Download or read book The Quest for Cryptologic Centralization and the Establishment of NSA 1940 1952 written by Thomas L. Burns and published by . This book was released on 2005-01-03 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Center for Cryptologic History (CCH) is proud to publish the first title under its own imprint, Thomas L. Burns's The Origins of NSA.* In recent years, the NSA history program has published a number of volumes dealing with exciting and even controversial subjects: a new look at the Pearl Harbor attack, for example. Tom Burns's study of the creation of NSA is a different kind of history from the former. It is a masterfully researched and documented account of the evolution of a national SIGINT effort following World War II, beginning with the fragile trends toward unification of the military services as they sought to cope with a greatly changed environment following the war, and continuing through the unsatisfactory experience under the Armed Forces Security Agency. Mr. Burns also makes an especially important contribution by helping us to understand the role of the civilian agencies in forcing the creation of NSA and the bureaucratic infighting by which they were able to achieve that end. At first glance, one might think that this organizational history would be far from "best seller" material. In fact, the opposite is the case. It is essential reading for the serious SIGINT professional, both civilian and military. Mr. Burns has identified most of the major themes which have contributed to the development of the institutions which characterize our profession: the struggle between centralized and decentralized control of SIGINT, interservice and interagency rivalries, budget problems, tactical versus national strategic requirements, the difficulties of mechanization of processes, and the rise of a strong bureaucracy. These factors, which we recognize as still powerful and in large measure still shaping operational and institutional development, are the same ones that brought about the birth of NSA. The history staff would also like to acknowledge a debt owed to our predecessors, Dr. George F. Howe and his associates, who produced a manuscript entitled "The Narrative History of AFSA/NSA." Dr. Howe's study takes a different course from the present publication and is complementary to it, detailing the internal organization and operational activities of AFSA, and serves as an invaluable reference about that period. The Howe manuscript is available to interested researchers in the CCH. It remains for each reader to take what Tom Burns has presented in the way of historical fact and correlate it to his/her experience. This exercise should prove most interesting and illuminating.

Download or read book The Quest for Cryptologic Centralization and the Establishment of NSA 1940 1952 written by Center for Cryptologic History and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Center for Cryptologic History (CCH) is proud to publish the first title under its own imprint, Thomas L. Burns's The Origins of NSA.* In recent years, the NSA history program has published a number of volumes dealing with exciting and even controversial subjects: a new look at the Pearl Harbor attack, for example. Tom Burns's study of the creation of NSA is a different kind of history from the former. It is a masterfully researched and documented account of the evolution of a national SIGINT effort following World War II, beginning with the fragile trends toward unification of the military services as they sought to cope with a greatly changed environment following the war, and continuing through the unsatisfactory experience under the Armed Forces Security Agency. Mr. Burns also makes an especially important contribution by helping us to understand the role of the civilian agencies in forcing the creation of NSA and the bureaucratic infighting by which they were able to achieve that end. At first glance, one might think that this organizational history would be far from “best seller” material. In fact, the opposite is the case. It is essential reading for the serious SIGINT professional, both civilian and military. Mr. Burns has identified most of the major themes which have contributed to the development of the institutions which characterize our profession: the struggle between centralized and decentralized control of SIGINT, interservice and interagency rivalries, budget problems, tactical versus national strategic requirements, the difficulties of mechanization of processes, and the rise of a strong bureaucracy. These factors, which we recognize as still powerful and in large measure still shaping operational and institutional development, are the same ones that brought about the birth of NSA. The history staff would also like to acknowledge a debt owed to our predecessors, Dr. George F.Howe and his associates, who produced a manuscript entitled“ The Narrative History of AFSA/NSA.” Dr. Howe's study takes a different course from the present publication and is complementary to it, detailing the internal organization and operational activities of AFSA, and serves as an invaluable reference about that period. The Howe manuscript is available to interested researchers in the CCH. It remains for each reader to take what Tom Burns has presented in the way of historical fact and correlate it to his/her experience. This exercise should prove most interesting and illuminating.~

Download or read book The Quest for Cryptologic Centralization and the Establishment of NSA written by Thomas L. Burns and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An account of the evolution of a national SIGINT effort following WWII. A discussion of the fragile trends toward unification of the military services after the war and the unsatisfactory experience under the Armed Forces Security Agency"--Resource description page.

Download or read book The Quest for Cryptologic Centralization and the Establishment of NSA written by Center for Cryptologic History and published by . This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Center for Cryptologic History (CCH) is proud to publish the first title under its own imprint, Thomas L. Burns's The Origins of NSA.* In recent years, the NSA history program has published a number of volumes dealing with exciting and even controversial subjects: a new look at the Pearl Harbor attack, for example. Tom Burns's study of the creation of NSA is a different kind of history from the former. It is a masterfully researched and documented account of the evolution of a national SIGINT effort following World War II, beginning with the fragile trends toward unification of the military services as they sought to cope with a greatly changed environment following the war, and continuing through the unsatisfactory experience under the Armed Forces Security Agency. Mr. Burns also makes an especially important contribution by helping us to understand the role of the civilian agencies in forcing the creation of NSA and the bureaucratic infighting by which they were able to achieve that end. At first glance, one might think that this organizational history would be far from "best seller" material. In fact, the opposite is the case. It is essential reading for the serious SIGINT professional, both civilian and military. Mr. Burns has identified most of the major themes which have contributed to the development of the institutions which characterize our profession: the struggle between centralized and decentralized control of SIGINT, interservice and interagency rivalries, budget problems, tactical versus national strategic requirements, the difficulties of mechanization of processes, and the rise of a strong bureaucracy. These factors, which we recognize as still powerful and in large measure still shaping operational and institutional development, are the same ones that brought about the birth of NSA. The history staff would also like to acknowledge a debt owed to our predecessors, Dr. George F. Howe and his associates, who produced a manuscript entitled "The Narrative History of AFSA/NSA." Dr. Howe's study takes a different course from the present publication and is complementary to it, detailing the internal organization and operational activities of AFSA, and serves as an invaluable reference about that period. The Howe manuscript is available to interested researchers in the CCH. It remains for each reader to take what Tom Burns has presented in the way of historical fact and correlate it to his/her experience. This exercise should prove most interesting and illuminating.

Download or read book The Quest for Cryptologic Centralization and the Establishment of NSA written by Thomas L. Burns and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An account of the evolution of a national SIGINT effort following WWII. A discussion of the fragile trends toward unification of the military services after the war and the unsatisfactory experience under the Armed Forces Security Agency"--Resource description page.

Download or read book The Quest for Cryptologic Centralization and the Establishment of the NSA written by Thomas L. Burns,, Thomas LBurns Center for Cryptologic History, National Security Agency and published by . This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is a story that in the past has been only partially glimpsed. Mr. Burns originally intended this as an in-house study. It is now available to help those interested in intelligence or cryptologic history to understand the forces that produced a major institution in the field." -David A. Hatch, NSA Historian Table of Contents Forewords Acknowledgments Introduction: The Struggle to Control a Unique Resource Chapter I: Early Army-Navy COMINT Relations, 1930-1945 Chapter II: The Military Services and the Joint Operating Plan, 1946-1949 Chapter III: The Emerging National Intelligence Structure and the United States Communications Intelligence Board, 1946-1949 Chapter IV: Creation of the Armed Forces Security Agency, 1949-1952 Chapter V: AFSA, the CONSIDO Plan, and the Korean War, 1949-1952 Chapter VI: The Brownell Committee and the Establishment of NSA, 4 November 1952 Chapter VII: Summary: The Struggle for Control Continues Abbreviations Notes Notes on Sources

Download or read book The Quest for Cryptological Centralization and the Establishment of NSA written by Thomas L. Burns and published by www.Militarybookshop.CompanyUK. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The position of the National Security Agency (NSA) as the centralized communications intelligence (COMINT) agency for the U.S. government is so well-established that it is difficult to grasp the scope of the lengthy post-World War II debate over a centralized versus decentralized U.S. COMINT capability. Only after the appointment of a presidential commission by President Truman and its subsequent report (the Brownell Report) was the managerial foundation of what was to become the NSA put in place. "The Quest for Cryptological Centralization and the Establishment of NSA: 1940-1952" documents the origins of NSA. It attempts to explain "what happened regarding the issues and conflicts that led Truman to establish a centralized COMINT agency by tracing the evolution of the various military COMINT organizations from the 1930s to NSA's establishment in 1952. This study highlights the main events, policies, and leaders of the early post-war years, with emphasis on the jurisdictional struggles between military and civilian authorities over the control and direction of American COMINT resources. Moving chronologically from the pre-war and war years through the 1946-1949 period, which marked the passage of the National Security Act of 1947 and the beginning of high-level efforts to centralize U.S. intelligence responsibilities, "The Quest for Cryptological Centralization and the Establishment of NSA" then focuses on the Brownell Committee and its deliberations, and concludes with an overall review of COMINT organizational changes and a suggestion that the struggle may not be over even today. Historians and intelligence professionals alike will find important insights into the politics of COMINT in the post-war world and the implications they hold for intelligence organizations today.

Download or read book Intelligence Oversight in Times of Transnational Impunity written by Didier Bigo and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book adopts a critical lens to look at the workings of Western intelligence and intelligence oversight over time and space. Largely confined to the sub-field of intelligence studies, scholarly engagements with intelligence oversight have typically downplayed the violence carried out by secretive agencies. These studies have often served to justify weak oversight structures and promoted only marginal adaptations of policy frameworks in the wake of intelligence scandals. The essays gathered in this volume challenge the prevailing doxa in the academic field, adopting a critical lens to look at the workings of intelligence oversight in Europe and North America. Through chapters spanning across multiple disciplines – political sociology, history, and law – the book aims to recast intelligence oversight as acting in symbiosis with the legitimisation of the state’s secret violence and the enactment of impunity, showing how intelligence actors practically navigate the legal and political constraints created by oversight frameworks and practices, for instance by developing transnational networks of interdependence. The book also explores inventive legal steps and human rights mechanisms aimed at bridging some of the most serious gaps in existing frameworks, drawing inspiration from recent policy developments in the international struggle against torture. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, sociology, security studies, and international relations.

Download or read book Intelligence and National Security written by J. Ransom Clark and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2007-08-30 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clark presents a brief history of the creation and development of the intelligence services in the United States. He centers his examination on the two main constants in the American way of gathering, processing, analyzing, and using intelligence; change and a concern for the impact of secret activities on democratic government. Resolving the ever-growing need for informed decision making continues to put pressure on the country's ability to manage and provide oversight of intelligence. Clark assesses how those forces have resulted in ongoing changes to the intelligence apparatus in the United States. Consistent with other volumes in this series, Clark supplements his narrative with key documents and brief biographies of influential personalities within the intelligence community to further illustrate his conclusions. Clark provides a current, explanatory text and reference work that deals with what intelligence is, what it can and cannot do, how it functions, and why it matters within the context of furthering American national security. He describes the U.S. intelligence community prior to WWII, demonstrating that intellignece gathering and espionage have played a key role in national security and warfare since the inception of the Republic. Through their ubiquity, Clark establishes them as a necessary function of government and governmental decision making. Today, the intelligence apparatus encompasses numerous activities and organizations. They are all responsible for different parts of the practice of collecting, processing, analyzing, disseminating, and using intelligence. With the demise of the Soviet Union in 1991, significant stresses began to appear in the U.S. approach to the intelligence process; Clark concludes by chronicling those stresses and the attendant drive for change was accelerated after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.

Download or read book Code Warriors written by Stephen Budiansky and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2017-08-22 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sweeping, in-depth history of NSA, whose famous “cult of silence” has left the agency shrouded in mystery for decades The National Security Agency was born out of the legendary codebreaking programs of World War II that cracked the famed Enigma machine and other German and Japanese codes, thereby turning the tide of Allied victory. In the postwar years, as the United States developed a new enemy in the Soviet Union, our intelligence community found itself targeting not soldiers on the battlefield, but suspected spies, foreign leaders, and even American citizens. Throughout the second half of the twentieth century, NSA played a vital, often fraught and controversial role in the major events of the Cold War, from the Korean War to the Cuban Missile Crisis to Vietnam and beyond. In Code Warriors, Stephen Budiansky—a longtime expert in cryptology—tells the fascinating story of how NSA came to be, from its roots in World War II through the fall of the Berlin Wall. Along the way, he guides us through the fascinating challenges faced by cryptanalysts, and how they broke some of the most complicated codes of the twentieth century. With access to new documents, Budiansky shows where the agency succeeded and failed during the Cold War, but his account also offers crucial perspective for assessing NSA today in the wake of the Edward Snowden revelations. Budiansky shows how NSA’s obsession with recording every bit of data and decoding every signal is far from a new development; throughout its history the depth and breadth of the agency’s reach has resulted in both remarkable successes and destructive failures. Featuring a series of appendixes that explain the technical details of Soviet codes and how they were broken, this is a rich and riveting history of the underbelly of the Cold War, and an essential and timely read for all who seek to understand the origins of the modern NSA.

Download or read book An Encyclopedia of American Women at War 2 volumes written by Lisa . Tendrich Frank and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2013-01-17 with total page 1241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sweeping review of the role of women within the American military from the colonial period to the present day. In America, the achievements, defeats, and glory of war are traditionally ascribed to men. Women, however, have been an integral part of our country's military history from the very beginning. This unprecedented encyclopedia explores the accomplishments and actions of the "fairer sex" in the various conflicts in which the United States has fought. An Encyclopedia of American Women at War: From the Home Front to the Battlefields contains entries on all of the major themes, organizations, wars, and biographies related to the history of women and the American military. The book traces the evolution of their roles—as leaders, spies, soldiers, and nurses—and illustrates women's participation in actions on the ground as well as in making the key decisions of developing conflicts. From the colonial conflicts with European powers to the current War on Terror, coverage is comprehensive, with material organized in an easy-to-use, A–Z, ready-reference format.

Download or read book Stand Up and Fight written by Ty Seidule and published by Department of the Army. This book was released on 2015 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stand Up and Fight is a collection of essays that explores how new National Security Organizations are stood up--that is, formed, organized, funded, and managed--in the first years of their existence. From Joint ventures to combatant commands to cabinet-level departments, each organization's history reveals important themes and lessons for leaders to consider in forming a new organization. A substantive introduction defines the scope of the project and outlines several important themes including organizational rivalry, the problems of analogical reasoning, the use of simulations, the consequences of failure, the significance of leadership and organizational culture, working with allies, the role of fear and emotion, and the basic advice that "the best defense is a good offense." The book includes thirteen substantive chapters, each of which covers a different national security organization. Section I on U.S. unified combatant commands includes chapters on U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM), U.S. Joint Forces Command (JFCOM), U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM), U.S. Transportation Command (TRANSCOM), and Space Command (SPACECOM). Section II, on sub-unified commands and organizations includes chapters on U.S. Cyber Command (CYBERCOM) and the Vietnam-era Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS). Section III deals with issues of allied commands and covers military government in post-WWII Germany, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE), and North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). Section IV explores Department of Defense and cabinet-level organizations including The U.S. Air Force (USAF), the National Security Agency (NSA), and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The conclusion again draws out several relevant themes and offers some practical recommendations and insights for leaders who are charged with standing up a new organization. Related products: Critical Thinking and Intelligence Analysis is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-020-01589-0 The Armed Forces Officer is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01234-2 Adapting to Flexible Response, 1960-1968 is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01082-0 The Rise of iWar: Identity, Information, and Individualization of Modern Warfare is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01198-2

Download or read book War in the Age of Intelligent Machines written by Manuel De Landa and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author aims to show how the emergence of intelligent and autonomous bombs and missiles equipped with artificial perception and decision-making capabilities represents a profound historical shift in the relation of human beings both to machines and to information.

Download or read book The World Wide Military Command and Control System evolution and effectiveness written by David Eric Pearson and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perhaps the best single way to summarize it is to view the book as a bureaucratic or organizational history. What the author does is to take three distinct historical themes-organization, technology, and ideology and examine how each contributed to the development of WWMCCS and its ability (and frequent inability) to satisfy the demands of national leadership. Whereas earlier works were primarily descriptive, cataloguing the command and control assets then in place or under development, The book offers more analysis by focusing on the issue of how and why WWMCCS developed the way it did. While at first glance less provocative, this approach is potentially more useful for defense decision makers dealing with complex human and technological systems in the post-cold-war era. It also makes for a better story and, I trust, a more interesting read. By necessity, this work is selective. The elements of WWMCCS are so numerous, and the parameters of the system potentially so expansive, that a full treatment is impossible within the compass of a single volume. Indeed, a full treatment of even a single WWMCCS asset or subsystem-the Defense Satellite Communications System, Extremely Low Frequency Communications, the National Military Command System, to name but a few-could itself constitute a substantial work. In its broadest conceptualization, WWMCCS is the world, and my approach has been to deal with the head of the octopus rather than its myriad tentacles.

Download or read book The Intelligence War written by William V. Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The American Black Chamber written by Herbert O. Yardley and published by Naval Institute Press. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1920s Herbert O. Yardley was chief of the first peacetime cryptanalytic organization in the United States, the ancestor of today's National Security Agency. Funded by the U.S. Army and the Department of State and working out of New York, his small and highly secret unit succeeded in breaking the diplomatic codes of several nations, including Japan. The decrypts played a critical role in U.S. diplomacy. Despite its extraordinary successes, the Black Chamber, as it came to known, was disbanded in 1929. President Hoover's new Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson refused to continue its funding with the now-famous comment, "Gentlemen do not read other people's mail." In 1931 a disappointed Yardley caused a sensation when he published this book and revealed to the world exactly what his agency had done with the secret and illegal cooperation of nearly the entire American cable industry. These revelations and Yardley's right to publish them set into motion a conflict that continues to this day: the right to freedom of expression versus national security. In addition to offering an exposé on post-World War I cryptology, the book is filled with exciting stories and personalities.

Download or read book Cybersecurity Ethics written by Mary Manjikian and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new textbook offers an accessible introduction to the topic of cybersecurity ethics. The book is split into three parts. Part I provides an introduction to the field of ethics, philosophy and philosophy of science, three ethical frameworks – virtue ethics, utilitarian ethics and communitarian ethics – and the notion of ethical hacking. Part II applies these frameworks to particular issues within the field of cybersecurity, including privacy rights, intellectual property and piracy, surveillance, and cyberethics in relation to military affairs. The third part concludes by exploring current codes of ethics used in cybersecurity. The overall aims of the book are to: provide ethical frameworks to aid decision making; present the key ethical issues in relation to computer security; highlight the connection between values and beliefs and the professional code of ethics. The textbook also includes three different features to aid students: ‘Going Deeper’ provides background information on key individuals and concepts; ‘Critical Issues’ features contemporary case studies; and ‘Applications’ examine specific technologies or practices which raise ethical issues. The book will be of much interest to students of cybersecurity, cyberethics, hacking, surveillance studies, ethics and information science.