EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

Book The Reading Specialist

Download or read book The Reading Specialist written by Rita M. Bean and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A trusted practitioner guide and course text, this book provides a complete introduction to the multiple roles of the reading specialist in grades PreK-12. Rita M. Bean offers evidence-based best practices for working with struggling readers; supporting teachers through professional development and coaching; planning curricula; assessing at the individual, classroom, and school levels; and building strong school, family, and community partnerships. User-friendly features include helpful classroom vignettes, questions for discussion and reflection, follow-up activities, and ideas for instructors and workshop leaders. Reproducible forms and worksheets can be downloaded and printed in a convenient 8 1/2" x 11" size. New to This Edition New overarching framework that connects literacy leadership more directly to classroom instruction and assessment. Links to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and new standards-based examples are included throughout. Expanded coverage of literacy coaching, middle and high school grades, and response to intervention. Chapters now begin with key questions and include annotated resources for further reading.

Book Reading Specialists and Literacy Coaches in the Real World

Download or read book Reading Specialists and Literacy Coaches in the Real World written by MaryEllen Vogt and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This theoretical and practical guidebook prepares reading specialists and literacy coaches to develop and teach reading and language arts at the school and district levels. Using current information on the standards for literacy professionals, the text incorporates significant developments in intervention, assessment, adolescent literacy, and multiple literacies. Vogt and Shearer explore the expanding roles and responsibilities of reading specialists and their impact on instructional practice. The full-featured and distinctive Third Edition offers opportunities for flexible teaching approaches as well as substantive coverage and tools such as the function of the literacy coach in Response to Intervention (RtI), guides to needs assessment and two-year plans, the advancement of professional development communities, portfolio and self-assessment projects, and companion materials that include key terms, recommended readings, chapter vignettes, and online resources.

Book Lenses on Reading  Second Edition

Download or read book Lenses on Reading Second Edition written by Diane H. Tracey and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2012-05-09 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This widely adopted text explores key theories and models that frame reading instruction and research. Readers learn why theory matters in designing and implementing high-quality instruction and research; how to critically evaluate the assumptions and beliefs that guide their own work; and what can be gained by looking at reading through multiple theoretical lenses. For each theoretical model, classroom applications are brought to life with engaging vignettes and teacher reflections. Research applications are discussed and illustrated with descriptions of exemplary studies. New to This Edition *Current developments in theory, research, and instructional practices. *Useful pedagogical features in every chapter: framing questions, discussion ideas, and learning activities. *Classroom applications give increased attention to English language learners and technology integration. *Coverage of additional theories (Third Space Theory) and theorists (Bakhtin and Bourdieu).

Book Early Intervention for Reading Difficulties  Second Edition

Download or read book Early Intervention for Reading Difficulties Second Edition written by Donna M. Scanlon and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grounded in a strong evidence base, this indispensable practitioner guide and text has given thousands of teachers tools to support the literacy growth of beginning and struggling readers in grades K?2. The interactive strategies approach (ISA) is organized around core instructional goals related to enhancing word learning and comprehension of text. The book provides guidance for assessment and instruction in whole-class, small-group, and one-to-one settings, using the curricular materials teachers already have. Purchasers get access to a companion website where they can download and print 26 reproducible forms in a convenient 8 1/2" x 11" size. Of special value, the website also features nearly 200 pages of additional printable forms, handouts, and picture sorts that supplement the book's content. New to This Edition *Incorporates the latest research on literacy development and on the ISA. *Describes connections to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). *Explains how to use the ISA with English learners. *Chapter on fluency. *Expanded coverage of morphological knowledge. *Companion website with downloadable reproducible tools and extensive supplemental materials. See also Comprehensive Reading Intervention in Grades 3?8, by Lynn M. Gelzheiser, Donna M. Scanlon, Laura Hallgren-Flynn, and Peggy Connors, which presents the Interactive Strategies Approach--Extended (ISA-X) for intermediate and middle grade struggling readers.

Book Building the Reading Brain  PreK 3

Download or read book Building the Reading Brain PreK 3 written by Pamela Nevills and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2009-01-06 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover how children’s brains change as they develop early reading skills! Moving through skills acquisition from birth to age eight, this updated edition of the best-selling book gives educators a clear picture of how children acquire and develop language skills in preparation for reading. This updated edition features developmentally appropriate practices for fostering critical literacy skills in each age group and expanded information on English learners and Response to Intervention. The authors provide: Brain-friendly strategies that build phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, comprehension, and fluency skills Instructional applications for games, music, and play Interventions for children with early reading difficulties

Book Literacy Assessment and Intervention for Classroom Teachers

Download or read book Literacy Assessment and Intervention for Classroom Teachers written by Beverly DeVries and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of this comprehensive resource helps future and practicing teachers recognize and assess literacy problems, while providing practical, effective intervention strategies to help every student succeed. The author thoroughly explores the major components of literacy, providing an overview of pertinent research, suggested methods and tools for diagnosis and assessment, intervention strategies and activities, and technology applications to increase students' skills. Discussions throughout focus on the needs of English learners, offering appropriate instructional strategies and tailored teaching ideas to help both teachers and their students. Several valuable appendices include assessment tools, instructions and visuals for creating and implementing the book's more than 150 instructional strategies and activities, and other resources.

Book Reciprocal Teaching at Work  3rd Edition

Download or read book Reciprocal Teaching at Work 3rd Edition written by Lori D. Oczkus and published by ASCD. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this fully revised and expanded third edition of the bestselling Reciprocal Teaching at Work, Lori D. Oczkus provides both tried-and-true and fresh solutions for teaching reading comprehension. Reciprocal teaching is a scaffolded discussion technique that builds on the Fab Four strategies that good readers use to understand text: predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing. With a focus on these four evidence-based and classroom-tested strategies, Oczkus presents new ways to use reciprocal teaching to improve students' comprehension while actively engaging them in learning and encouraging independence. Appealing to students and teachers alike, reciprocal teaching encompasses social aspects of teaching and learning with modeling, think-alouds, and discussion. This helpful guide is packed with fresh material, including * More than 40 new and updated step-by-step lessons and minilessons that reflect current thinking and best practice. * Dozens of rich suggestions for diving into informational texts. * Updated research and relevant results that show the effectiveness of reciprocal teaching. * Creative and targeted tips that capitalize on the specific benefits of whole-class settings, guided reading groups, and literature circles. * Ideas for differentiating instruction for struggling readers and English language learners. * New and newly designed support materials, including reproducibles, posters, bookmarks, and a lesson planning menu. With a wealth of ideas to get you started—and keep you going—this is the all-inclusive resource you need to help students become active, engaged, and independent readers who truly comprehend what they read. Reviews and Testimonials "Literacy coach and author Lori Oczkus knows how to take the best of what works from long-established research and showcase it to make teaching and learning more effective, engaging, and enjoyable. In her latest edition of Reciprocal Teaching at Work, she demonstrates how to scaffold instruction so that all K–12 students can benefit from reciprocal teaching techniques, what she calls the "Fab Four"—predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing—in whole-group, guided reading, and book club settings, for both fiction and informational texts. In clearly delineated lessons and minilessons, Lori deftly shares how to support students' learning, including English language learners and students who struggle, so they can successfully apply and monitor those four discussion strategies—as well as troubleshoot problems—to yield significant progress in their reading comprehension. Filled with great practical ideas, this gem of a book is a must-have for all literacy educators!" —Regie Routman, author of Read, Write, Lead; Literacy Essentials, and Reading Essentials "Reciprocal teaching works to push students into deeper learning. There are decades of research on the impact of this instructional approach, and this book shows you how to implement and refine the practice such that all students succeed." —Doug Fisher, author of Checking for Understanding and Visible Learning for Literacy "One of the great instructional research discoveries of the past three decades has been the efficacy of reciprocal teaching for improving student learning and reading comprehension. More than anyone, Lori Oczkus has explored practical ways for making reciprocal teaching an integral part of nearly any classroom setting. This current work by Lori represents the epitome of her work in translating reciprocal teaching research into practice. Readers will find this immensely readable book filled with strategies that can be easily implemented and that will improve student learning. If you are interested in improving your students' reading achievement, you need to read this book!" —Timothy Rasinski, author of The Fluent Reader and Close Reading with Paired Texts "In this new edition of Reciprocal Teaching at Work, Lori Oczkus offers new thinking while reinforcing the best practices that make her ideas timeless. Through these engaging lessons and smart instructional moves, you will empower your students to build the confidence and competence they need to become strong, independent readers." —Donalyn Miller, author of The Book Whisperer "On every page of this book, in every activity and plan, the voice of a gifted and empowering teacher inspires the reader. In a major revision of her classic work, Lori Oczkus engages the immediacy and demands of today's classrooms with the most robust constellation of strategies for teaching comprehension. She compellingly demonstrates how the "Fab Four" are engaged across the grades, and she powerfully scaffolds, supports, and reassures teachers in their efforts to incorporate reciprocal teaching across a broad communication, textual, and digital terrain." —Shane Templeton, Foundation Professor Emeritus of Literacy Studies University of Nevada, Reno, NV

Book Book Buddies  Third Edition

Download or read book Book Buddies Third Edition written by Marcia Invernizzi and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2021-02-17 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This indispensable guide has been revised and expanded with the latest research and guidance for working with learners with reading challenges, including dyslexia. The book shows how reading tutors--including educators, volunteers, and parents--can deliver individualized lessons for struggling students in grades K–3. Chapters offer step-by-step guidance for providing effective one-on-one instruction at the emergent, beginning, and transitional stages of reading, and address the needs of English language learners. In a large-size format for easy photocopying, the manual features 39 reproducible handouts and forms. Tutor training is facilitated by videos of sample sessions (at the companion website). The website also gives book purchasers access to downloadable copies of the handouts and forms. New to This Edition *More explicit recommendations for addressing the needs of children with dyslexia. *New phonemic awareness task to use in assessment. *Expanded and clarified directions for many of the lessons. *Additional instructional activities, including reproducible FastRead sheets. *Reproducible tools and training videos now provided online.

Book The Reading Specialist

Download or read book The Reading Specialist written by Rita M. Bean and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timely and accessible, this book provides nuts-and-bolts information and guidance for reading specialists in grades K-12 as well as those preparing for certification. The focus is on the many responsibilities of today's reading specialist, from teaching individual students to taking a leadership role in the schoolwide literacy program. Including discussion questions, self-reflective exercises, and lively examples and vignettes, the book presents research-based frameworks for working with struggling readers and their teachers; providing professional development and coaching; planning curriculum and conducting assessments; collaborating with parents and community-based programs; writing winning grant proposals; and much more.

Book Comprehension Instruction  Third Edition

Download or read book Comprehension Instruction Third Edition written by Sheri R. Parris and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2015-06-18 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All key issues of research and practice in comprehension instruction are addressed in this highly regarded professional resource and course text. Leading scholars examine the processes that enable students to make meaning from what they read--and how this knowledge can be applied to improve teaching at all grade levels. Best practices for meeting the needs of diverse elementary and secondary students are identified. Essential topics include strategies for comprehending different types of texts, the impact of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), cutting-edge assessment approaches, and the growing importance of digital genres and multimodal literacies. User-friendly features include end-of-chapter discussion questions. New to This Edition Incorporates the latest research and instructional practices. Chapters on the CCSS, critical theory, culturally responsive instruction, and response to intervention. Chapters on teaching fiction and informational texts in the secondary grades. Expanded coverage of multimodal literacy learning. Timely topics such as text complexity, close reading, digital literacies, and neuroscience are discussed in multiple chapters.

Book A Celebration of Literature and Response

Download or read book A Celebration of Literature and Response written by Marjorie R. Hancock and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 2004 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforced by teachers' experiences in actual classrooms, this book provides a wealth of ideas for projects, readings, and response-based activities that will engage all learners in the joy of reading and responding to literature. It blends an appreciation of children's books across all genres with an emphasis on meaningful instructional strategies for literacy programs. Coverage of multicultural/international literature helps illustrate the universality of themes in children's literature--providing a basis for establishing a library of literature that expresses the totality of children's experiences and speaks to children from all cultures and backgrounds. Coverage is based on Louise Rosenblatt's transactional theory of reader response, and organized around five main "celebrations" that the author uses as a framework for uniting the findings of reader-response theory with quality children's literature and exemplary reflective, literature-based practice. Includes expanded coverage on multicultural/international literature--including numerous examples of children's literature written and published in other countries. Includes extensive coverage of reader responses to literature--oral and written responses, as well as those made through the visual arts. For teachers of Children's Literature. Introduces future teaches to the full range of children's responses to literature--encourages the use of a variety of strategies to elicit authentic, heartfelt, meaningful responses from pupils. An appendix on children's literature awards. Highlights exemplary children's literature across all genres--focuses students' attention on established standards and offers guidance for choosing literature that meets such standards. CONTENTS I. CELEBRATING LITERATURE, RESPONSE, AND TEACHING. 1. Literature, Teaching, and Reader Response: Balancing Books and Readers in the Classroom. 2. Reader Response to Literature: From Rosenblatt's Theory to Research to Classroom Practice. II. CELEBRATING LITERATURE AND LITERARY GENRES. 3. The Art of the Picture Book: The Balance of Text and Illustration. 4. Traditional Tales and Modern Fantasy: The Domain of Imagination. 5. Poetry: The Power and Pleasure of Language. 6. Realistic and Historical Fiction: The Boundary of Reality. 7. Nonfiction: The Realm of Biography and Informational Books. 8. Multicultural and International Literature: Appreciating Cultural and Global Diversity. III. CELEBRATING RESPONSE CONNECTIONS TO LITERATURE. 9. Talking About Books: From Oral Response to Literature Circles. 10. Literature Response Journals: Written Reflections during Reading. 11. Literature as a Model for Writing: Apprenticing the Author's Craft. 12. Drama, Art, and Music: Expressive Arts as Response. 13. Response to Nonfiction: Blending Efferent and Aesthetic Response. IV. CELEBRATING INTERTEXTUAL AND INTERDISCIPLINARY CONNECTIONS. 14. Interdisciplinary and Intertextual Connections: Response through Literature Clusters, Theme Explorations, and Twin Texts. V. CELEBRATING RESPONSE GROWTH THROUGH ASSESSMENT. 15. Documenting Response to Literature: Authentic Perspectives. Appendix A: Children's Book Awards and Recognition. Appendix B: Professional Resources. Appendix C: Children's Literature and Technology. (c) 2004, 448 pp., Paper 0-13-110902-2 1090O-6 SE0306: Children's Literature / Methods HE0415: Children's Literature Course Guide Page SUPPLEMENTS Generic Supplements ESOL Strategies for Teaching Content: Facilitating Instruction for English Language Learners (0-13-090845-2) The Portfolio Planner: Making Professional Portfolios Work For You (0-13-081314-1) Positive Behavioral Supports: Five Plans for Teachers (0-13-042187-1) Surviving Your First Year of Teaching: Guidelines for Success (0-13-032573-2) OTHER TITLES OF INTEREST Jacobs/Tunnell, "Children's Literature, Briefly, 3/E, " 2004 (0-13-049924-2) Norton/Norton, "Through the Eyes of a Child: An Introduction to Children's Literature, 6/E, " 2003 (0-13-042207-X) Hillman, "Discovering Children's Literature, 3/E, " 2003 (0-13-042332-7) Darigan/Tunnell/Jacobs, "Children's Literature: Engaging Teachers and Children in Good Books, " 2002 (0-13-081355-9) Jacobs/Tunnell/Darigan, "Children's Literature Database, A Resource for Teachers, Parents and Media Specialists, 2/E, " 2002 (0-13-094618-4) Ertmer, "Education on the Internet: 2002-2003 update, " 2003 (0-13-1126385)

Book Reading Specialists and Literacy Coaches in the Real World

Download or read book Reading Specialists and Literacy Coaches in the Real World written by Brenda A. Shearer and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now more than ever, the roles and responsibilities of today’s literacy professionals are expanding. Many recent developments require a closer look at the changing careers of reading specialists, coaches, and administrators leading to an emphasis on increased collaboration and coaching, integration of standards, and student improvement initiatives. Both scholarly and practical, Reading Specialists and Literacy Coaches in the Real World provides the support and guidance both literacy and content area teachers need. The learning goals and outcomes in each chapter are aligned with ILA’s Standards for the Preparation of Literacy Professionals 2017, providing opportunities for group inquiry and new perspectives on professional learning. The authors examine the historical, political, and social forces that shape evidence-based practice and incorporate significant developments in intervention, assessment, and adolescent literacy. Their impact on instruction and the needs of students are studied in conjunction with RtI/MTSS programs, progress monitoring and differentiation, instructional technologies related to twenty-first century literacies, updated information about effective academic language instruction for English learners, and a moral imperative for fostering equity, social justice, and global perspectives. The Fourth Edition also provides Resource Materials to support the text, giving it a great deal of flexibility to explore projects for portfolios and self-assessment. In the real world, as learners among learners, literacy professionals use their experiences and voices for advocacy to help prepare students for success in their lives and careers.

Book Literacy Specialist  Fourth Edition

Download or read book Literacy Specialist Fourth Edition written by Rita M. Bean and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2020-11-16 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive practitioner resource and text for developing excellence as a PreK–12 literacy/reading specialist is now updated to reflect key changes in the field. Delving into the literacy specialist's multiple leadership roles, the book provides strategies for teaching children experiencing difficulty with reading and writing; supporting teachers through coaching and professional learning opportunities; designing curricula; conducting assessments at the student, classroom, and school levels; and building strong school, family, and community partnerships. Pedagogical features include vignettes from exemplary practitioners, questions for discussion and reflection, follow-up activities, and ideas for instructors and workshop leaders. Reproducible forms and worksheets can be downloaded and printed in a convenient 8½" x 11" size. Previous edition title: The Reading Specialist, Third Edition. New to This Edition *Broader view of literacy now encompasses reading, writing, oral language, and digital and visual literacies. *Grounded in the International Literacy Association's updated Standards 2017. *New or expanded discussions of multi-tiered systems of support, culturally responsive practice, uses of technology in instruction and professional learning, successful practices in middle and high school settings, and coaching. *Extended case example that follows one literacy specialist through her entire first year in a school. *Appendix with website resources.

Book The Reading Specialist  Second Edition

Download or read book The Reading Specialist Second Edition written by Rita M. Bean and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2009-08-28 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A trusted resource for day-to-day guidance, professional development, and certification courses, this nuts-and-bolts text explains the varied roles and responsibilities of reading specialists in grades K–12. Rita Bean offers evidence-based best practices for working with struggling readers, supporting teachers, planning curricula, and collaborating with parents, community programs, and granting agencies. Useful features include discussion questions, self-reflective exercises, and lively examples and vignettes. New to This Edition *Expanded coverage of middle and secondary school reading programs. *Addresses the reading specialist’s role in a response-to-intervention framework. *Additional chapter on literacy coaching. *Suggested learning exercises and activities for each chapter are provided in an appendix. *Many new or revised examples and reflection questions.

Book Assessment for Reading Instruction

Download or read book Assessment for Reading Instruction written by Katherine A. Dougherty Stahl and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in a revised and updated fourth edition, this accessible text has given over 100,000 preservice and inservice teachers vital tools for systematic reading assessment in grades K–8. The book explains how to use both formal and informal assessments to evaluate students' strengths and needs in all components of reading. Effective, engaging methods for targeted instruction in each area are outlined. In a convenient large-size format, the book includes 30 reproducible tools, plus an additional multipage assessment in an online-only appendix. Purchasers get access to a companion website where they can download and print the reproducible materials. New to This Edition *Expanded coverage of the middle grades (4–8), including a new chapter and case study, and explicit attention to this grade range throughout; new coauthor Kevin Flanigan adds expertise in this area. *New and expanded topics: computer-based testing methods, assessing academic language, and how to use reading inventories more accurately. *Additional reproducible tools: informal reading inventory summary form, comprehension retelling forms for narrative and informational text, computer-based comprehension test comparison worksheet, revised Informal Decoding Inventory, and more.

Book Best Practices of Literacy Leaders

Download or read book Best Practices of Literacy Leaders written by Allison Swan Dagen and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2020-02-05 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative text and practitioner resource has now been extensively revised and expanded with 70% new material covering new topics and standards in literacy leadership. Prominent experts present research-based methods for improving instruction, assessment, and professional learning experiences in PreK–12. The distinct roles of teachers, reading/literacy specialists, literacy coaches, special educators, and principals are explored, with an emphasis on fostering a culture of collaboration. Chapters highlight the standards that apply to each component of a schoolwide literacy program, give examples of what they look like in schools, and share implications for classroom practice and professional learning. Pedagogical features include guiding questions, case examples, vignettes, engagement activities, and annotated resources for further learning. New to This Edition *Now copublished with the International Literacy Association (ILA) and grounded in ILA's updated Standards 2017; expanded grade range includes PreK. *Chapters on new topics: writing instruction, sustaining schoolwide improvements, and collaborative leadership. *New chapters on core topics: the principal’s role, assessment, middle and high school literacy programs, special education, and culturally responsive instruction. *Vignettes from leaders in diverse roles, “Think About This” questions for discussion/reflection, and end-of-chapter annotated resources.

Book Making Sense of Phonics

    Book Details:
  • Author : Isabel L. Beck
  • Publisher : Guilford Publications
  • Release : 2013-07-29
  • ISBN : 1462512054
  • Pages : 258 pages

Download or read book Making Sense of Phonics written by Isabel L. Beck and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2013-07-29 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This bestselling book provides indispensable tools and strategies for explicit, systematic phonics instruction in K-3. Teachers learn effective ways to build students' decoding skills by teaching letter-sound relationships, blending, word building, multisyllabic decoding, fluency, and more. The volume is packed with engaging classroom activities, many specific examples, and research-based explanations. It offers a complete phonics assessment and clear guidelines for sequencing instruction to give every student a strong foundation for reading. More than 30 reproducible forms and word lists are included in the appendices; the companion website features a wealth of supplemental teaching resources. New to This Edition *Six additional chapters covering key topics, including assessment, phonemic awareness, orthography, and automaticity. *A complete phonics assessment with administering and scoring guidelines. *Companion website with rich supplemental resources, including word/syllable cards, assessment tools, and illustrated stories featuring target words, which teachers can project or print for classroom use. *More classroom examples and "Your Turn" activities, plus expanded word lists. See also Bringing Words to Life, Second Edition: Robust Vocabulary Instruction and Creating Robust Vocabulary: Frequently Asked Questions and Extended Examples, by Isabel L. Beck, Margaret G. McKeown, and Linda Kucan, which provide essential tools for K-12 vocabulary instruction.