment of a 'Warburg' state - increased metabolism of glucose to lactate. How the Warburg Effect is established during tumor initiation and progression in vivo remains unclear. The current consensus is that the bulk of the energy generated in most adult tissue cells is created by oxidative phosphorylation, while more highly proliferative cells, such as activated immune cells and cells transformed to make a tumor, mainly use glycolysis. Little is known about how individual cell types generate energy in vivo, however, and how their metabolism influences basic cell fate decisions such as cell division, migration or differentiation. Using genetically engineered mouse models that allow the study of both tissue homeostasis and the Warburg Effect in vivo, I have made important observations that provide the basis for new investigations into the role of metabolism in key cell fate decisions by adult stem cells. In this dissertation I present data indicating that hair follicle stem cells possess a unique metabolic profile that may be critical for their maintenance and for their response to oncogenic insults. Importantly, they suggest the possibility that the "Warburg Effect" is the result of the expansion of an already glycolytic subpopulation, namely the hair follicle stem cells.
Download or read book Human Embryonic Stem Cells written by Jon Odorico and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2004-02-01 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first successful isolation and cultivation of human embryonic stem cells at the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1998, there has been high levels of both interest and controversy in this area of research. This book provides a concise overview of an exciting field, covering the characteristics of both human embryonic stem cells and pluripotent stem cells from other human cell lineages. The following chapters describe state-of-the-art differentiation and characterization of specific ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm-derived lineages from human embryonic stem cells, emphasizing how these can be used to study human developmental mechanisms. A further chapter discusses genetic manipulation of human ES cells. The concluding section covers therapeutic applications of human ES cells, as well as addressing the ethical and legal issues that this research have raised.
Download or read book Glycolytic Metabolism Plays a Functional Role in Regulating Human Pluripotent Stem Cell State written by Wen Gu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rate of glycolytic metabolism changes during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells. However, the functional contribution of glycolytic metabolism to pluripotency is unclear. Here we show that the degree of pluripotency is associated with glycolytic rate, whereby naive hESCs exhibit increased glycolytic flux, MYC transcriptional activity, and nuclear localization of N-MYC relative to primed hESCs. This is consistent with the inner cell mass of human blastocysts which exhibit increased MYC transcriptional activity relative primed hESCs and elevated nuclear N-MYC levels. Reduction of glycolysis decreases self-renewal of naive hESCs and feeder-free cultured primed hESCs, but not primed hESCs grown in feeder-supported conditions. Reduction of glycolysis in feeder-free primed hESCs also enhances neural specification. These findings reveal associations between glycolytic metabolism and the state of pluripotency, differences in the metabolism of feeder- versus feeder-free cultured hESCs, and identify methods for regulating self-renewal and initial cell fate specification of hESCs.
Download or read book Human Adult Stem Cells written by John Masters and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-06-04 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of volume 7 of Human Cell Culture is to provide clear and precise methods for growing primary cultures of adult stem cells from various human tissues and describe culture conditions in which these adult stem cells differentiate along their respective lineages. The book will be of value to biomedical scientists and of special interest to stem cell biologists and tissue engineers. Each chapter is written by experts actively involved in growing human adult stem cells.
Download or read book Engineering of Stem Cells written by Ulrich Martin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-15 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I am very pleased to present this volume on engineering stem cells in Advances in Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology. This volume stays abreast of recent developments in stem cell biology and the high expectations concerning the dev- opment of stem cell based regenerative therapies. Regenerative medicine is the focus of current biomedical research, with unique challenges related to scientific, technical and ethical issues of stem cell research, and the potential added value of connecting biomedicine with enabling techno- gies such as materials sciences, mechanical- and nano-engineering. Research activities in regenerative medicine include strategies in endogenous regeneration of injured or degenerated tissues by means of gene therapy or cell transplantation, as well as complex approaches to replace or reconstruct lost or malformed tissue structures, by applying tissue engineering approaches. In most cases, the speci- ized functional cell types of interest cannot be isolated from the diseased organ or expanded to a sufficient degree, and various stem and progenitor cell types rep- sent the only applicable cell source. In almost all cases, stem cells have to be engineered, sometimes for functional improvement, in many cases to produce large numbers of cells, and frequently to achieve efficient and specific differentiation in the cell type(s) of interest.
Download or read book Preimplantation Embryo Development written by Barry D. Bavister and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the Proceedings of the Serono Symposium on Pre implantation Embryo Development, held in Newton, Massachusetts, in 1991. The idea for the symposium grew out of the 1989 Serono Symposium on Fertilization in Mammals* at which preimplantation development was the predominant suggestion for a follow-up topic. This was indeed a timely subject in view of the recent resurgence of interest in this funda mental phase of embryogenesis and its relevance to basic research and applied fertility studies in humans, food-producing animals, and endangered species. The symposium brought together speakers from a broad range of disciplines in order to focus on key regulatory mechanisms in embryo development, using a wide variety of animal models, and on representative topics in human preimplantation embryogenesis. The culmination of preimplantation development is a blastocyst con taining the first differentiated embryonic tissues and capable of initiating and sustaining pregnancy. The central objective of the symposium was to throw light on the regulation of cellular and molecular events underlying blastocyst formation. It was particularly appropriate that the date of the symposium marked the 20th anniversary of the publication of the classic volume Biology of the Blastocyst, the proceedings of an international workshop held in 1970. This book, which summarized most of the information then available on this topic in mammals, was edited by the pioneer in blastocyst research, Dr. Richard B1andau, who was the guest speaker at the symposium.
Download or read book Protein Carbonylation written by Joaquim Ros and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein carbonylation has attracted the interest of a great number of laboratories since the pioneering studies at the Earl Stadtman’s lab at NIH started in early 1980s. Since then, detecting protein carbonyls in oxidative stress situations became a highly efficient tool to uncover biomarkers of oxidative damage in normal and altered cell physiology. In this book, research groups from several areas of interest have contributed to update the knowledge regarding detection, analyses and identification of carbonylated proteins and the sites where these modifications occur. The scientific community will benefit from these reviews since they deal with specific, detailed technical approaches to study formation and detection of protein carbonyls. Moreover, the biological impact of such modifications in metabolic, physiologic and structural functions and, how these alterations can help understanding the downstream effects on cell function are discussed. Oxidative stress occurs in all living organisms and affects proteins and other macromolecules: Protein carbonylation is a measure of oxidative stress in biological systems Mass spectrometry, fluorescent labelling, antibody based detection, biotinylated protein selection and other methods for detecting protein carbonyls and modification sites in proteins are described Aging, neurodegenerative diseases, obstructive pulmonary diseases, malaria, cigarette smoke, adipose tissue and its relationship with protein carbonylation Direct oxidation, glycoxidation and modifications by lipid peroxidation products as protein carbonylation pathways Emerging methods for characterizing carbonylated protein networks and affected metabolic pathways
Download or read book Deciphering Metabolic Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calcium Signaling written by Md. Shahidul Islam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-23 with total page 1110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a unique selection of chapters covering a wealth of contemporary topics in this ubiquitous and diverse system of cell signaling. It offers much more than the accessibility and authority of a primary text book, exploring topics ranging from the fundamental aspects of calcium signaling to its varied clinical implications. It presents comprehensive discussion of cutting-edge research alongside detailed analysis of critical issues, at the same time as setting out testable hypotheses that point the way to future scientific endeavors. The contributions feature material on theoretical and methodological topics as well as related subjects including mathematical modeling and simulations. They examine calcium signaling in a host of contexts, from mammalian cells to bacteria, fruit fly and zebrafish. With much of interest to newcomers to the field as well as seasoned experts, this new publication is both wide-ranging and authoritative. The chapter “Calcium Signaling: From Basic to Bedside” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols written by Kursad Turksen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in two volumes, this completely updated and expanded edition of Embryonic Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols provides a diverse collection of readily reproducible cellular and molecular protocols for the manipulation of nonhuman embryonic stem cells. Volume one, Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols: Isolation and Characterization, Second Edition, provides a diverse collection of readily reproducible cellular and molecular protocols for the isolation, maintenance, and characterization of embryonic stem cells. The second volume, Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols: Differentiation Models, Second Edition, covers state-of-the-art methods for deriving many types of differentiating cells from ES cells. Together, the two volumes illuminate for both novices and experts our current understanding of the biology of embryonic stem cells and their utility in normal tissue homeostasis and regenerative medicine applications.
Download or read book Computational Stem Cell Biology written by Patrick Cahan and published by Humana. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details methods and protocols to further the study of stem cells within the computational stem cell biology (CSCB) field. Chapters are divided into four sections covering the theory and practice of modeling of stem cell behavior, analyzing single cell genome-scale measurements, reconstructing gene regulatory networks, and metabolomics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Computational Stem Cell Biology: Methods and Protocols will be an invaluable guide to researchers as they explore stem cells from the perspective of computational biology.
Download or read book Stem Cell Epigenetics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-08-07 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms play a central role in stem cell biology and are vital for determining gene expression during cellular differentiation and governing mammalian development. In Stem Cell Epigenetics, leading international researchers examine how chromatin regulation and bona fide epigenetic mechanisms underlie stem cell renewal and differentiation. Authors also explore how the diversity of cell types, including the extent revealed by single cell omic approaches, is achieved, and how such processes may be reversed or managed via epigenetic reprogramming. Topics discussed include chromatin in pluripotency, stem cells and DNA methylation, histone modifications in stem cells and differentiation, higher-order chromatin conformation in pluripotent cells, stem cells and cancer, epigenetics and disease modeling, brain organoids from pluripotent cells, transcriptional regulation in stem cells and differentiation, non-coding RNAs in pluripotency and early differentiation, and diseases caused by epigenetic alterations in stem cells. Additionally, the book discusses the potential implementation of stem cell epigenetics in drug discovery, regenerative medicine, and disease treatment. Stem Cell Epigenetics will provide researchers and physicians with a state-of-the-art map to orient across the frontiers of this fast-evolving field. Analyzes the role of epigenetics in embryonic stem cell regulation Indicates the epigenetic mechanisms involved in stem cell differentiation and highlights modifications and misregulations that may result in disease pathogenesis Examines the potential applications of stem cell epigenetics in therapeutic disease interventions and regenerative medicine, providing a foundation for researchers and physicians to bring this exciting and fast-evolving field into a clinical setting Features chapter contributions by leading international experts
Download or read book The Role of Glutamine in Primed Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate written by Vivian Lu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human pluripotent stem cells can self-renew indefinitely or be induced to differentiate into the three embryonic germ lineages: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Multiple studies show that reconfiguring metabolic pathway activities influences the fate of pluripotent stem cells through metabolite-regulated changes in intracellular signal transduction pathways and the epigenome. Through these and potentially additional mechanisms, the conversion of available nutrients into metabolite fluxes and steady-state levels can tip the balance between pluripotent stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, although which nutrients and metabolites favor specific cell fate decisions are largely unidentified. Glutamine participates in a wide variety of cellular processes beyond biomass and energy-producing reactions in pluripotent and adult-type stem cells. We showed that endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm all consume abundant glutamine supplied in cell culture media. Additionally, exogenous glutamine withdrawal biased spontaneous human pluripotent stem cell differentiation toward ectoderm and away from mesoderm. However, a mechanism for this nutrient-directed cell fate bias was, until recently, unknown. We uncovered that while all three germ lineages are capable of de novo glutamine synthesis, only ectoderm generates sufficient glutamine to sustain cell viability and differentiation, clarifying lineage fate restrictions observed with glutamine withdrawal. While exogenous glutamine is dispensable for ectoderm, complete glutamine starvation obliterates this lineage, suggesting a critical role for glutamine in ectoderm specification. We uncovered that glutamine fulfillment of mTORC1 activation, but not biosynthetic demands and protein translation, is critical for initiating ectoderm fate commitment. Glutamine acts as a signaling molecule to activate mTORC1 signaling in ectoderm that supersedes lineage-specifying cytokine induction. In contrast, glutamine in mesoderm and endoderm serves as the preferred precursor of a-ketoglutarate without a direct role in cell fate signaling. Our findings show that a nutrient acts as a signaling molecule to control cell fate, raising a question about whether the nutrient environment functions directly in cell differentiation during development. For these reasons, we hypothesize that intracellular glutamine may help coordinate differentiation of the three embryonic germ layers. Differing patterns of nutrient availability occur during early embryonic germ lineage differentiation. Interestingly, transcriptome analysis of a gastrulation-stage human embryo shows unique glutamine enzyme-encoding gene expression patterns may also distinguish germ lineages in vivo. In summary, these findings reveal critical roles for metabolic regulation and nutrient signaling during early embryonic development.
