Download or read book The Question of Saturation of Void Swelling in Fe Cr Ni Austenitic Alloys written by FA. Garner and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whereas in earlier publications it appeared that a possible saturation of neutron-induced void swelling might be developing at temperatures of 400 and 427°C in annealed Fe-Cr-Ni model alloys in a manner that was dependent on composition, data obtained at higher neutron exposures in EBR-II have led to the conclusion that such an expectation was erroneous. At all temperatures in the range 400-650°C, the neutron induced swelling eventually reaches ~1%/dpa and continues to very high swelling levels thereafter without any hint of saturation.
Download or read book Effects of Radiation on Materials written by Margaret L. Hamilton and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2000 with total page 1266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Radiation on Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Void Swelling of Ferritic Alloys Bombarded with Nickel Ions written by WG. Johnston and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dependence of swelling on temperature, dose and composition of simple ferritic alloys bombarded with 5 MeV Ni ions has been investigated. The peak swelling temperature of 550°C (1022°F) is 125°C (257°F) lower than for low nickel austenitic alloys. The swelling in ferritic alloys is at least an order of magnitude less than in the high swelling, low Ni, austenitic alloys. However, the swelling of simple ferritic alloys at 116 dpa overlaps that in about 40% of the austenitic phase field. The variation of swelling with temperature is due to changes in both void size and void density. The increase in swelling with dose, and the variation with Cr content, are due to the variation in void size. However, the reduction of swelling with Ni addition is due to a reduction in void density, so there is a major qualitative difference in the way Ni and Cr affect the swelling. The voids in ferritic alloys are cube-shaped in contrast to the truncated octahedra in austenitic alloys. The sharp reduction in swelling by Ni indicates that, at high doses, the implanted Ni will lead to errors in the swelling data. It is judged that the semi-quantitative conclusions drawn from the present work are not seriously compromised by the effects of implanted nickel.
Download or read book The Complex Action of Major Solutes on Radiation Induced Swelling of Fe Cr Ni Austenitic Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The radiation-induced swelling of simple Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic alloys is sensitive to solute additions. It is shown in this paper that three of the most common solute elements (P, Si, Mo) exert a very complex and often non-monotonic influence on swelling with increasing solute level. The complexity of this influence and its dependence on other variables appears to be the result of a closely balanced competition between two or more roles played by each solute in its interaction with both vacancies and interstitials. This competition yields a variety of different swelling behaviors in response to changes in solute or solvent composition, displacement rate, and irradiation temperature.
Download or read book Microstructure Evolution in Proton irradiated Austenitic Fe Cr Ni Alloys Under LWR Core Conditions written by Jian Gan and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Void Swelling in Electron Irradiated Fe Cr Ni Model Alloys written by O. Dimitrov and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the void swelling produced by 1-MeV electron irradiation in high-purity Fe-Cr-Ni alloys has been performed in order to obtain a better understanding of the composition dependence of swelling in this system. Alloys with 16 wt% chromium and 20 to 75 wt% nickel, with or without helium preinjection, were irradiated in a high-voltage electron microscope, at a displacement rate of 22 dpa/h in the temperature range 370 to 600°C, to maximum damage levels up to 105 dpa. An increase in nickel concentration was found to reduce void density, to increase incubation dose, and to shift the swelling-rate maximum to lower temperatures. A helium preinjection of 70 appm reduces strongly the effect of material composition. The application of a simple void-growth model to the experimental results shows that the changes of point-defect parameters with nickel concentration produce variations of the calculated swelling rate that exhibit the observed trends. However these variations are of only marginal amplitude, as compared with the swelling-rate variations resulting from the observed microstructural changes. The bias factor was found to decrease with decreasing temperature in the 20 wt% Ni alloy; it also decreased at 500°C, with increasing nickel concentration.
Download or read book Neutron Induced Swelling of Fe Mn and Fe Cr Mn Austenitic Alloys written by HR. Brager and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An effort is underway to explore the potential of Fe-Cr-Mn austenitic alloys as substitutes for Fe-Cr-Ni alloys in fusion reactors. This substitution is desired to achieve a reduced level of long-term radioactivity and thereby reduce the cost and safety hazards associated with disposal of reactor components at their end of life. Neutron-induced swelling data to 50 dpa are now available at 520°C for three reduced activation alloy series and for lower exposures at 420 and 600°C. These three series cover simple binary and ternary alloys, solute-modified ternaries, and a variety of commercially available Fe-Cr-Mn alloys. The swelling of these alloys is initially similar to that of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys but then changes in response to phase instabilities that develop in the Fe-Cr-Mn system.
Download or read book The Complex Action of Major Solutes on Radiation Induced Swelling of Fe Cr Ni Austenitic Alloys written by FA. Garner and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The radiation-induced swelling of simple Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic alloys is known to be very sensitive to solute additions. It is shown in this paper that three of the most common solute elements (P,Si,Mo) exert a very complex and often non-monotonic influence on swelling with increasing solute level. The complexity of this influence and its dependence on other variables appears to be the result of a closely balanced competition between two or more roles played by each solute in its interaction with both vacancies and interstitials. This competition yields a variety of different swelling behaviors in response to changes in solute or solvent composition, displacement rate, and irradiation temperature.
Download or read book Void Swelling in Binary Fe Cr Alloys at 200 DPA written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microstructural examinations have been performed on a series of binary Fe-Cr alloys irradiated in the FFTF/MOTA at 425C to 200 dpa. The data represent the highest swelling levels reported in neutron irradiated ferritic alloys. The alloy compositions ranged from 3 to 18% Cr in 3% Cr increments, and the irradiation temperature corresponded to the peak swelling condition for this alloy class. Density measurements showed swelling levels as high as 7.4%, with the highest swelling found in the Fe-9Cr and Fe-6Cr alloys. Microstructural examinations revealed that the highest swelling conditions contained well-developed voids, often as large as 100 nm, and a dislocation network comprised of both 2{sup a}111 and a100 Burgers vectors. Swelling was lower in the other alloys, and the swelling reduction could be correlated with increased precipitation. These results are considered in light of current theories for low swelling in ferritic alloys, but no theory is available to completely explain the results.
Download or read book Effect of Metallurgical Variables on Void Swelling written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanism of void swelling is reviewed briefly and the anticipated effects of metallurgical variables are described. Experimental results showing the effects of metallurgical variables are reviewed, most of the work being done by simulation methods employing charged particle bombardments to simulate reactor damage. Although the early emphasis was on structural variables such as grain size, cold work and precipitates to control swelling, it now seems that the practical reduction of swelling will be achieved by modifying alloy composition. Void swelling is strongly influenced by the relative amounts of Fe, Cr, and Ni in an alloy; the amount of swelling can be varied by three orders of magnitude by changing the relative amounts of the three elements in an austenitic ternary alloy. The effect of composition on swelling of a simple ferritic alloy will also be described. The swelling of a simple austenitic alloy of Fe, Cr, and Ni can be reduced by certain minor element additions. The most effective swelling inhibitors are Si, Ti, Zr, and Nb, and combinations of Si and Ti are synergetic. Swelling reductions of two orders of magnitude have been achieved with combined additions. Predictions of swelling in commercial solid solution alloys are made on the basis of the present knowledge of the effects of major composition and minor element additions. The predictions agree with experimental results. For more complex commercial alloys, predictions are made for the effects on swelling of heat treatments that cause changes in matrix composition. In some cases, heat treatment is expected to change the peak swelling by more than a factor of ten, and to shift the peak swelling temperature by almost 100°C. Sensitivity of swelling to detailed matrix composition places emphasis on the need for developing understanding of the stability of structure and local composition in an irradiation environment.
Download or read book Comprehensive Nuclear Materials written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 4871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials in a nuclear environment are exposed to extreme conditions of radiation, temperature and/or corrosion, and in many cases the combination of these makes the material behavior very different from conventional materials. This is evident for the four major technological challenges the nuclear technology domain is facing currently: (i) long-term operation of existing Generation II nuclear power plants, (ii) the design of the next generation reactors (Generation IV), (iii) the construction of the ITER fusion reactor in Cadarache (France), (iv) and the intermediate and final disposal of nuclear waste. In order to address these challenges, engineers and designers need to know the properties of a wide variety of materials under these conditions and to understand the underlying processes affecting changes in their behavior, in order to assess their performance and to determine the limits of operation. Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set provides broad ranging, validated summaries of all the major topics in the field of nuclear material research for fission as well as fusion reactor systems. Attention is given to the fundamental scientific aspects of nuclear materials: fuel and structural materials for fission reactors, waste materials, and materials for fusion reactors. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource of information. Most of the chapters from the first Edition have been revised and updated and a significant number of new topics are covered in completely new material. During the ten years between the two editions, the challenge for applications of nuclear materials has been significantly impacted by world events, public awareness, and technological innovation. Materials play a key role as enablers of new technologies, and we trust that this new edition of Comprehensive Nuclear Materials has captured the key recent developments. Critically reviews the major classes and functions of materials, supporting the selection, assessment, validation and engineering of materials in extreme nuclear environments Comprehensive resource for up-to-date and authoritative information which is not always available elsewhere, even in journals Provides an in-depth treatment of materials modeling and simulation, with a specific focus on nuclear issues Serves as an excellent entry point for students and researchers new to the field
Download or read book Modeling the Effect of Irradiation and Post irradiation Annealing on Grain Boundary Composition in Austenitic Fe Cr Ni Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many irradiation effects in Fe-Cr-Ni alloys such as radiation-induced segregation, radiation-enhanced diffusion, and void swelling are known to vary with bulk alloy composition. The development of microstructural and microchemical changes during irradiation and during post-irradiation annealing is determined by the rate of diffusion of point defects and alloying elements. To accurately predict the changes in grain boundary chemistry due to radiation-induced segregation and post-irradiation annealing, the composition dependence of diffusion parameters, such as the migration energy, must be known. A model has been developed which calculates migration diffusivity. The advantages of this calculational method are that a single set of input parameters can be used for a wide range of bulk alloy compositions, and the effects of local order can easily be incorporated into the calculations. A description of the model is presented, and model calculations are compared to segregation measurements from seven different iron-chromium-nickel alloys, irradiated with protons to doses from 0.1 to 3.0 dpa at temperatures between 200 C and 600 C. Results show that segregation trends can be modeled using a single set of input parameters with the difference between model calculation and measurement being less than 5 at%, but usually less than 2 at%. Additionally, model predictions are compared to grain boundary composition measurements of neutron irradiated 304 stainless steel following annealing. For the limited annealing data available, model calculations correctly predict the magnitude and time scale for recovery of the grain boundary composition.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NSA is a comprehensive collection of international nuclear science and technology literature for the period 1948 through 1976, pre-dating the prestigious INIS database, which began in 1970. NSA existed as a printed product (Volumes 1-33) initially, created by DOE's predecessor, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). NSA includes citations to scientific and technical reports from the AEC, the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration and its contractors, plus other agencies and international organizations, universities, and industrial and research organizations. References to books, conference proceedings, papers, patents, dissertations, engineering drawings, and journal articles from worldwide sources are also included. Abstracts and full text are provided if available.
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spinodal like Decomposition and Swelling Induced by Ion Irradiation in Simple Fe Ni and Fe Ni Cr Alloys written by RA. Dodd and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A previously published correlation between the compositional dependence of neutron-induced swelling at high temperatures in Fe-Ni-Cr alloys and the development of compositional micro-oscillations has also been found in this study of swelling induced by 5-MeV Ni+ ion irradiation. The tendency toward decomposition is strongest in the 35 to 45% nickel range and diminishes in the range of 60 to 75% nickel. Chromium appears to play no role other than as a surrogate for iron. The scale of the micro-oscillation appears to be more sensitive to temperature than displacement rate. One consequence of this decomposition is the occasional formation of precipitate phases upon cooling after irradiation. In Fe-35Ni, cellular martensite is found to form after irradiation at 625, 675, and 725°C. In Fe-60Ni-15Cr irradiated at 625°C an ordered phase that may be Ni3(Fe,Cr) is sometimes formed. The fortuitous formation of these phases allows the visualization of the size and spacing of the compositional modulations.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
