Download or read book The Relationship Between Maternal Risk Factors Intrapartal Risk Factors and Infant Birth Status in Mothers who Have Experienced Premature Delivery written by Susan A. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Birth Settings in America written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The delivery of high quality and equitable care for both mothers and newborns is complex and requires efforts across many sectors. The United States spends more on childbirth than any other country in the world, yet outcomes are worse than other high-resource countries, and even worse for Black and Native American women. There are a variety of factors that influence childbirth, including social determinants such as income, educational levels, access to care, financing, transportation, structural racism and geographic variability in birth settings. It is important to reevaluate the United States' approach to maternal and newborn care through the lens of these factors across multiple disciplines. Birth Settings in America: Outcomes, Quality, Access, and Choice reviews and evaluates maternal and newborn care in the United States, the epidemiology of social and clinical risks in pregnancy and childbirth, birth settings research, and access to and choice of birth settings.

Download or read book Preterm Birth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-23 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing prevalence of preterm birth in the United States is a complex public health problem that requires multifaceted solutions. Preterm birth is a cluster of problems with a set of overlapping factors of influence. Its causes may include individual-level behavioral and psychosocial factors, sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics, environmental exposure, medical conditions, infertility treatments, and biological factors. Many of these factors co-occur, particularly in those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or who are members of racial and ethnic minority groups. While advances in perinatal and neonatal care have improved survival for preterm infants, those infants who do survive have a greater risk than infants born at term for developmental disabilities, health problems, and poor growth. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems. Preterm Birth assesses the problem with respect to both its causes and outcomes. This book addresses the need for research involving clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science disciplines. By defining and addressing the health and economic consequences of premature birth, this book will be of particular interest to health care professionals, public health officials, policy makers, professional associations and clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science researchers.

Download or read book The Relationship Between Individual Life Events and Preterm Delivery written by Nedra Whitehead and published by RTI Press. This book was released on 2008-08-31 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stressful life events have been associated with preterm delivery in some studies but not in others. One cause of this inconsistency may be that different life events have different effects. The author used data collected by the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a survey of American women with a recent live birth, for 1990–1995 to examine the relationship between individual life events and the risk of preterm delivery overall and by levels of severity. Four events of the 18 examined were associated with an increased risk of at least one category of preterm delivery: being in debt, being injured by a partner, having someone close attempt suicide, and being divorced. Women who reported being in debt had an increased risk of preterm delivery overall and for each level of severity. One event, having a partner who lost his (or her) job, was associated with a decreased risk of preterm delivery. These results provide some support for the theory that increased stress from life events causes preterm delivery. The lack of a pattern by type of stress, expected stressfulness, or severity of prematurity are hard to reconcile with those theories, however.

Download or read book Evidence Based Global Health Manual for Preterm Birth Risk Assessment written by Dilly OC Anumba and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-27 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access book. In this open access book the NIHR Global Health research group on preterm birth, PRIME, prioritizes the development of prenatal risk assessment guidance for preterm birth. This book is based on global literature, published international, national and regional guidance and it is structured into six chapters providing: an overview of the domains for risk assessment and the summary recommendations in greater depth maternal demographics and past pregnancy histories, accurate pregnancy dating, and the contribution of infection, nutritional status and substance misuse to preterm birth risk. Each chapter has structured sections which include a) background information, b) an evidence statement highlighting the risk factors covered, and c) practical recommendations for evaluating those risks as well as the evidenced recommended and effective interventions for women deemed to be at risk. The chapter ends with clinical and research recommendations regarding factors of unknown or unproven risk (“myth busters”). This open access book will be a very useful guide for all health care professionals involved in delivering pregnancy care.

Download or read book The Role of Environmental Hazards in Premature Birth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-11-17 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year in the United States approximately 440,000 babies are born premature. These infants are at greater risk of death, and are more likely to suffer lifelong medical complications than full-term infants. Clinicians and researchers have made vast improvements in treating preterm birth; however, little success has been attained in understanding and preventing preterm birth. Understanding the complexity of interactions underlying preterm birth will be needed if further gains in outcomes are expected. The Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine sponsored a workshop to understand the biological mechanism of normal labor and delivery, and how environmental influences, as broadly defined, can interact with the processes of normal pregnancy to result in preterm birth. This report is a summary of the main themes presented by the speakers and participants.

Download or read book Physiological Psychosocial Behavioral Socio demographic Risk Factors and Antepartum Bed Rest Associated with Gestational Age at Birth and Postpartum Depression in High Risk Pregnant Women written by Abeer Elkotb Omar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity in the United States (US). Nearly 75% of infant mortality in the US is associated with preterm birth. In New York State, 12.2% of births in 2009 were preterm and 8.2% were low birth weight. Women with preterm infants also have a higher rate of postpartum depression. The purposes of the study were to: 1) determine the physiological, psychosocial, behavioral and socio-demographic risk factors that predict gestational age at birth and postpartum depression; 2) assess whether antepartum bed rest moderates the relationship between risk factors and gestational age at birth and postpartum depression; and 3) compare gestational age at birth, birth weight, length of NICU stay and postpartum depression of high risk women with bed rest to those without bed rest. The Human Response Model guided the study. This study was a secondary analysis and retrospective population-based study of 2004-2008 New York State Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) database which selected subjects using stratified systematic random sampling. The sample consisted of 1438 high risk pregnant women had an average age of 29 years, 69% had 15 years of education, 66% were white, 15% were black and 19 % were white, non white Hispanic or mixed race. The average gestational age at birth was 32 weeks and the mean infant birth weight was 1789.81 grams with the most infants spending 6 days in the NICU. The strongest predictors of gestational age at birth included premature rupture of membranes, maternal BMI, vaginal bleeding, preterm labor, number of prenatal visits, attending childbirth classes, and Medicaid delivery. The strongest predictors of postpartum depression were severe nausea and vomiting, pregnancy teeth problems, assisted reproductive technology, pregnancy kidney/bladder infection, arguing with partner, smoking, multivitamins intake, marital status, WIC participation, and income. Bed rest moderated the relationship between physiological and psychosocial risk factors and gestational age at birth. Infant gestational age and birth weight for women treated with bed rest were significantly lower than women not treated with bed rest. Study results may assist health stakeholders to develop targeted strategies to prevent or minimize preterm birth at statewide level.

Download or read book Preterm Birth written by Agnita Malik and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preterm birth is defined by WHO as birth before the 36 weeks and 6 days of gestation or before 259 days, counting from the first day of the last menstrual period. Preterm Birth: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Management presents an overview of the epidemiologic characteristics of women who deliver their neonates prematurely, in order to understand the depth of this major obstetrical problem.Paternal risk factors, including paternal anthropometric and genetic characteristics and life-style habits, are addressed in conjunction with fetal characteristics which may be responsible for increasing the risk of preterm birth.The authors discuss three important omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention of osteopenia of the preterm newborn: alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid.The concluding study explores the mechanisms that link periodontitis with adverse pregnancy outcomes and presents a comprehensive critical review of the current scientific stand regarding this relationship.

Download or read book Perceived and Objective Neighborhood Conditions written by Mary Jacqueline Kleyn and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Birth Settings in America written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The delivery of high quality and equitable care for both mothers and newborns is complex and requires efforts across many sectors. The United States spends more on childbirth than any other country in the world, yet outcomes are worse than other high-resource countries, and even worse for Black and Native American women. There are a variety of factors that influence childbirth, including social determinants such as income, educational levels, access to care, financing, transportation, structural racism and geographic variability in birth settings. It is important to reevaluate the United States' approach to maternal and newborn care through the lens of these factors across multiple disciplines. Birth Settings in America: Outcomes, Quality, Access, and Choice reviews and evaluates maternal and newborn care in the United States, the epidemiology of social and clinical risks in pregnancy and childbirth, birth settings research, and access to and choice of birth settings.

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 2 written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.

Download or read book Social Capital Influences in Women at Risk for Poor Pregnancy Outcomes written by Jennifer James-Mesloh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poor pregnancy outcomes such as prematurity, low birth weight and infant mortality are societal indicators of a nation's health status. These indicators have remained at exceptionally high rates in the United States despite the levels of resources and technology. In the quest to understand that discrepancy, among the ranges of theories and models for explaining poor pregnancy outcomes an emerging concept is coming to attention: social capital. In order to test whether maternal social capital has an impact on pregnancy outcome, women in a Healthy Start program were surveyed over a 13-month period to assess their social capital levels and then their pregnancy outcomes. What emerged was that maternal social capital can predict up to 47% of the variance in pregnancy outcome. That is a powerful research result considering that previously there has been no literature tracing a link between maternal social capital and pregnancy outcome. In this study, maternal risk factors adversely affect up to 30% of the variance in pregnancy outcomes. Previous research has focused on maternal risk factors as the primary reason for high rates of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and infant mortality in the United States. However, this research found that in the sample of women at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, maternal risk factors had a very strong influence on maternal social capital (R-square=65%) while their effects on pregnancy outcomes were about half of their effects on social capital. This result suggests that social capital mediates the effects of maternal risk factors on pregnancy outcomes. It appears that one of the reasons that the high rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the United States have remained a mystery is that maternal social capital has not been taken into account.

Download or read book Early onset Neonatal Sepsis written by Karen D. Fairchild and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Update on Research Issues in the Assessment of Birth Settings written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-09-23 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 30 years ago, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the National Research Council (NRC) convened a committee to determine methodologies and research needed to evaluate childbirth settings in the United States. The committee members reported their findings and recommendations in a consensus report, Research Issues in the Assessment of Birth Settings (IOM and NRC, 1982). An Update on Research Issues in the Assessment of Birth Settings is the summary of a workshop convened in March, 2013, to review updates to the 1982 report. Health care providers, researchers, government officials, and other experts from midwifery, nursing, obstetric medicine, neonatal medicine, public health, social science, and related fields presented and discussed research findings that advance our understanding of the effects of maternal care services in different birth settings on labor, clinical and other birth procedures, and birth outcomes. These settings include conventional hospital labor and delivery wards, birth centers, and home births. This report identifies datasets and relevant research literature that may inform a future ad hoc consensus study to address these concerns.

Download or read book Maternal and Fetal Factors Associated with Labor and Delivery Complications written by Prasad Laxman Gawade and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prolonged second stage of labor, excessive gestational weight gain and cesarean delivery has been associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Physical activity during pregnancy is a modifiable risk factor which has never been studied among Hispanic women. Gestational weight gain, another modifiable risk factor has only been evaluated as a risk factor for cesarean delivery in two studies among women induced for labor. To date, no study has examined the effect of duration of second stage of labor on intra-ventricular hemorrhage in very preterm births. We examined these maternal risk factors for prolonged second stage of labor, rate of cesarean delivery and fetal outcomes. The first study evaluated the association between physical activity and duration of second stage of labor. Prior studies regarding physical activity and duration of second stage of labor have been conflicting and none have examined the Hispanic population. During pregnancy, activities such as household chores, childcare, sports and women's occupation constitute a significant proportion of physical activity but have not been considered in prior studies. We examined the association between total physical activity (occupational, sport/exercise, household/care giving, and active living) during pre, early and mid-pregnancy and duration of second stage of labor in a prospective cohort of 1,231 Hispanic participants. Physical activity was quantified using the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey administered during pregnancy. Using multivariate linear regression we did not find statistically significant association between pre, early and mid-pregnancy physical activity and duration of second stage of labor. The second study focused on the effect of gestational weight gain on the cesarean delivery rate after induction of labor. The rate of induction of labor (IOL) has more than doubled from 9.5% in 1990 to 22.5% in 2006. Cesarean delivery usually follows a failed IOL and is associated with maternal and fetal morbidity. One of the two studies evaluating the effect of gestational weight gain on the rate of cesarean section in patients undergoing IOL was restricted to women with normal Body Mass Index (BMI) and the other was subjected to bias because more than half of the patients were missing BMI data. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of gestational weight gain on the rate of cesarean delivery after labor induction. In a retrospective cohort study design, using data from May 2005 to June 2008 and a multivariate logistic regression we found a 13% increase in risk of cesarean delivery with 5 kg increase in gestational weight gain. Finally, we evaluated the effect of mode of delivery and duration of second stage of labor on intra-ventricular hemorrhage (IVH) among early preterm births. IVH is a serious complication associated with preterm birth and important predictors of cerebral palsy and neurodevelopmental delays. Prior studies on this relationship in early preterm births are sparse. In a retrospective cohort study of newborns born less than 30 weeks or less than 1500 g between May 2003 and August 2008, we found an increase in risk of IVH after vaginal delivery. However, duration of second stage of labor had no significant effect on risk of IVH.

Download or read book Risk Factors Associated with Preterm Birth in the United States written by Napatsawan Kaewluang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is one of three countries with the highest number of pretermbirths per year. Of 3, 953,591 infants born in 2011 in the United States, 11.72% werepremature. The increasing incidence of preterm birth infants in the United States indicates thatfactors predicting preterm birth have not been sufficiently minimized or eliminated. One reasonthe factors may not have diminished could be a lack of identification of the risk factorsand a lack of knowledge as to which factors make the greatest contribution to pretermbirth.The purpose of a cross-sectional descriptive secondary analysis of the UnitedStates birth certificate data of 2011 was to determine how maternal and infantphysiologic and socio-demographic risk factors contribute to preterm birth. The multipleregression analysis was to identify women who delivered infants with a gestational age

Download or read book Adverse Birth Outcomes and Associated Risk Factors written by Ingrid Mburia and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cause for adverse birth outcomes such as prematurity, low birth weight, small for gestational age, among others, is not clearly understood. Despite medical advancements, infants that overcome poor birth outcomes face significant cognitive, behavioral, and developmental challenges in their childhood and throughout their lifespan. It has been established that some race/ethnic groups and populations in the lower economic strata are disproportionately affected by adverse birth outcomes. It is of utmost importance to continue exploring factors that contribute to race/ethnic disparities in order to develop targeted intervention strategies. In Nevada, several initiatives have been developed to address disparities in poor birth outcomes, however, the state faces challenges such as: provider shortages, long distance to hospitals and/or areas that offer health care services, low high school graduation rates, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among casino workers, a growing prescription and illicit drug use problem, among others. The goals of this epidemiological study were to: 1) determine whether distance was a barrier in obtaining specialized care for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, 2) asses the association between working in the service industry and preterm birth among Hispanic women and 3) evaluate the relationship between depression, substance use, and low birth weight. In study one, distance of more than 50 miles was found to be associated with delivery of a VLBW infant in a non-level III hospital. Study two revealed that Hispanic women working in the service industry had increased odds of preterm birth compared to those working in administrative support positions. Results of study three showed that mothers who used prescription drugs during pregnancy had higher odds of delivering a low birth weight baby. Additionally, women with a clinical diagnoses of depression prior to becoming pregnant had higher odds of using substances during pregnancy (OR: 3.51; 95% CI = 3.46-3.56) compared to women who did not have a clinical diagnoses of depression prior to pregnancy. The findings of this dissertation support avenues to further explore factors associated with adverse birth outcomes and barriers to accessing health care services among pregnant women.