Download or read book The Recovery of Phosphorus from Wastewaters Using Calcium Phosphate Precipitation written by Lorraine Jean Plant and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Calcium Phosphate Precipitation in Wastewater Treatment written by Arnold B. Menar and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Calcium Phosphate Precipitation in Wastewater Treatment written by Arnold B. Menar and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ultimate Disposal of Phosphate from Waste Water by Recovery as Fertilizer written by W.R. Grace & Co. Dearborn Chemical Division and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phosphorus Removal and Recovery from Wastewater Using Sorbent Technologies written by Holly Erin Gray and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient in fertilizers that are necessary for food production. Wastewater may represent a renewable source of nutrients if methods for recovering P from dilute wastewater streams can be developed. Adsorption, a low cost and efficient process, has the potential to recover P from wastewater as it can transfer contaminants from the liquid to the solid phase for easy separation. This study evaluated fourteen commercial sorbents for potential phosphorus recovery from synthetic wastewater (SWW) using batch testing. Commercially available sorbents (e.g. ion exchange resins (IEX), granular ferric oxide, hybrid IEX and activated alumina) were obtained from several companies and tested for phosphate removal in a 48-hour adsorption test. Seven of the sorbents exhibited substantial phosphate removal were then tested for recovery using acidic (HCl), basic (NaOH), salt (NaCl) and basic salt (NaOH + NaCl) desorption solutions. Sorbents were evaluated with respect to P recovery from the SWW. An IEX sorbent was found to recover the largest fraction at 23 % P from the SWW; while all other sorbents recovered less than 20 % P from the synthetic wastewater. The three top performing sorbents from batch testing were chosen for column testing to investigate their potential for P adsorption and recovery with a specific target of generating a concentrated chemical desorption effluent. Sorbents included two metal oxide sorbents (granular ferric hydroxide and activated alumina) as well as an ion exchange (IEX) resin. After the sorbents were tested for P removal in column tests, chemical desorption solutions were utilized to recover P from the spent sorbents. Recovery from metal oxide sorbents was conducted using basic (NaOH) and acidic (HCl) solutions while recovery from IEX sorbent used salt (NaCl) and basic salt (NaOH + NaCl) solutions in addition to acidic and basic treatments. Sorbents were evaluated on the basis of P adsorption as well as recovery from the sorbent and the initial synthetic wastewater (SWW) stream. The IEX sorbent demonstrated the highest removal of 64 % P from the SWW, while the metal oxide sorbents adsorbed between 23 and 43 % P. Desorption using NaOH was most effective for metal oxide sorbents, which were found to recover 39 % P (granular ferric hydroxide) and 21 % P (activated alumina) from the initial SWW. Sorbent C recovered the largest quantity of P (61%) from SWW with the use of NaCl. Due to its good performance, sorbent C was used to recover P from two wastewater samples. Using NaCl, sorbent C recovered 47 and 15 % of P from secondary and final effluent samples. In addition to a shift in wastewater treatment to P recovery, wastewater treatment is also focusing on producing effluent that meets ultra-low effluent P discharge limits. In order to achieve this goal, non-reactive phosphorus (nRP) must be removed; nRP contains condensed phosphates and organic phosphorus (OP) species that are recalcitrant in secondary wastewater treatment and tend to remain in final effluents. An advanced oxidation process (AOP) which couples TiO2/UV photolysis with ultrafiltration (UF) to oxidize and remove nRP species was tested. Tests utilizing a mixture of two OP model compounds were conducted to determine the effect of TiO2/UV photolysis on the model compound removal and to elucidate the mechanisms of phosphorus removal; nRP was removed through adsorption and UV irradiation. The AOP was also tested for P removal from three municipal wastewaters and one automotive industry effluent. In all cases, phosphorus removal was found to occur through filtration, surface complexation onto the TiO2 and UV oxidation. Total phosphorus removal efficiencies between 90-97 % were observed for the municipal wastewater effluents and 44 % removal was observed in the industrial effluent after treatment using AOP. Conversion of nRP to reactive P (RP) was evident during TiO2/UV treatment of samples that had high concentrations of nRP; the total amount of phosphate liberated was not quantified due to phosphate binding to TiO2. In summary, the AOP effectively oxidized nRP to RP, achieving a high level P removal in real wastewater effluents and retaining P on the TiO2 solids. Investigations into P recovery by TiO2 nanoparticles revealed that adsorption of P onto TiO2 was due to a combination of inner sphere complex formation and calcium bridging. Precipitation of calcium phosphate was observed at pH values above 10. Recovery of P from TiO2 after concentrating of the TiO2 solids and application of a chemical desorption solution was assessed. Recovery with an NaOH desorption solution was minimal due to calcium phosphate precipitation while recovery using HCl was limited, releasing only 2 % of adsorbed P. Recovery from TiO2 nanoparticles loaded with calcium phosphate precipitates was also investigated. A recovery of 35 % P was observed from TiO2 solids via the dissolution of the precipitates.

Download or read book Phosphorus Polluter and Resource of the Future written by Christian Schaum and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book provides an up-to-date and international approach that addresses the Motivations, Technologies and Assessment of the Elimination and Recovery of Phosphorus from Wastewater. This book is part of the Integrated Environmental Technology Series.

Download or read book Investigations on the Recovery of Phosphorus from Wastewater by Crystallization written by Laura Pastor and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2006-06-27 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, due to expanding populations and industries, regulatory authorities have imposed tighter discharge limits on nutrients from wastewater treatment facilities to avoid eutrophication in water streams. Common methods, such as metal salt precipitation, are being used to lower phosphorus concentrations which are a main contribution. However, alternate phosphorus removal techniques, such as phosphorus crystallisation, can provide further benefits. Precipitated solid can be utilised as a marketable fertiliser. Principles of magnesium and ammonia phosphate precipitation, working with a synthetic wastewater and a supernatant coming from dewatering an anaerobic digested sludge, are studied in this work. NOTE: This thesis is in Spanish.

Download or read book Precipitation chemistry of calcium phosphate for phosphorus recovery written by Yonghui Song and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Electrochemical Phosphorus Removal and Recovery written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we propose an innovative membrane-free electrochemical system, which can potentially achieve the removal and recovery of phosphorus from wastewaters in the form of recoverable calcium phosphate. Electrochemically induced calcium phosphate precipitation can be applied for a range of wastewater pHs, also for a more acidic pH. In real wastewaters (i.e., sewage), the dosing of an external calcium source is not necessary, as enough calcium ions are already present. Additionally, no dosing of chemicals is needed. This dissertation is a first systematic study on electrochemical phosphorus removal and recovery with main findings summarized below. The insights gained present a significant step toward the potential application of this new method.

Download or read book World fertilizer trends and outlook to 2022 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-10-30 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the world nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer medium-term supply and demand forecasts for the period 2017-2022. FAO, in collaboration with other members of the Fertilizer Outlook Expert Group dealing with fertilizer production, consumption and trade, provides forecasts of world and regional fertilizer supply, demand and potential balance.

Download or read book CO2 in Seawater Equilibrium Kinetics Isotopes written by R.E. Zeebe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-10-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas after water vapor in the atmosphere of the earth. More than 98% of the carbon of the atmosphere-ocean system is stored in the oceans as dissolved inorganic carbon. The key for understanding critical processes of the marine carbon cycle is a sound knowledge of the seawater carbonate chemistry, including equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties as well as stable isotope fractionation. Presenting the first coherent text describing equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties and stable isotope fractionation among the elements of the carbonate system. This volume presents an overview and a synthesis of these subjects which should be useful for graduate students and researchers in various fields such as biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography, paleoceanography, marine biology, marine chemistry, marine geology, and others. The volume includes an introduction to the equilibrium properties of the carbonate system in which basic concepts such as equilibrium constants, alkalinity, pH scales, and buffering are discussed. It also deals with the nonequilibrium properties of the seawater carbonate chemistry. Whereas principle of chemical kinetics are recapitulated, reaction rates and relaxation times of the carbonate system are considered in details. The book also provides a general introduction to stable isotope fractionation and describes the partitioning of carbon, oxygen, and boron isotopes between the species of the carbonate system. The appendix contains formulas for the equilibrium constants of the carbonate system, mathematical expressions to calculate carbonate system parameters, answers to exercises and more.

Download or read book Valorization of Phosphate from Industrial and Domestic Effluents as By products for Fertilizers Production written by Mehrez Harmassi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus in wastewater is mainly present as inorganic phosphate forms and is commonly removed through chemical co-precipitation using Al(III) and Fe(III) salts. However, precipitation is expensive and generates a waste to be disposed. If the recovery of phosphorus is the target objective the solution could be based on the integration of specific chemical processes or physico-chemical treatment process to recover phosphorous as pure mineral phases or supported onto low-cost inorganic sorbents. Recovery of phosphate from diluted streams has been evaluated by integration of a pre-concentration step using P-selective sorbents to provide concentrated effluents of phosphate (e.g. from 0.1 to 2 g P-PO43-/L) typically at alkaline pH values due to the use of alkaline solutions in the regeneration step (e.g 1% NaOH). In this study, phosphorus recovery as hydroxyapatite (Hap) from alkaline phosphate concentrates (0.25 to 1 g P-PO43-/L) using calcium chloride solutions in batch reactors was evaluated. When pH was kept constant in alkaline values (from 8 to 11.5), Hap precipitation efficiency was improved. At pH 11.5, higher phosphorus precipitation rate was registered but lower degree of crystallinity was observed. The increase of the total initial phosphate concentration lead to the formation of Hap powders with higher degree of crystallinity and crystal diameter, but also lower mean particle size. Afterwards, the detrimental effects of the presence of magnesium (II) in synthetic brines on hydroxyapatite precipitation were also evaluated. Two synthetic brines with Mg/Ca molar ratios of 2.2 and 3.3 were continuously fed to reach a Ca/P molar ratio of ̃1.67 to promote Hap formation. For both brines, inhibition of Hap precipitation and formation of the amorphous mineral phases of Ca-, Mg- and Ca/Mg-phosphates were observed at pH >9.5. Mg(II) severely inhibited phosphate precipitation, allowing the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate from meta-stable clusters due to Mg(II) incorporation into Ca-phosphate. In the experiments at pH 8, the formation of stable nanometre-sized pre-nucleation clusters promoted nucleation inhibition, even in supersaturated solutions. On the other hand, phosphate P(V) recovery by using low-cost reactive inorganic materials with improved efficiency in terms of equilibrium and kinetics has been also evaluated. The integration of powder inorganic adsorbents fly ashes and zeolitic materials for selective removal of phosphate provided phosphorus (P) containing by-products with fertilizing properties. Fly ash samples from two different coal power stations and with different CaO(s) content (Los Barrios (FA-LB)) and (Teruel (FA-TE)) were evaluated on phosphate removal from aqueous solutions. P(V) recovery, in the expected pH conditions (6 to 9) of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) secondary effluents, proceeds as combination of the dissolution of CaO(s) and formation of brushite (CaHPO4(s)) onto the fly ash particles avoiding the formation of more insoluble Ca-phosphates as hydroxyapatite with a limited fertilizing properties. Removal kinetics data were well described as diffusion-based process and the CaO(s) dissolution was discarded as the rate-controlling step. A powder zeolitic material synthetized from fly ash (NaP1-NA) and its calcium modified form (CaP1-NA) were also studied as sorbent materials for the recovery phosphate from treated waste water effluents. The sorption capacity of both zeolites on the expected pH for waste water effluents (pH from 7 to 9) was slightly dependent on pH. The stability of the loaded phosphate zeolites samples as fertilizer was evaluated by extraction experiments. Finally, the performance of Ca-activated powder zeolite (CaP1) on removing P(V) was evaluated by integrating the sorption step and the solid phase recovery by using an hybrid sorption-ultrafiltration system using a hollow fibre module.

Download or read book Investigations on Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater by Precipitation of Calcium Phosphate Induced by Seeding Crystals written by D. Donnert and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Electrochemical Technologies written by Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-06 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book encompasses the most updated and recent account of research and implementation of Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (METs) from pioneers and experienced researchers in the field who have been working on the interface between electrochemistry and microbiology/biotechnology for many years. It provides a holistic view of the METs, detailing the functional mechanisms, operational configurations, influencing factors governing the reaction process and integration strategies. The book not only provides historical perspectives of the technology and its evolution over the years but also the most recent examples of up-scaling and near future commercialization, making it a must-read for researchers, students, industry practitioners and science enthusiasts. Key Features: Introduces novel technologies that can impact the future infrastructure at the water-energy nexus. Outlines methodologies development and application of microbial electrochemical technologies and details out the illustrations of microbial and electrochemical concepts. Reviews applications across a wide variety of scales, from power generation in the laboratory to approaches. Discusses techniques such as molecular biology and mathematical modeling; the future development of this promising technology; and the role of the system components for the implementation of bioelectrochemical technologies for practical utility. Explores key challenges for implementing these systems and compares them to similar renewable energy technologies, including their efficiency, scalability, system lifetimes, and reliability.

Download or read book Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling written by Hisao Ohtake and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-25 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the engineering aspects of phosphorus (P) recovery and recycling, presenting recent research advances and applications of technologies in this important and challenging area of engineering. It highlights full-scale applications to illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the new technologies. As an essential element for all living organisms, P cannot be replaced by any other element in biochemical processes, humans ultimately rely its availability. Today, P is mostly obtained from mined rock phosphate (Pi). However, natural reserves of high-grade rock Pi are limited and dwindling on a global scale. As such, there have been increased efforts to recycle P from secondary sources, including sewage sludge, animal manure, food waste, and steelmaking slag, and so close the anthropogenic P cycle. In addition to various aspects of phosphorus covered by other literature, including chemistry, biochemistry, ecology, soil-plant systems and sustainable management, this book is a valuable and comprehensive source of information on the rapidly evolving field of P recovery and recycling engineering for students, researchers, and professionals responsible for sustainable use of phosphorus.

Download or read book Review of Promising Methods for Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling from Wastewater written by C. Kabbe and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Use of Calcium based Materials for Phosphorus Removal from Greenhouse Wastewater written by Siobhan Dunets and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: