Download or read book The Role of Dietary Interventions in The Regulation of Host Microbe Interactions written by Zongxin Ling and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Role of Dietary Interventions in The Regulation of Host Microbe Interactions Volume II written by Zongxin Ling and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-05 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Understanding the Role of Dietary Phytochemicals and Vitamin B12 in Host microbe Interactions to Support Host Gut Integrity and Health written by Andrew Forgie and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet is a strong modifier of gut host-microbe interactions that alter host physiology and immunity against pathogenic bacteria. Some dietary components are required to support host defences that maintain gut homeostasis and symbiosis, whereas others can be detrimental, leading to changes in microbial communities and impaired intestinal barrier function and immunity. In this thesis, a mouse model of infectious Citrobacter rodentium was used to challenge the effects of phytochemical and vitamin B12 consumption on intestinal ecology and integrity to promote health. The fiber and phytochemical content in the seed coat of peas (Pisum sativum) has been associated with beneficial health outcomes, including weight and cardiovascular health; however, the indirect effects of peas by host-microbe interactions remain poorly understood. To determine the effect of pea phytochemicals and fiber on host-microbe interactions and intestinal health, the seed coat of two cultivars of peas rich and poor in proanthocyanidins were fed to mice as raw or acid hydrolyzed fractions. In accordance with a previous study, the acid hydrolyzed anthocyanidin fraction reduced weight gain in mice fed a high fat diet. Supplementation of both pea seed coat fractions altered the microbial communities and encouraged pathogen colonization by day three post-infection; however, the proanthocyanidin containing diet had a more robust antimicrobial affect and consistently led to higher pathogen loads as determined by fecal enumeration. Acid hydrolysis processing to both pea fractions reduced the effects on the microbiota and ability of C. rodentium to colonize the gut. In addition, pea phytochemicals increased mucin accumulation in the intestinal lumen, and this may have contributed to the improved ability of C. rodentium to colonize the gut. This study shows how pea phytochemicals directly contributes to microbial ecology and provides insight into how their antimicrobial and mucin accumulating activities affect the gut environment and pathogen colonization resistance. The effect of mucin accumulation in the gastrointestinal lumen in response to phytochemicals has previously been associated with beneficial health outcomes. Since our study shows that increased mucin corresponded with higher levels of C. rodentium colonization, we set out to determine the contributions of mucin to gut ecology and the dietary phytochemicals that stimulate their effects in the gut. Germ-free mice fed the proanthocyanidin-rich containing fraction stimulated mucin accumulation in the feces, indicating that phytochemicals directly impact the mucus layer independently of the microbiota. Supplementing both the red-osier dogwood extract, a hydrolysable tannin, and our non-hydrolysable proanthocyanidin-rich pea fraction led to greater mucin levels in the feces of conventional mice compared to control. The increase in mucin corresponded to an enrichment in Lachnospiraceae and Clostridium leptum species and a reduction in Romboutsia species in the colon. This study provides insight into how dietary phytochemicals impact specific members of the Firmicutes population and shows that a common compound is likely directing the increased fecal mucin phenotype independently of the gut microbiota. Vitamin B12 is a known modulator of the microbial ecosystem. To determine how B12 impacts the gastrointestinal microbiota, we supplemented it in drinking water at 100 times the amount found in diet and challenged mice with C. rodentium. Survival and early colonization models show that mice supplemented B12 were more susceptible to pathogen colonization and virulence. Cecal meta-transcriptomics revealed that the activities of the Firmicutes population was altered by B12 supplementation and this contributed to a more virulent C. rodentium population as confirmed by reduced glucosidase activity and increased virulence genes. In addition, host interleukin-12p40 cytokine levels were higher from B12 supplementation prior to infection and was determined to be dependent on the microbiota. Collectively, this thesis adds to our understanding of diet-microbe-host interactions that impact intestinal integrity as to improve nutritional strategies and therapies to combat infectious disease and improve health.

Download or read book The Human Microbiome Diet and Health written by Food Forum and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Food Forum convened a public workshop on February 22-23, 2012, to explore current and emerging knowledge of the human microbiome, its role in human health, its interaction with the diet, and the translation of new research findings into tools and products that improve the nutritional quality of the food supply. The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health: Workshop Summary summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. Over the two day workshop, several themes covered included: The microbiome is integral to human physiology, health, and disease. The microbiome is arguably the most intimate connection that humans have with their external environment, mostly through diet. Given the emerging nature of research on the microbiome, some important methodology issues might still have to be resolved with respect to undersampling and a lack of causal and mechanistic studies. Dietary interventions intended to have an impact on host biology via their impact on the microbiome are being developed, and the market for these products is seeing tremendous success. However, the current regulatory framework poses challenges to industry interest and investment.

Download or read book Diet Microbe Interactions in the Gut written by Kieran Tuohy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-08-04 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on expert opinions from the fields of nutrition, gut microbiology, mammalian physiology, and immunology, Diet-Microbe Interactions for Human Health investigates the evidence for a unified disease mechanism working through the gut and its resident microbiota, and linking many inflammation-related chronic diet associated diseases. State of the art post-genomic studies can highlight the important role played by our resident intestinal microbiota in determining human health and disease. Many chronic human diseases associated with modern lifestyles and diets — including those localized to the intestinal tract like inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease, and more pervasive systemic conditions such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease — are characterized by aberrant profiles of gut bacteria or their metabolites. Many of these diseases have an inflammatory basis, often presenting with a chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, hinting at persistent and inappropriate activation of inflammatory pathways. Through the presentation and analysis of recent nutrition studies, this book discusses the possible mechanisms underpinning the disease processes associated with these pathologies, with high fat diets appearing to predispose to disease, and biologically active plant components, mainly fiber and polyphenols, appearing to reduce the risk of chronic disease development. - One comprehensive, translational source for all aspects of nutrition and diet's effect on gastrointestinal health and disease - Experts in nutrition, diet, microbiology and immunology take readers from the bench research (cellular and biochemical mechanisms of vitamins and nutrients) to new preventive and therapeutic approaches - Clear presentations by leading researchers of the cellular mechanisms underlying diet, immune response, and gastrointestinal disease help practicing nutritionists and clinicians (gastroenterologists, endocrinologists) map out new areas for clinical research and structuring clinical recommendations

Download or read book Nutrition and Immunology written by Ranjit Kumar Chandra and published by Alan R. Liss. This book was released on 1988 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This book presents the current views of some of the leading investigators in the field of nutrition and immunology. Recent work has unravelled the molecular and cellular basis of impaired immunocompetence in nutritional deficiencies. These discoveries have led to several practical applications. This volume is intended for those working in this area of science.

Download or read book Human Microbiome written by Mohsin Khurshid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Missing Microbes written by Martin J. Blaser, MD and published by Henry Holt and Company. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “In Missing Microbes, Martin Blaser sounds [an] alarm. He patiently and thoroughly builds a compelling case that the threat of antibiotic overuse goes far beyond resistant infections.”—Nature Renowned microbiologist Dr. Martin J. Blaser invites us into the wilds of the human microbiome, where for hundreds of thousands of years bacterial and human cells have existed in a peaceful symbiosis that is responsible for the equilibrium and health of our bodies. Now this invisible Eden is under assault from our overreliance on medical advances including antibiotics and caesarian sections, threatening the extinction of our irreplaceable microbes and leading to severe health consequences. Taking us into the lab to recount his groundbreaking studies, Blaser not only provides elegant support for his theory, he guides us to what we can do to avoid even more catastrophic health problems in the future. “Missing Microbes is science writing at its very best—crisply argued and beautifully written, with stunning insights about the human microbiome and workable solutions to an urgent global crisis.”—David M. Oshinsky, author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning Polio: An American Story

Download or read book Understanding and Exploiting Host Commensal Interactions to Combat Pathogens written by Sudhanshu Shekhar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-14 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trillions of commensal microbes reside on and inside the human body, including the intestinal and respiratory tracts, which encompass various microbial taxa, such as bacteria, fungi, archea and viruses. The close proximity of microbes with the host provides an opportunity to continually interact with each other. Advances in research approaches, including high-throughput sequencing, have allowed us to study host and commensal microbes at the genetic and functional levels. Recent studies suggest that commensal microbes play a crucial role in the development of the host’s immune system and induce innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens. It is also becoming apparent that the gut commensals are endowed with a capacity to alter immune responses in organs beyond the intestine, such as the lungs, highlighting the significance of the gut commensals in controlling systemic immunity. On the other hand, the host’s immune system possesses the ability to shape the repertoire of commensal microbes and contribute to the establishment of beneficial relationships with them. A better understanding of host-commensal interactions will be important for designing effective vaccines and therapeutics against pathogens. This Research Topic sheds light on our current understanding of the interplay between the host’s immune system and commensal microbes and how this interplay can be exploited for prophylactic and/or therapeutic strategies against pathogens.

Download or read book Microbial Endocrinology The Microbiota Gut Brain Axis in Health and Disease written by Mark Lyte and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-05 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of microbial endocrinology is expressly devoted to understanding the mechanisms by which the microbiota (bacteria within the microbiome) interact with the host (“us”). This interaction is a two-way street and the driving force that governs these interactions are the neuroendocrine products of both the host and the microbiota. Chapters include neuroendocrine hormone-induced changes in gene expression and microbial endocrinology and probiotics. This is the first in a series of books dedicated to understanding how bi-directional communication between host and bacteria represents the cutting edge of translational medical research, and hopefully identifies new ways to understand the mechanisms that determine health and disease.​

Download or read book Gut Health The New Paradigm in Food Animal Production written by Ryan J. Arsenault and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gut health and specifically the gut microbiome-host interaction is currently a major research topic across the life sciences. In the case of animal sciences research into animal production and health, the gut has been a continuous area of interest. Production parameters such as growth and feed efficiency are entirely dependent on optimum gut health. In addition, the gut is a major immune organ and one of the first lines of defense in animal disease. Recent changes in animal production management and feed regulations, both regulatory and consumer driven, have placed added emphasis on finding ways to optimize gut health in novel and effective ways. In this volume we bring together original research and review articles covering three major categories of gut health and animal production: the gut microbiome, mucosal immunology, and feed-based interventions. Included within these categories is a broad range of scientific expertise and experimental approaches that span food animal production. Our goal in bringing together the articles on this research topic is to survey the current knowledge on gut health in animal production. The following 15 articles include knowledge and perspectives from researchers from multiple countries and research perspectives, all with the central goal of improving animal health and production.

Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se

Download or read book Nutritional Impacts the Health and Physiology of the Avian Gastro intestinal Tract written by Krystyna Pierzchała-Koziec and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-09-10 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physiology of birds is regulated by the interplay internally between the gastrointestinal functioning, endocrine, nervous and defensive systems (immune and anti-oxidative). Acting on these are external factors such as nutrition and the gastrointestinal microbiome. One focus of this Research Topic is the importance of various nutritional physiological approaches, the parameters to be employed and an assessment of their reliability and feasibility. Aims of this topic include the following: 1) Identify specific interventions to facilitate the elimination of food borne pathogens in poultry 2) Develop nutritional strategies to reduce food borne colonization in poultry and reduce prevalence of food borne pathogens in poultry products Increasing numbers of poultry are raised without antibiotics. There is growing attention to using dietary supplements to replace antibiotics, to alter intestinal microbial populations, to stimulate antioxidative and immune systems and to improve overall intestinal health. This Research Topic will include a focus on determining the viability of nutritional intervention like probiotics and non-antibiotic growth promoters, alone or in combination, as a means to mitigate food borne contamination, particularly in the context of an antibiotic-free setting. Particular attention will be paid in determining the effects of dietary supplements on intestinal integrity, gene expression, antioxidative systems and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Reviews and research papers, among other article types, on all aspects of the interactions between nutrition, physiology and microbiology in birds, particularly poultry.

Download or read book Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Arthritis and Related Inflammatory Diseases written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-26 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Arthritis and Inflammatory Diseases, Second Edition is a valuable scientific resource that focuses on the latest advances in bioactive food research and the potential benefit of bioactive food choice on arthritis. Written by experts from around the world, the book presents important information that can help improve the health of those at risk for arthritis and related conditions using food selection as its foundation. - Serves as a starting point for in-depth discussions in academic settings - Offers detailed, well-documented reviews outlining the ability of bioactive foods to improve and treat arthritis - Includes updated research on the global epidemic of diabetes - Updated with current research on antioxidant flavonoids, anti-Inflammatory natural foods, ginger and the effects of beef on inflammation - Documents foods that can affect metabolic syndrome and ways the associated information could be used to understand other diseases that share common etiological pathways

Download or read book Environmental Chemicals the Human Microbiome and Health Risk written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great number of diverse microorganisms inhabit the human body and are collectively referred to as the human microbiome. Until recently, the role of the human microbiome in maintaining human health was not fully appreciated. Today, however, research is beginning to elucidate associations between perturbations in the human microbiome and human disease and the factors that might be responsible for the perturbations. Studies have indicated that the human microbiome could be affected by environmental chemicals or could modulate exposure to environmental chemicals. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk presents a research strategy to improve our understanding of the interactions between environmental chemicals and the human microbiome and the implications of those interactions for human health risk. This report identifies barriers to such research and opportunities for collaboration, highlights key aspects of the human microbiome and its relation to health, describes potential interactions between environmental chemicals and the human microbiome, reviews the risk-assessment framework and reasons for incorporating chemicalâ€"microbiome interactions.

Download or read book Nutrition Across the Lifespan for Healthy Aging written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-06-11 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine trends and patterns in aging and factors related to healthy aging in the United States, with a focus on nutrition, and how nutrition can sustain and promote healthy aging, not just in late adulthood, but beginning in pregnancy and early childhood and extending throughout the lifespan. Participants discussed the role of nutrition in the aging process at various stages in life, changes in organ systems over the lifespan and changes that occur with age related to cognitive, brain, and mental health, and explored opportunities to move forward in promoting healthy aging in the United States. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Download or read book Microbial Endocrinology written by Mark Lyte and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial endocrinology represents a newly emerging interdisciplinary field that is formed by the intersection of the fields of neurobiology and microbiology. This book will introduce a new perspective to the current understanding not only of the factors that mediate the ability of microbes to cause disease, but also to the mechanisms that maintain normal homeostasis. The discovery that microbes can directly respond to neuroendocrine hormones, as evidenced by increased growth and production of virulence-associated factors, provides for a new framework with which to investigate how microorganisms interface not only with vertebrates, but also with invertebrates and even plants. The reader will learn that the neuroendocrine hormones that one most commonly associates with mammals are actually found throughout the plant, insect and microbial communities to an extent that will undoubtedly surprise many, and most importantly, how interactions between microbes and neuroendocrine hormones can influence the pathophysiology of infectious disease.