Download or read book The Relationship Between Personality Type and Drug of Choice Among Substance Users written by Joseph Valila and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) estimated that in the year 2002, 19.5 million Americans, which includes individuals 12 years of age and older, were current users of illicit drugs. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality traits, as operationalized by the NEO-PI-R subscales, and self-identified drug of choice. While there is a significant body of literature substantiating the existence of personality types, little research has investigated their relationship to substance use. The study represented a correlational design. Male participants in recovery, ranging in age from 18 to 65, and living in a large Northeastern metropolitan area, were recruited via 12-step program meetings to complete two instruments - the NEO-PI-R and the Substance Abuse History Inventory (modified). Participants were stratified by drug of choice. MANOVA was used to assess variations in personality traits (dependent variable) by drug of choice. The overall MANOVA was statistically significant, Pillai's Trace = 3.40 and partial [eta] 2 = .85, suggesting that drug of choice had a significant effect on the multivariate combination of personality trait scores. Those identifying CNS stimulant as their drug of choice scored higher on the Extraversion domain than did CNS depressant or opioid users; those referring to themselves as CNS depressant or opioid users scored higher on Neuroticism than did CNS stimulant users. This knowledge could assist clinicians to motivate clients to seek stimulating activities that do not involved CNS stimulants. Implications for social change include the possibility of drug use and abuse interventions that are more effective and thus reduce the individual and societal costs associated with substance abuse.
Download or read book The Addiction Prone Personality written by Gordon E. Barnes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-11 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of this book represents a culmination for me of some 25 years of interest in the field of personality and substance use and abuse. In choosing the field of substanceuse and abuse for the focus of our research, all of the investi- tors collaborating in this research have been sustained by the awareness that the work we are doing has an important purpose. Substance abuse continues to have enormous impacts on individuals and families,and prevention and treatment - proaches developed to date have not always been as successful as we would hope to see. New advances in our fundamental understanding of the causal mec- nisms involved in the development ofaddiction may be necessary to advance our success in developing new forms of prevention and treatment for alcohol and drug abuse. The work in this book builds on the work of numerous previous investi- tors who have been drawn to investigate this topic. As you will notice in the extensive reference list, there have been hundreds of articles published on this topic. Although each of these references has added a small piece to our und- standing of the relationship between personality and alcohol abuse, the majority of these studies have been done on clinical samples and often involved no control groups or poorly matched control groups. Several important previous longitu- nal investigations have been conducted,but these investigations have usually not included general population samples or comprehensivepersonality test batteries.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Personality Factors and Drug of choice Among Adolescent Drug Abusers written by Philip Yucht and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-09-03 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimates indicate that as many as 1 in 4 Americans will experience a mental health problem or will misuse alcohol or drugs in their lifetimes. These disorders are among the most highly stigmatized health conditions in the United States, and they remain barriers to full participation in society in areas as basic as education, housing, and employment. Improving the lives of people with mental health and substance abuse disorders has been a priority in the United States for more than 50 years. The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 is considered a major turning point in America's efforts to improve behavioral healthcare. It ushered in an era of optimism and hope and laid the groundwork for the consumer movement and new models of recovery. The consumer movement gave voice to people with mental and substance use disorders and brought their perspectives and experience into national discussions about mental health. However over the same 50-year period, positive change in American public attitudes and beliefs about mental and substance use disorders has lagged behind these advances. Stigma is a complex social phenomenon based on a relationship between an attribute and a stereotype that assigns undesirable labels, qualities, and behaviors to a person with that attribute. Labeled individuals are then socially devalued, which leads to inequality and discrimination. This report contributes to national efforts to understand and change attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that can lead to stigma and discrimination. Changing stigma in a lasting way will require coordinated efforts, which are based on the best possible evidence, supported at the national level with multiyear funding, and planned and implemented by an effective coalition of representative stakeholders. Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Evidence for Stigma Change explores stigma and discrimination faced by individuals with mental or substance use disorders and recommends effective strategies for reducing stigma and encouraging people to seek treatment and other supportive services. It offers a set of conclusions and recommendations about successful stigma change strategies and the research needed to inform and evaluate these efforts in the United States.
Download or read book Computer simulation of personality written by Silvan S. Tomkins and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Exploration of the Relationship Between Personality Factors and Drug Abuse Among Young Adults written by Donald E. Sloat and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing Substance Abusers with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory MCMI written by Robert J. Craig and published by Charles C Thomas Publisher. This book was released on 2005 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The construct validity of a psychological test is assessed by a multitrait-multimethod nomothetic matrix, which means that the psychometric properties of an assessment instrument are studied with a variety of populations and in a variety of settings and weighed against a variety of other measures that purportedly assess the same construct. This concept implies that a test might have strong validity with some populations and weak validity with others, and this is the central theme of this book. In order to add to the construct validity of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI), evidence is presented on the psychometric properties of the test with both alcohol and drug abusers. Chapter 1, Epidemiology of Substance Abuse, reviews the scope of the abuse problem, sources of data on prevalence, and costs. Chapter 2, Overview of MCMI, discusses assessing personality disorders and theory and instrumentation. Chapters 3 and 4 explain in detail the two scales of the MCMI that assess alcohol and drug abuse, both directly and indirectly, along with the psychometric properties of these scales and the ways in which they have been used to detect substance abuse and assess substance abusers. Chapter 5 integrates the research findings presented in Chapters 3 and 4 and concludes with directions for future research. The final chapter presents an annotated bibliography of all studies conducted with substance abusers using the MCMI. Supportive illustrations and tables further enhance the presentation of the MCMI scales.
Download or read book Addictions written by David Belin and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-10-19 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addiction, increasingly perceived as a heterogeneous brain disorder, is one of the most peculiar psychiatric pathologies in that its management involves various, often non-overlapping, resources from the biological, psychological, medical, economical, social, and legal realms. Despite extensive efforts from the players of these various fields, to date there are no reliably effective treatments of addiction. This may stem from a lack of understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of this disorder as well as from the lack of interest into the potential differences among patients in the way they interact compulsively with their drug. This book offers an overview of the psychobiology of addiction and its current management strategies from pharmacological, social, behavioural, and psychiatric points of view.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders written by Kenneth J. Sher and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) have been documented in a number of cultures since the beginnings of recorded time and represent major societal concerns in the present day. The Oxford Handbook of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders provides comprehensive reviews of key areas of inquiry into the fundamental nature of substance use and SUDs, their features, causes, consequences, course, treatment, and prevention. It is clear that understanding these various aspects of substance use and SUDs requires a multidisciplinary perspective that considers the pharmacology of drugs of abuse, genetic variation in these acute and chronic effects, and psychological processes in the context of the interpersonal and cultural contexts. Comprising two volumes, this Handbook also highlights a range of opportunities and challenges facing those interested in the basic understanding of the nature of these phenomena and novel approaches to assess, prevent, and treat these conditions with the goal of reducing the enormous burden these problems place on our global society. Chapters in Volume 1 cover the historical and cultural contexts of substance use and its consequences, its epidemiology and course, etiological processes from the perspective of neuropharmacology, genetics, personality, development, motivation, and the interpersonal and larger social environment. Chapters in Volume 2 cover major health and social consequences of substance involvement, psychiatric comorbidity, assessment, and interventions. Each chapter highlights key issues in the respective topic area and raises unanswered questions for future research. All chapters are authored by leading scholars in each topic. The level of coverage is sufficiently deep to be of value to both trainees and established scientists and clinicians interested in an evidenced-based approach.
Download or read book An Investigation of the Relationship Between Adolescent Substance Abuse and Personality in a Residential Treatment Center written by Tamina Toray and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past ten years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of drug addicted teens in this country. Accompanying this increase in drug usage of adolescents has been an rise in the number of treatment and evaluation centers to serve the adolescent drug abusing population. Comprehensive and individualized assessment of drug addicted teens is needed as the basis for adolescent treatment programs. Many adolescent drug treatment programs have relied primarily on in-house, informal questionnaires to assess personality traits. There is a need for more objective measures to assess personality traits in adolescent drug addicted populations. This study used information from intake interviews of 842 inpatient adolescents and examined the amount of drug use in relationship to; personality, negative life events (number of times arrested for drugs, number of times runaway from home, number of suicide attempts, and substance abuse) and gender. Personality was assessed using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). This study family history of decreased the complexity of interpreting MMPI results by reducing the scores to categories reflective of two common personality traits found in drug addicted populations - introversion and extroversion. Codetypes, which reflect the subjects two most heightened clinical MMPI scales, were also utilized in this study. In this investigation personality traits of introversion and extroversion were not found to be related to amount of drug use, or gender. A heightened scale 4 (Psychopathic Deviate) was consistently found in this sample of adolescent drug abusers. Gender differences were found in membership in codetype group and in terms of total amount of drug use. Females who reported a maternal family history of substance abuse were more likely to use greater amounts of drugs than males with either a maternal or paternal family history of substance abuse. Negative life events were found to differ by gender with females having higher rates of suicide attempts than males, and males having greater number of drug arrests than females. A thorough assessment of maternal drug history for drug addicted females, and treatment modalities focused on personality types who score high on MMPI scale 4, may be important issues to be considered in residential treatment of drug addicted adolescents.
Download or read book Handbook of Personality Development written by Daniel K. Mroczek and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is the first volume to provide a comprehensive look at personality development. It features a state-of-the-art examination of the field, an area that is enjoying a resurgence in popularity. Five major types of advances, all of which are represented in this volume, are the result of the recent burst in research activity in this area: 1) new theoretical perspectives, 2) higher-quality empirical studies, 3) more sophisticated research designs and analyses, 4) attention to development across the lifespan, and 5) the growing prominence of interdisciplinary approaches to personality development. The Handbook of Personality Development is comprehensive across the lifespan, in its range of personality constructs, and in its coverage of theoretical and methodological frameworks. It is the first volume to address the most important personality development theoretical frameworks in one location--the evolutionary, physiological, behavioral genetic, and socio-cultural perspectives. The book also reviews new statistical techniques that allow for the estimation of individual differences in stability and the analysis of change. The latter part of the book focuses on personality development over the lifespan, from infancy to older adulthood. The authors address personality variables such as emotion regulation, temperament, and self-concept across the lifespan. The book concludes with a compelling capstone chapter by Dan McAdams on how personality develops. The Handbook of Personality Development provides an historical account of, and summary of, the most significant and important findings in the area, along with suggestions for future research. Intended for researchers and advanced students in personality, developmental, social, clinical, and educational psychology, as well as related fields such as family studies, sociology, education, nursing, behavioral genetics, neuropsychology, and psychophysiology, the handbook also serves as a valuable resource in advanced courses that address personality development.
Download or read book Addiction written by Gene M. Heyman and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a book sure to inspire controversy, Gene Heyman argues that conventional wisdom about addictionÑthat it is a disease, a compulsion beyond conscious controlÑis wrong. Drawing on psychiatric epidemiology, addictsÕ autobiographies, treatment studies, and advances in behavioral economics, Heyman makes a powerful case that addiction is voluntary. He shows that drug use, like all choices, is influenced by preferences and goals. But just as there are successful dieters, there are successful ex-addicts. In fact, addiction is the psychiatric disorder with the highest rate of recovery. But what ends an addiction? At the heart of HeymanÕs analysis is a startling view of choice and motivation that applies to all choices, not just the choice to use drugs. The conditions that promote quitting a drug addiction include new information, cultural values, and, of course, the costs and benefits of further drug use. Most of us avoid becoming drug dependent, not because we are especially rational, but because we loathe the idea of being an addict. HeymanÕs analysis of well-established but frequently ignored research leads to unexpected insights into how we make choicesÑfrom obesity to McMansionizationÑall rooted in our deep-seated tendency to consume too much of whatever we like best. As wealth increases and technology advances, the dilemma posed by addictive drugs spreads to new products. However, this remarkable and radical book points to a solution. If drug addicts typically beat addiction, then non-addicts can learn to control their natural tendency to take too much.
Download or read book Theories on Drug Abuse written by National Institute on Drug Abuse. Division of Research and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness written by Joris C. Verster and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-06 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug abuse and addiction are common in clinical practice. Often they interfere with patient treatment or require an alternative approach. Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment is a major contribution to the literature, a gold standard title offering a comprehensive range of topics for those who care for patients with addiction, conduct research in this area, or simply have an interest in the field. Offering state-of-the-art information for all those working with drug abusing or addicted patients, or for those interested in this topic from other research perspectives, the volume is a first of its kind book -- rich, comprehensive, yet focused, addressing the needs of the very active theoretical, basic, and clinical research in the field. Comprised of 46 chapters organized in four sections and developed by the leading international experts, Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment covers virtually every core, as well as contemporary, topic on addiction, from the established theories to the most modern research and development in the field. Enhancing the educational value of the volume, every chapter includes an abstract and two boxes summarizing learning objectives and directions for future research. Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment discusses the topic in a authoritative, systematic manner and is an indispensable reference for all clinicians and researchers interested in this rapidly changing field.
Download or read book Choice Behavioral Economics and Addiction written by Rudolph Eugene Vuchinich and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-11-13 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choice, Behavioural Economics and Addiction is about the theory, data, and applied implications of choice-based models of substance use and addiction. The distinction between substance use and addiction is important, because many individuals use substances but are not also addicted to them. The behavioural economic perspective has made contributions to the analysis of both of these phenomena and, while the major focus of the book is on theories of addiction, it is necessary also to consider the behavioural economic account of substance use in order to place the theories in their proper context and provide full coverage of the contribution of behavioural economics to this field of study. The book discusses the four major theories of addiction that have been developed in the area of economic science/behavioural economics. They are: . hyperbolic discounting . melioration . relative addiction . rational addiction The main objective of the book is to popularise these ideas among addiction researchers, academics and practitioners. The specific aims are to articulate the shared and distinctive elements of these four theories, to present and discuss the latest empirical work on substance abuse and addiction that is being conducted in this area, and to articulate a range of applied implications of this body of work for clinical, public health and public policy initiatives. The book is based on an invitation-only conference entitled, Choice, Behavioural Economics and Addiction: Theory, Evidence and Applications held at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, March 30 - April 1, 2001. The conference was attended by prominent scientists and scholars, representing a range of disciplines concerned with theories of addiction and their consequences for policy and practice. The papers in the book are based on the papers given at the above conference, together with commentaries by distinguished experts and, in many cases, replies to these comments by the presenters.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders Fourth Edition written by Avram H. Mack and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2016-05-12 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This state-of-the-science reference and text has given thousands of practitioners and students a strong foundation in understanding and treating addictive disorders. Leading experts address the neurobiology of addictions and review best practices in assessment and diagnosis. Specific substances of abuse are examined in detail, with attention to real-world clinical considerations. Issues in working with particular populations--including polysubstance abusers, culturally diverse patients, older adults, chronic pain sufferers, and others--are explored. Chapters summarize the theoretical and empirical underpinnings of widely used psychosocial and pharmacological treatments and clearly describe clinical techniques. New to This Edition *Incorporates a decade's worth of major advances in research and clinical practice. *Updated for DSM-5. *Many new authors; extensively revised with the latest information on specific biological mechanisms, substances, populations, and treatments. *Chapter on motivational interviewing.
