Download or read book The Microbiome in Respiratory Disease written by Yvonne J. Huang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively covers the microbiome in respiratory disease, from the initial research study to the disease-specific implications and related applications. Research on the respiratory microbiome is increasing in volume and scope. This reflects rapidly growing interest in the study of respiratory disease to understand how microbiota shape mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. The respiratory tract spans the nasal passages, sinus cavities, oropharynx, and the tracheobronchial tree of the lungs. In these compartments of the upper and lower respiratory tract, the microbiota have now been studied in the context of several chronic respiratory conditions. These include chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis, to name a few. The potential impact of ecological interactions (i.e., between microbes and between microbiota and host) within and across respiratory compartments is increasingly recognized. The book is organized into two main sections. Part I, Principles and Tools, covers conceptual modeling of the respiratory microbiome, experimental methodology with a focus on a priori considerations in study design and sampling, laboratory and computational methods for analysis of respiratory microbiome data, and minimizing interpretive pitfalls. Part II, Applications, discusses the evidence from specific studies that have shed novel insights into the influence of respiratory microbiota on mechanisms or outcomes in specific diseases. Based on current best evidence, disease-specific chapters include chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma (pediatric and adult studies), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiectasis not due to CF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and lung transplant. This is an ideal reference for forward-thinking practitioners with interest in novel developments in precision medicine applications in lung disease, as well as translational scientists in the field of microbiology, immunology and lung biology.

Download or read book The Respiratory Microbiome in COPD written by Orla O'Carroll and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In classical teaching, the lungs were thought of as a sterile environment with the isolation of bacteria on sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage sampling felt to represent pathogenic colonisation in disease states. This teaching has been over-turned with the discovery of a rich microbiome in the respiratory tract. The respiratory microbiome is a huge target for novel research in many fields, most notable in that of airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Next-generation sequencing is a culture-independent method for microbial sampling which has transformed the accuracy and speed at which whole microbial communities can be described in studies. This has led to an explosion of knowledge regarding the human respiratory microbiome. COPD is a common, chronic disease of the respiratory system involving an irreversible airway obstruction which places huge burden on patients and healthcare systems alike. The respiratory microbiome is different in those who suffer from COPD than in those without the disease, but little is known as to the role of the microbiome in disease pathogenesis or manifestation. This chapter aims to outline the advances in sequencing methods in relation to the microbiome and establish a description of the respiratory microbiome in health and in COPD. We will describe the existing literature on the topic and discuss potential key areas for future research.

Download or read book The Lung Microbiome written by Michael J. Cox and published by European Respiratory Society. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studying the lung microbiome requires a specialist approach to sampling, laboratory techniques and statistical analysis. This Monograph introduces the techniques used and discusses how respiratory sampling, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics and the application of ecological theory can be used to examine the respiratory microbiome. It examines the different components of the respiratory microbiome: viruses and fungi in addition to the more frequently studied bacteria. It also considers a range of contexts from the paediatric microbiome and how this develops to disease of all ages including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic suppurative lung diseases, interstitial lung diseases, acquired pneumonias, transplantation, cancer and HIV, and the interaction of the respiratory microbiome and the environment.

Download or read book COPD written by Cormac McCarthy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is estimated to become the third most common cause of death over the next decade. The knowledge of COPD pathogenesis and the disease course has greatly improved this progression in understanding and continues to have significant implications in the management of this condition. Novel areas of interest in COPD pathogenesis include further development of animal models, a better understanding of the genetics and epigenetics, the role of the microbiome, and an increasing appreciation of the associated comorbidities. This book intends to provide the reader with a brief overview of these topics and also provide an in-depth review of the current nonpharmacological clinical approaches to managing patients with COPD.

Download or read book Microbiome in Inflammatory Lung Diseases written by Gaurav Gupta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-25 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the role of the lung microbiome in the development and progression of lung diseases. It deals with the role of microbiota dysbiosis in influencing host defense and immunity leading to resistance, colonization, and disease exacerbation. The book delineates the complex interaction between pathogen and lung residual microbiota during disease conditions. It further highlights the potential role of lung microbiota as the key modulator of lung carcinogenesis and immune response against cancer cells. Lastly, it reviews technological developments for unraveling the lung microbiome that profoundly impacts clinical diagnostics. This book is an essential resource for the scientists working in pulmonary diseases, pharmaceutical & clinical sciences, and pulmonary clinicians.

Download or read book Influence of Lung CT Changes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPD on the Human Lung Microbiome written by Marion Engel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Background Changes in microbial community composition in the lung of patients suffering from moderate to severe COPD have been well documented. However, knowledge about specific microbiome structures in the human lung associated with CT defined abnormalities is limited. Methods Bacterial community composition derived from brush samples from lungs of 16 patients suffering from different CT defined subtypes of COPD and 9 healthy subjects was analyzed using a cultivation independent barcoding approach applying 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragment amplicons. Results We could show that bacterial community composition in patients with changes in CT (either airway or emphysema type changes, designated as severe subtypes) was different from community composition in lungs of patients without visible changes in CT as well as from healthy subjects (designated as mild COPD subtype and control group) (PC1, Padj = 0.002). Higher abundance of Prevotella in samples from patients with mild COPD subtype and from controls and of Streptococcus in the severe subtype cases mainly contributed to the separation of bacterial communities of subjects. No significant effects of treatment with inhaled glucocorticoids on bacterial community composition were detected within COPD cases with and without abnormalities in CT in PCoA. Co-occurrence analysis suggests the presence of networks of co-occurring bacteria. Four communities of positively correlated bacteria were revealed. The microbial communities can clearly be distinguished by their associations with the CT defined disease phenotype. Conclusion Our findings indicate that CT detectable structural changes in the lung of COPD patients, which we termed severe subtypes, are associated with alterations in bacterial communities, which may induce further changes in the interaction between microbes and host cells. This might result in a changed interplay with the host immune system

Download or read book The Lung Microbiome in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease written by Marc Alexander Sze and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Respiratory Microbiome in Health and Disease written by Jianmin Chai and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-12-19 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbiome in Human Health and Disease written by Pallaval Veera Bramhachari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-18 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an overview on how the microbiome contributes to human health and disease. The microbiome has also become a burgeoning field of research in medicine, agriculture & environment. The readers will obtain profound knowledge on the connection between intestinal microbiota and immune defense systems, medicine, agriculture & environment. The book may address several researchers, clinicians and scholars working in biomedicine, microbiology and immunology. The application of new technologies has no doubt revolutionized the research initiatives providing new insights into the dynamics of these complex microbial communities and their role in medicine, agriculture & environment shall be more emphasized. Drawing on broad range concepts of disciplines and model systems, this book primarily provides a conceptual framework for understanding these human-microbe, animal-microbe & plant-microbe, interactions while shedding critical light on the scientific challenges that lie ahead. Furthermore this book explains why microbiome research demands a creative and interdisciplinary thinking—the capacity to combine microbiology with human, animal and plant physiology, ecological theory with immunology, and evolutionary perspectives with metabolic science.This book provides an accessible and authoritative guide to the fundamental principles of microbiome science, an exciting and fast-emerging new discipline that is reshaping many aspects of the life sciences. These microbial partners can also drive ecologically important traits, from thermal tolerance to diet in a typical immune system, and have contributed to animal and plant diversification over long evolutionary timescales. Also this book explains why microbiome research presents a more complete picture of the biology of humans and other animals, and how it can deliver novel therapies for human health and new strategies.

Download or read book Asthma COPD and Overlap written by Jonathan A. Bernstein and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-22 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using illustrative case examples, this book thoroughly reviews similarities and differences between asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the overlap syndrome. It is important to highlight the distinctions because these commonly encountered conditions in respiratory and primary care share many similarities but have important differences often mistaken for each other. This can have serious implications for treatment, particularly as new treatments are targeted at specific phenotypes of the diseases. This practical guide shows how to distinguish between the diseases on a pathological and clinical basis so that appropriate management and treatment may be pursued.

Download or read book Microbiome Host Interactions written by D. Dhanasekaran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 863 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbiota are a promising and fascinating subject in biology because they integrate the microbial communities in humans, animals, plants, and the environment. In humans, microbiota are associated with the gut, skin, and genital, oral, and respiratory organs. The plant microbial community is referred to as "holobiont," and it is influential in the maintenance and health of plants, which themselves play a role in animal health and the environment. The contents of Microbiome-Host Interactions cover all areas as well as new research trends in the fields of plant, animal, human, and environmental microbiome interactions. The book covers microbiota in polar soil environments, in health and disease, in Caenorhabditis elegans, and in agroecosystems, as well as in rice root and actinorhizal root nodules, speleothems, and marine shallow-water hydrothermal vents. Moreover, this book provides comprehensive accounts of advanced next-generation DNA sequencing, metagenomic techniques, high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, and understanding nucleic acid sequence data from fungal, algal, viral, bacterial, cyanobacterial, actinobacterial, and archaeal communities using QIIME software (Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology). FEATURES Summarizes recent insight in microbiota and host interactions in distinct habitats, including Antarctic, hydrothermal vents, speleothems, oral, skin, gut, feces, reproductive tract, soil, root, root nodules, forests, and mangroves Illustrates the high-throughput amplicon sequencing, computational techniques involved in the microbiota analysis, downstream analysis and visualization, and multivariate analysis commonly used for microbiome analysis Describes probiotics and prebiotics in the composition of the gut microbiota, skin microbiome impact in dermatologic disease prevention, and microbial communities in the reproductive tract of humans and animals Presents information in a reachable way for students, teachers, researchers, microbiologists, computational biologists, and other professionals who are interested in strengthening or enlarging their knowledge about microbiome analysis with next-generation DNA sequencing in the different branches of the sciences

Download or read book Lung Epithelial Biology in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Disease written by Venkataramana K Sidhaye and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-09 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lung Epithelial Biology in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Disease provides a one-stop resource capturing developments in lung epithelial biology related to basic physiology, pathophysiology, and links to human disease. The book provides access to knowledge of molecular and cellular aspects of lung homeostasis and repair, including the molecular basis of lung epithelial intercellular communication and lung epithelial channels and transporters. Also included is coverage of lung epithelial biology as it relates to fluid balance, basic ion/fluid molecular processes, and human disease. Useful to physician and clinical scientists, the contents of this book compile the important and most current findings about the role of epithelial cells in lung disease. Medical and graduate students, postdoctoral and clinical fellows, as well as clinicians interested in the mechanistic basis for lung disease will benefit from the books examination of principles of lung epithelium functions in physiological condition. Provides a single source of information on lung epithelial junctions and transporters Discusses of the role of the epithelium in lung homeostasis and disease Includes capsule summaries of main conclusions as well as highlights of future directions in the field Covers the mechanistic basis for lung disease for a range of audiences

Download or read book Spitting Images Of COPD written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background and Objective: The microbiome is recognised as contributing to human health, responsiveness to drugs and as an aid in rapid diagnosis of respiratory disease. This could influence anaesthetic strategies in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We here describe the salivary microbiome as an indicator of chronic respiratory disease. Materials and Methods: Following approval by NHS Research Ethics Committee (Wales REC 7) and trial registration (16/WA/0036), 74 patients were enrolled into 3 groups from February to August 2016.Group A: 19 healthy controls from relatives of patients attending our secondary care smoking cessation service, with no symptoms of or unknown diagnoses of lung disease.Group B: 47 patients diagnosed with COPD (according to current criteria - age > 40 years, ex or current smokers of at least 10-pack years, post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC

Download or read book Environmental Chemicals the Human Microbiome and Health Risk written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great number of diverse microorganisms inhabit the human body and are collectively referred to as the human microbiome. Until recently, the role of the human microbiome in maintaining human health was not fully appreciated. Today, however, research is beginning to elucidate associations between perturbations in the human microbiome and human disease and the factors that might be responsible for the perturbations. Studies have indicated that the human microbiome could be affected by environmental chemicals or could modulate exposure to environmental chemicals. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk presents a research strategy to improve our understanding of the interactions between environmental chemicals and the human microbiome and the implications of those interactions for human health risk. This report identifies barriers to such research and opportunities for collaboration, highlights key aspects of the human microbiome and its relation to health, describes potential interactions between environmental chemicals and the human microbiome, reviews the risk-assessment framework and reasons for incorporating chemicalâ€"microbiome interactions.

Download or read book Lung Diseases Chronic Respiratory Infections written by Francesco B. Blasi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Lung Diseases: Chronic Respiratory Infections" that was published in IJMS

Download or read book The Characterisation of Polymicrobial Bacterial Communities in the Lower Respiratory Tract of Individuals with Chronic Pulmonary Disease written by Paul Purcell and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial diversity encompasses the whole of the Earth's biosphere and is incredibly vast. The microbial diversity of three disparate micro-environments using two culture-independent techniques (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 454-pyrosequencing) were revealed. Five commercially available DNA polymerase (pol) enzymes were assessed in determining the bacterial community generated in sandy soil. The V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was targeted for amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using a PCR-DGGE approach, different DNA pols exhibited differences in the DGGE profiles produced. Both high-fidelity DNA pols Ex TaqTM Hot Start (HS) and Platinum® Pfx detected greater microbial diversity present within sandy soil than the other DNA polymerase enzymes. We employed Ex TaqTM HS to characterise the microbial communities present in two chronic respiratory tract diseases, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (nCFBR) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Seventy individuals expectorated sputum, and using 16S and 28S rRNA PCR-DGGE polymicrobial communities were revealed. From the 70 patients investigated, 20 presented with symptoms consistent with an exacerbation, the remainder being clinically stable. Demographic and culture data were used in constrained ordination analyses to identify any significant associations between these data and changes in the sputum microbiota. The data presented indicates that bacterial lung communities in adult nCFBR patients have distinct differences between exacerbating and clinically stable episodes. Persistent colonisation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is significantly associated with reduced lung function, and is negatively correlated with Haemophilus influenzae carriage. Bacterial communities seem to be predominantly assembled by stochastic processes. Fungal taxa present were scarce. Stable COPD populations have been previously investigated using culture-dependent techniques. Eleven clinically stable COPD patients had a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid taken from the right lower lobe. Both 16S and 28S rRNA PCR-DGGE was performed on all clinical samples from extracted DNA. Co-migration of bands was then compared to a 16S and 28S standard ladder consisting of pure cultivars. Additionally, execution of 454-pyrosequencing and interrogation of the V3-V5 region of 16S rRNA genes resulted in 1799 unique OTUs being identified. Dominant bacterial genera identified were Streptococcus, Arthrobacter, and Staphylococcus respectively. Bacterial taxa identified were then subjected to multivariate statistical analysis to identify relationships between the microbial communities and patient phenotypes. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated that heterogeneous bacterial populations exist in all eleven individuals. This preliminary study shows that the lungs of COPD sufferers are colonised with multiple species of bacteria and demonstrate that a complex microbial community is present. Furthermore, bacterial phylotypes resolved to class-level indicated three potential drivers of community structure within the COPD lung microbiome: lung function, moderate and severe COPD progression, and smoking status in cohort. The identification of a greater number of bacterial taxa was also apparent in culture-negative patients using both PCR-DGGE and 454-pyrosequencing approaches.

Download or read book Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases written by Amir Sharafkhaneh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-14 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this unique title, the full range of chronic respiratory conditions and their association with psychiatric comorbidities are explored and targeted management options are outlined. Indeed recent studies indicate a far higher prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients afflicted with chronic respiratory conditions than in patients with other chronic disorders. Unlike other publications in the field of pulmonary disease, Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases details this significant correlation. The book is comprehensive in scope, covering such topics as depression and anxiety across the age spectrum, diagnostic tools for anxiety and depression, anxiety and depression in COPD patients, depression and anxiety in adult patients with asthma, and end-stage lung disease and lung transplantation, among others. In this novel work, the volume Editors enlist a team of renowned experts in the fields of respiratory and psychiatric disorders to combine a thorough synthesis of the literature with targeted, practical strategies for management. Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases is an invaluable resource for all clinicians who care for patients with chronic and advanced lung diseases.