Download or read book The Rise of China s Middle Class and the Prospects for Democratization Lipset s Economic Modernization Theory ASEAN Taiwan Transition Confucius Versus Realists Industrialization Urbanization written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-17 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Deng Xiaoping instituted economic reforms under the "reform and open" policy in 1978, the Chinese Communist Party has overseen a gradualist approach to modernizing China's economy. A new Chinese middle class has emerged with China's economic reforms and economic growth. According to Seymour Martin Lipset's modernization theory, there is a strong relationship between socioeconomic development and the emergence of democratic politics. The growth of an educated middle class, according to Lipset, will demand democratization as a means to achieve more participation in politics. This thesis assesses the validity of Lipset's argument that socioeconomic development is likely to result in a democratic transition through the growth of a liberal middle class in the case of contemporary China. This assessment assesses how closely China's middle class fits Lipset's model and whether China's middle class displays characteristics that suggest that Lipset's framework of democratization will hold true in China. Since spreading democracy around the world was reasserted as a long-range U.S. objective in the early 1990s, attention has focused on prospects for democratization in China. This thesis illuminates the political implications of China's growing middle class and argues that China's economic modernization does not guarantee democratization. This is important because the rationale for American politics of engagement with China rests in part on the assertion that economic growth over the long run may lead to China's democratization. CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION * A. PURPOSE * B. CONCEPTUAL SIGNIFICANCE * C. LITERATURE REVIEW * 1. Approaches to Democratization * 2. Perspectives on Classes and Democratic Behaviors * 3. Taiwan as a Case Study * 4. Opinions on U.S. Implications * 5. Overall Literature Assessment * D. METHODOLOGY * E. SOURCES * F. THESIS SYNOPSIS * CHAPTER II - REQUISITES FOR DEMOCRACY * A. INTRODUCTION * B. LIPSET'S MODEL * 1. Industrialization * 2. Urbanization * 3. Education * 4. Wealth * C. SUPPORTING AND OPPOSING ARGUMENTS * 1. Huntington's Argument: Supporting * 2. Przeworski's Argument: Opposing * 3. Pei's Argument: The Reality in China * D. QUANTIFYING THE GROWTH OF CHINA'S MIDDLE CLASS * E. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER III - CHINA'S MIDDLE CLASS IN DEMOCRATIZATION * A. INTRODUCTION * B. THE ROLE OF THE MIDDLE CLASS IN DEMOCRATIZATION * C. WHO IS CHINA'S MIDDLE CLASS * 1. Liberal versus Conservative * 2. Confucius versus Realists * D. THE PROSPECTS FOR FAILURE * E. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER IV - TAIWAN CASE STUDY: ASIAN MIDDLE CLASS AT WORK * A. INTRODUCTION * B. THE TWO ECONOMIES: THE RISE OF TAIWAN AND CHINA * 1. The Comparison * 2. The Contrast * 3. Conclusion * C. THE TWO STATES * 1. The Taiwanese Roadmap and how the PRC is Already on It * 2. The PRC's Path to a Taiwanese Roadmap of Transition * 3. Conclusion * CHAPTER V - REPLICATING TAIWAN'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT * A. INTRODUCTION * B. THE ROLE OF WAR * C. THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES * D. ROLE OF THE STATE * E. THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC AND NON-ECONOMIC FACTORS * F. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER VI - CONCLUSION * A. INTRODUCTION * B. PROSPECTS FOR DEMOCRATIZATION * C. CONCLUSION
Download or read book The Rise of China s Middle Class and Prospects for Democratization written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Deng Xiaoping instituted economic reforms under the "reform and open" policy in 1978, the Chinese Communist Party has overseen a gradualist approach to modernizing China's economy. A new Chinese middle class has emerged with China's economic reforms and economic growth. According to Seymour Martin Lipset's modernization theory, there is a strong relationship between socioeconomic development and the emergence of democratic politics accompanying the growth of an educated middle class that will demand democratization as a means to achieve more participation in politics. This thesis assesses the validity of Lipset's argument that socioeconomic development is likely to result in a democratic transition through the growth of a liberal middle class in the case of contemporary China. This assessment will determine how closely China's middle class fits Lipset's model, and whether China's middle class displays characteristics that suggest that Lipset's framework of democratization will hold true in China. Since spreading democracy around the world was reasserted as a long-range U.S. objective in the early 1990s, attention has focused on prospects for democratization in China. This thesis will help illuminate the political implications of China's growing middle class and argue that China's economic modernization does not guarantee democratization. This is important because some people in the West misinterpreted the origins of the Tiananmen Square protest in 1989 simply as a democracy movement, rather then as initially intended to address widely perceived bureaucratic corruption and rapidly rising inflation. Protests subsided in the aftermath of Tiananmen, and many Chinese did not react to the CCP's decision to restore economic stability by entrenching its control of the economy to control inflation.
Download or read book The Third Wave written by Samuel P. Huntington and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1974 and 1990 more than thirty countries in southern Europe, Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe shifted from authoritarian to democratic systems of government. This global democratic revolution is probably the most important political trend in the late twentieth century. In The Third Wave, Samuel P. Huntington analyzes the causes and nature of these democratic transitions, evaluates the prospects for stability of the new democracies, and explores the possibility of more countries becoming democratic. The recent transitions, he argues, are the third major wave of democratization in the modem world. Each of the two previous waves was followed by a reverse wave in which some countries shifted back to authoritarian government. Using concrete examples, empirical evidence, and insightful analysis, Huntington provides neither a theory nor a history of the third wave, but an explanation of why and how it occurred. Factors responsible for the democratic trend include the legitimacy dilemmas of authoritarian regimes; economic and social development; the changed role of the Catholic Church; the impact of the United States, the European Community, and the Soviet Union; and the "snowballing" phenomenon: change in one country stimulating change in others. Five key elite groups within and outside the nondemocratic regime played roles in shaping the various ways democratization occurred. Compromise was key to all democratizations, and elections and nonviolent tactics also were central. New democracies must deal with the "torturer problem" and the "praetorian problem" and attempt to develop democratic values and processes. Disillusionment with democracy, Huntington argues, is necessary to consolidating democracy. He concludes the book with an analysis of the political, economic, and cultural factors that will decide whether or not the third wave continues. Several "Guidelines for Democratizers" offer specific, practical suggestions for initiating and carrying out reform. Huntington's emphasis on practical application makes this book a valuable tool for anyone engaged in the democratization process. At this volatile time in history, Huntington's assessment of the processes of democratization is indispensable to understanding the future of democracy in the world.
Download or read book The Rise of China in Asia written by Carolyn Wilson Pumphrey and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Post Communist Democratization written by John S. Dryzek and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-06-13 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the way democracy is thought about and lived by people in the post-communist world.
Download or read book Democratization Through the Looking glass written by Peter J. Burnell and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that our perspectives on democratization reflect the intellectual origins of the inquiry. A range of disciplines from anthropology to economics, sociology and legal scholarship, as well as different area studies, offer a rich combination of analytical frameworks, distinctive insights and leading points of concern.
Download or read book Electoral Engineering written by Pippa Norris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-02-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Kosovo to Kabul, the last decade witnessed growing interest in ?electoral engineering?. Reformers have sought to achieve either greater government accountability through majoritarian arrangements or wider parliamentary diversity through proportional formula. Underlying the normative debates are important claims about the impact and consequences of electoral reform for political representation and voting behavior. The study compares and evaluates two broad schools of thought, each offering contracting expectations. One popular approach claims that formal rules define electoral incentives facing parties, politicians and citizens. By changing these rules, rational choice institutionalism claims that we have the capacity to shape political behavior. Alternative cultural modernization theories differ in their emphasis on the primary motors driving human behavior, their expectations about the pace of change, and also their assumptions about the ability of formal institutional rules to alter, rather than adapt to, deeply embedded and habitual social norms and patterns of human behavior.
Download or read book Contemporary Urban China written by Katja M. Yang and published by . This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides detailed insight into the psychology of modern Chinese society and its implications for social actors' socio-political agency and efficacy. Perceptions of social mobility and cohesion are at the heart of a sociological typology that is a direct reflection of China's unique path towards modernisation. The book makes a contribution to the debate about convergence versus divergence of cultures and, ultimately, political systems. Using the example of China, it supports the argument of cultural divergence as proposed by Shmuel Eisenstadt's notion of 'multiple modernities'. It mainly builds on a qualitative interview study conducted in Peking, Xi'an and Wenzhou, whose key findings are discussed in the light of findings from national surveys. The book is aimed at political and social scientists who are interested in modernisation theory and at sinologists who are interested in contemporary Chinese society.
Download or read book Cultural Evolution written by Ronald Inglehart and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-22 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents and tests a theory that helps explain the rise of environmentalist parties, gender equality, and same sex marriage - and the reaction that led to Brexit and the election of Trump.
Download or read book China s Rise to Power in the Global Order written by Nicolai S. Mladenov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-13 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the foundations of China’s grand strategy as it is critical to any assessment of current and future Chinese regional and global strategic behavior, especially Beijing’s policies toward the USA. This eclectic study aims to analyze the current Chinese and American flexible grand strategies, based on present complexity and disorder. It identifies the major building blocks of both strategies, their major material, and ideational drivers and assesses how they might evolve in the future. Additionally, the author looks at China’s relations with important international players such as Russia, ASEAN, UN, EU, and BRICS.
Download or read book The New Middle Classes written by Hellmuth Lange and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-10 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With respect to the developing and threshold economies, it is no longer the poor who are the only focus of media attention. Today, the new middle classes are about to take centre stage, too. With their lifestyles and attitudes, the new middle classes are considered to be both the products as well as the promoters of globalization. They are a highly heterogeneousgroup in socio-economicterms as well as in habits 1 and preferences, including their societal role as consumers and citizens. The ?rst wave of scholarly and political attention can be traced back to the mid-nineties. The focal point was surprise and unease about indubitable symptoms of consumerism which, until then had been seen as a characteristic of the richest western societies. However, since the nineties, consumerism has run rampant in - velopingcountriestoo.Thishasparticularlybeennotedwithrespecttotheemerging middle classes in South East Asia. The “will to consume seemed inexhaustible, and appetites insatiable. This rage to consume [...] was both celebrated and feared by political leadersand other social/moralgatekeepers,who beganto condemnthe p- cess as ‘Westernization’ and even ‘westoxi?cation”’ (Chua 2000: xii). Ever since, the debate about the lifestyles of the new middle classes and their role in society has gained momentum.
Download or read book The United States China and Southeast Asian Security written by W. Bert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002-12-10 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's growing economy and military power may allow it to challenge US influence in East and Southeast Asia. Wayne Bert examines the likelihood of this and the impact it would have on Southeast Asian security. The approach taken by both the US and China will affect the outcome of this struggle and both the Southeast Asian commitment to economic growth and the development of regional institutions will encourage peaceful evolution and a power transition that avoids major conflict.
Download or read book Principles of Comparative Politics written by William Roberts Clark and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2017-02-23 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Comparative Politics offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to comparative inquiry, research, and scholarship. In this thoroughly revised Third Edition, students now have an even better guide to cross-national comparison and why it matters. The new edition retains a focus on the enduring questions with which scholars grapple, the issues about which consensus has started to emerge, and the tools comparativists use to get at the complex problems in the field. Among other things, the updates to this edition include a thoroughly-revised chapter on dictatorships that incorporates a discussion of the two fundamental problems of authoritarian rule: authoritarian power-sharing and authoritarian control; a revised chapter on culture and democracy that includes a more extensive examination of cultural modernization theory and a new overview of survey methods for addressing sensitive topics; a new section on issues related to electoral integrity; an expanded assessment of different forms of representation; and a new intuitive take on statistical analyses that provides a clearer explanation of how to interpret regression results. Examples from the gender and politics literature have been incorporated into various chapters, the Problems sections at the end of each chapter have been expanded, a! nd the empirical examples and data on various types of institutions have been updated. Online videos and tutorials are available to address some of the more methodological components discussed in the book. The authors have thoughtfully streamlined chapters to better focus attention on key topics.
Download or read book Philosophical Challenges and Opportunities of Globalization written by Oliva Blanchette and published by CRVP. This book was released on 2001 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ideology of Home Ownership written by R. Ronald and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-05-28 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand for owner-occupied housing has expanded dramatically across modern-industrialized societies in recent years leading to volatile increases in residential property values. This book explores the rise of modern home-ownership as a cultural, socio-political and ideological phenomenon.
Download or read book The Changing Nature of Democracy written by Takashi Inoguchi and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together preeminent scholars from around the world in a collection of essays that point to a changing and broadening agenda of democracy.
Download or read book Transnational Classes and International Relations written by Kees Van der Pijl and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-08-10 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exciting and original analysis of the development of capitalist classes, such as the Freemasons, that cross national boundaries in the global political economy. This innovative book focuses on: * an historical perspective on class formation under capitalism and its transnational integration * international relations between the English-speaking centre of capital and successive contender states. The author develops a broad-ranging and thorough understanding of class in the process of globalization. He does so within several theoretical frameworks shedding much light on this important topic.
