Download or read book The Relationship Between Adiposity and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors Associated with the Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Men and Women written by M. Esther Colwell and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease written by Malcolm K Robinson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-03-07 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although cardiovascular disease remains the leading proximate cause of death in the United States, it is now estimated that obesity may be equivalent to smoking as the leading cause of preventable death in America. In light of these statistics, this reference presents our current understanding of the epidemiology, pathology, and genetics of the obe
Download or read book Obesity written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2000 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report issues a call for urgent action to combat the growing epidemic of obesity, which now affects developing and industrialized countries alike. Adopting a public health approach, the report responds to both the enormity of health problems associated with obesity and the notorious difficulty of treating this complex, multifactorial disease. With these problems in mind, the report aims to help policy-makers introduce strategies for prevention and management that have the greatest chance of success. The importance of prevention as the most sensible strategy in developing countries, where obesity coexists with undernutrition, is repeatedly emphasized. Recommended lines of action, which reflect the consensus reached by 25 leading authorities, are based on a critical review of current scientific knowledge about the causes of obesity in both individuals and populations. While all causes are considered, major attention is given to behavioural and societal changes that have increased the energy density of diets, overwhelmed sophisticated regulatory systems that control appetite and maintain energy balance, and reduced physical activity. Specific topics discussed range from the importance of fat content in the food supply as a cause of population-wide obesity, through misconceptions about obesity held by both the medical profession and the public, to strategies for dealing with the alarming prevalence of obesity in children. "... the volume is clearly written, and carries a wealth of summary information that is likely to be invaluable for anyone interested in the public health aspects of obesity and fatness, be they students, practitioner or researcher." - Journal of Biosocial Science
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 5 written by Dorairaj Prabhakaran and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.
Download or read book Polycystic Ovary Syndrome written by Andrea Dunaif and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-12 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes the latest diagnostic criteria for PCOS and comprises the most up-to-date information about the genetic features and pathogenesis of PCOS. It critically reviews the methodological approaches and the evidence for various PCOS susceptibility genes. The book also discusses additional familial phenotypes of PCOS and their potential genetic basis. All four editors of this title are extremely prominent in the field of PCOS.
Download or read book Inactivity Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome written by Ashley E Moncrieft and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inflammation and insulin resistance have each been associated with the development of MetS and the onset of T2D as well as the risk of CVD. Inflammation and insulin resistance are therefore suitable targets for public health initiatives and interventions in persons at risk for or living with CVD. Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for CVD as well as MetS and T2D. Conversely, increased physical activity is associated with improved health outcomes for individuals with a high risk for developing CVD. Two possible mechanisms for the deleterious effects of inactivity on health are inflammation and insulin resistance. Researchers have hypothesized that increased adiposity and reduced fitness are partially responsible for the associations between inactivity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. However, these relationships have not been studied extensively in overweight/obese individuals, who are often unfit and sedentary. The purpose of this study was to further examine the relationship between baseline measures of walking activity and sedentary behavior, and inflammation and insulin resistance in a sample of adults with type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome. This thesis examined baseline data from participants enrolled in either of two studies of patients with T2D (n = 116) or MetS without T2D (n = 126). Participants included low income men and women (not pregnant or nursing) between the ages of 18 and 70 who either show depressed affect (BDI > 11), and were overweight (BMI >= 27 kg/m2) and had type 2 diabetes or had at least 3 components of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) classification of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Structural equation modeling was used to determine if physical inactivity is associated with inflammation or insulin resistance in these conditions. Possible mediational roles of adiposity and low cardiorespiratory fitness were also examined. Additional analyses were conducted to determine if these relationships can be estimated equally in MetS and T2D conditions. Activity was indirectly related to abdominal adiposity via an indirect, positive association with cardiorespiratory fitness. Abdominal adiposity was positively related to both inflammation and insulin resistance. There were no direct associations between activity and inflammation or insulin resistance in this population. Therefore, walking may be negatively related to cardiovascular risk, insofar as it reduces abdominal adiposity.
Download or read book Sex Differences in the Association of Adiponectin with Cardiovascular Atherosclerosis and Mortality written by Gail A. Laughlin and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biological factors underlying the greater risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in men than women remain unclear. Endogenous sex hormones, as well as sex-differences in fat distribution and fat-derived hormones, are potential candidates. The goal of this dissertation was to describe the cross-sectional and prospective association of the adipocytokine, adiponectin, with cardiovascular disease and mortality, and its modulation by endogenous sex hormones. Sex-specific analyses were performed using data from 1513 participants of the Rancho Bernardo Study, a population based cohort of older adults. We observed a favorable association between adiponectin and most CHD risk factors, adiponectin levels were positively related to age, alcohol intake and HDL cholesterol, and negatively associated with male sex, waist girth, body mass index, insulin resistance and triglycerides. Current literature reasons that lower adiponectin levels in men compared to women must be due to either a suppressive effect of testosterone or a stimulatory effect of estrogens. Our results are contrary to both of these hypotheses and provide credible evidence that regulation by sex hormones does not account for the sex difference in serum adiponectin in older adults. Higher testosterone and lower bioavailable estradiol were each associated with higher levels of adiponectin in both sexes, independent of age, adiposity, lifestyle, insulin resistance, or lipoproteins. Higher adiponectin levels had a protective association with prevalent CHD for both men and women, which seemed to be primarily mediated by HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. In prospective analyses, higher adiponectin concentrations predicted reduced risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction over the following 20 years in men, but not women. Adiponectin was not associated with 20 year CHD mortality in either sex, and adiponectin levels above the 80th percentile for this population were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death and of death from all causes. We found no evidence that endogenous sex hormones modulated the link between adiponectin and CHD risk. We conclude that neither adiponectin, nor its interaction with endogenous sex hormones, is likely to provide a foundation for reconciling sex differences in CHD.
Download or read book Metabolic Risk for Cardiovascular Disease written by Robert H. Eckel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship of metabolic diseases to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is reaching epidemic proportions. This relates mostly to the increasing prevalence of obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. This book outlines and addresses the metabolic factors and related diseases that contribute to CVD, including brief introductions to metabolic pathways including lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, macronutrient fuel partitioning, insulin action and body weight regulation. Mechanisms that relate to becoming obese, maintenance of the obese state, the dyslipidemias, and glucose intolerance/diabetes are also addressed, and the importance of interventions that reduce metabolic risk factors and CVD are covered.
Download or read book Second Report of the Expert Panel on Detection Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults adult Treatment Panel II written by National Cholesterol Education Program (U.S.). Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The panel examined the available evidence on coronary heart disease and high blood cholesterol and updated, where appropriate, the existing recommendations for management of high blood cholesterol in adults. Provides new recommendations for: patients with established coronary heart disease and others at high risk for coronary heart disease; HDL-cholesterol in coronary heart disease risk assessment; cholesterol lowering in women, the elderly, and young adults; physical activity and weight loss as components of dietary therapy; and delay of drug treatment in most young men and premenopausal women who are otherwise at low risk for coronary heart disease. Discusses cholesterol lowering and total mortality, and cost-effectiveness of cholesterol lowering.
Download or read book Clinical Guidelines on the Identification Evaluation and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults written by Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of evidence-based recommendations -- Introduction -- Overweight and obesity: background -- Examination of randomized controlled trial evidence -- Treatment guidelines -- Summary of recommendations -- Future research.
Download or read book The Influence of Adiposity on Mortality and Cardiovascular Risk written by Jared Paul Reis and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women written by Hanna Z. Mieszczanska and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-24 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women in the US, with more women dying from heart disease than men. Women may have different presentation from men and often need a different approach to diagnosis and treatment. There are also unique topics of management of heart disease in women, including issues during pregnancy, lactation, and menopause. Many different health care providers, as well as cardiologists are involved in treating these patients. A manual reviewing diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease in women would help providers without specific cardiology training to deliver care with greater efficiency. A practical and comprehensive guide geared towards these providers would be a highly practical and valuable resource that would be utilized in everyday practice in offices that include urban clinics, general medicine offices, obstetrics and gynecology offices, as well as in the surgical subspecialties. This book will be a highly practical resource that can be directly applied to the issues that arise in everyday practice. There is no available book on the market that focuses on a broader approach to cardiac disease in women or focuses on non-cardiology providers (and their trainees) who have the need to know more about treatment of cardiovascular disease in women.
Download or read book Cardiovascular Disability written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-12-04 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Security Administration (SSA) uses a screening tool called the Listing of Impairments to identify claimants who are so severely impaired that they cannot work at all and thus immediately qualify for benefits. In this report, the IOM makes several recommendations for improving SSA's capacity to determine disability benefits more quickly and efficiently using the Listings.
Download or read book Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha and Atherogenic Index as Predictors of Insulin Resistance and Risks of Cardiovascular Disease among Obese Subjects in Calabar Nigeria written by Chidozie Agu and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-02-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Medicine - Internal Medicine, grade: A, University of Calabar, course: Chemical Pathology/Immunology, language: English, abstract: Several studies in different population indicate that inflammation may be the link between obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. However, this relationship has not been adequately explored in our population and among Africans with increasing high rate ofobesity and IR. In this study, the association between obesity markers (Body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio), inflammatory marker (Tumour necrosis factor-alpha), insulin resistance markers (Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, insulin) and markers of cardiovascular risks (Atherogenic index of plasma, lipid profile, blood pressure) were evaluated in a total of one hundred and sixty subjects (160). One hundred and ten (110) of which were obese subjects (BMI 30kg/m2 and above) and fifty (50) non-obesecontrols. Blood pressure and fasting samples were collected. Anthropometric parameters were measured; body mass index and waist-hip ratio were calculated for all the participants recruited in this study. Obese subjects were further grouped based on their BMI values as; class I (BMI 30-34.9kg/m2), class II (BMI 35-39.9kg/m2) and class III (BMI 40kg/m2 and above). TNF-α and insulin were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total cholesterol and triglyceride were determined using the enzymatic colorimetric method; LDL, VLDL, HOMA-1R, AIP were respectively calculated. High density lipoprotein was determined using the precipitation/cholesterol enzymatic method. The mean values of TNF-α, insulin, FPG, HOMA-1R, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, AIP, SBP and DBP were all significantly higher in obese subjects compared to non-obese controls group (P0.05). The mean value of HDL was significantly higher in the non-obese controls compared to the obese group (P
Download or read book Diabetes and Hypertension written by Samy I. McFarlane and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-19 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes and hypertension have evolved as two of the modern day epidemics affecting millions of people around the world. These two common co-morbidities lead to substantial increase in cardiovascular disease, the major cause of morbidity and mortality of adults around the world. In Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management, a panel of renowned experts address a range of critical topics -- from basic concepts in evaluation and management of diabetes and hypertension, such as dietary interventions, to evaluation and management of secondary hypertension in clinical practice. Other chapters focus on high cardiovascular risk populations such as those with coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease and minority patients. In addition, evolving concepts and new developments in the field are presented in other chapters, such as prevention of type 2 diabetes and the epidemic of sleep apnea and its implication for diabetes and hypertension evaluation and management. An important title covering two of the most troubling disorders of our time, Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management will provide the busy practitioner with cutting edge knowledge in the field as well as practical information that can translate into better care provided to the high-risk population of diabetics and hypertensive patients.
Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Download or read book The Practical Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
