Download or read book The Potential Therapeutic Approaches to Improve Peripheral Nerve Functional Recovery from Injury written by Kuang-Ching Chris Tseng and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Traumatic peripheral nerve crush injuries contribute a great deal of morbidity in patients and little improvement has been made in the treatment of these injuries in many years. Diagnosis and treatment of traumatic peripheral nerve damage suffer from a lack of means of accurately diagnosing the reasons for loss of nerve function and a lack of means of enhancing the time course of repair in injuries in which nerve function is lost for reasons other than axonal transection. In the current work, we demonstrate that administration of erythropoietin (EPO) shortens the time course of recovery after experimental crush injury to the mouse sciatic nerve. We found that systemic EPO administration maintained more myelinated axons at the site of injury in vivo following sciatic nerve crush. In vitro, EPO treatment promotes myelin formation and protects myelin from the effects of nitric oxide exposure in co-cultures of Schwann cells and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. These results suggested local EPO application might also be effective in promoting functional recovery, which would avoid potential systemic side effects of systemic EPO administration. We therefore developed a novel local treatment for peripheral nerve injury of EPO delivered in a fibrin glue matrix at the site of injury. Local delivery was as effective as systemic EPO administration, and thus may provide a potentially useful approach to enhancing recovery in peripheral nerve injuries. We also demonstrate that a single administration of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), which enables impulse conduction in demyelinated axons, transiently restores function and allows identification of injuries in which axons are intact but not functional. We further demonstrate that repeated 4-AP administration markedly improves the time course of recovery from crush injuries in the peripheral nerve as determined by behavioral and electophysiological analyses. Equal or greater efficacy is provided by localized delivery of slow-release formulations of 4-AP at the lesion site. In addition, we provide biochemical and ultrastructural evidence to show that repeated systemic 4-AP delivery and localized slow-release delivery enhance remyelination after injury. Thus, we provide a single therapeutic approach that addresses critical issues in diagnosing peripheral nerve injury and enhancing repair, and provides the first pharmacological approach to enhancing myelin repair. As 4-AP is already used in the clinic for treatment of multiple sclerosis, our approaches are highly suitable for rapid translation from the laboratory to clinical analysis"--Pages v-vi.
Download or read book Peripheral Nerve Regeneration written by Giovanna Gambarotta and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-12-24 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modern Concepts of Peripheral Nerve Repair written by Kirsten Haastert-Talini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on posttraumatic repair and reconstruction of peripheral nerves. Written by internationally respected specialists, it provides an overview of the challenges and the latest advances in diagnosis and treatment of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries. It presents an outline of state-of the-art procedures from diagnostics, including newest imaging techniques, over conventional and alternative surgical approaches to clinical follow-up and rehabilitation, including the latest concepts to improve functional recovery. The purely clinical topics are preceded by neuroanatomical principles and neurobiological events related to peripheral nerve transection injuries and followed by an outlook on current experimental developments in the area of biomaterials for artificial nerve grafts and peripheral nerve tissue engineering. Peripheral nerve injuries not only affect the nerve tissue at the site of injury, but also target tissue and parts of the central nervous system. They often have dramatic consequences for patients, including loss of sensory and motor functions combined with paresthesia or pain, and a reduced quality of life and ability to work. An adequate understanding of the procedures for proper decision-making and reconstructing peripheral nerves is therefore essential to ensure optimized functional recovery.
Download or read book Peripheral Nerve Injury An Anatomical and Physiological Approach for Physical Therapy Intervention written by Stephen Carp and published by F.A. Davis. This book was released on 2015-04-21 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here’s everything you need to know about peripheral nerve injuries and how to recognize and treat acute and chronic injuries and conditions across the lifespan. In-depth discussions, organized in a streamlined format, ensure you understand the identification, pathophysiology, assessment, and procedural interventions associated with peripheral nerve injuries. Build the knowledge base you need to evaluate the most common to complex injuries, make a diagnosis, and implement a plan of care with this one-of-a-kind resource.
Download or read book Cellular Biological Approaches to Treating Peripheral Nerve Injuries written by P. J. Kingham and published by . This book was released on 2015-05-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is poor, and it has become clear that surgical reconstruction should be combined with novel therapies which address the problems of the limited rate and quantity of axonal regeneration, neuronal cell death and target organ atrophy. There is significant scope for the application of cellular and biological approaches towards peripheral nerve repair. This special topics issue begins with an introduction to the importance of Schwann cell-axon interactions which is followed by a series of papers highlighting the exciting therapeutic potential of various cell types including skin, adipose, bone marrow and hair follicle-derived adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and olfactory ensheathing cells. Another biological approach, the use of chondroitinase to overcome nerve scarring, is also described. Finally, noninvasive imaging methods, which will be necessary to determine the efficacy of these novel treatments, are reviewed. The publication will be of interest to a large number of interdisciplinary scientists including cell biologists, biomaterials scientists and chemists as well as surgeons who are involved in translational research aimed at improving the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
Download or read book Indwelling Neural Implants written by William M. Reichert and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-12-17 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite enormous advances made in the development of external effector prosthetics over the last quarter century, significant questions remain, especially those concerning signal degradation that occurs with chronically implanted neuroelectrodes. Offering contributions from pioneering researchers in neuroprosthetics and tissue repair, Indwel
Download or read book Peripheral Nerve Issues after Orthopedic Surgery written by Christopher J. Dy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-11-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peripheral nerve issues are potential sequalae of orthopedic surgery, even after cases in which technically excellent surgery was performed. These injuries can impede the expected recovery of function after the primary surgery. Given the manifold challenges associated with recovery of peripheral nerve injuries, this book is designed as a multidisciplinary guide to the diagnosis, prognostication and treatment of peripheral nerve issues after common orthopedic surgeries. Beginning with an overview of nerve compression, injury and regeneration, as well as a presentation of the current diagnostic and imaging modalities for peripheral nerve injuries, this unique text is organized by anatomic region and by type of procedure performed. Topics covered include shoulder and elbow arthroplasty and arthroscopy, fractures of the hand and wrist, hip preservation surgery, total knee replacement, open surgery of the foot and ankle, lumbosacral myeloradiculopathy, and more. Each chapter is authored by both a subspecialty surgeon who routinely performs the surgeries described and a subspecialized hand/peripheral nerve surgeon with experience in evaluating and treating nerve issues after that particular injury. Emphasis is placed on multidisciplinary team approaches, patient counseling, and technical aspects of surgical treatment. Generously illustrated and written by experts in the field, Peripheral Nerve Issues after Orthopedic Surgery is a truly interdisciplinary resource for orthopedic, plastic, hand and trauma surgeons, physiatrists, trainees, and all professionals evaluating and managing postoperative peripheral nerve issues.
Download or read book Improving Recovery Following Neurological Injury Utilizing Targeted Plasticity Therapy written by Michael Jeffrey Darrow and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurological injuries often cause permanent, significant impairments in motor and sensory function. Spinal cord injury affects 276,000 individuals in the United States and millions more worldwide, while 20 million American suffer from peripheral nerve related injuries. Both of these injuries commonly cause upper extremity motor and sensory dysfunction, which can persist for the rest of their lives. Currently, there are no consistently effective treatment options to restore sensorimotor function in patients suffering from these disabilities. In recent years, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with rehabilitation has emerged as a possible therapeutic intervention for treating motor and sensory dysfunction following a number of neurological injuries including ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. This dissertation works to further these findings by investigating new injury models and new modalities for restoring further function while simultaneously optimizing aspects of the therapy for more seamless translation to the clinic. We first describe how VNS paired with motor rehabilitation can be utilized to drive significant recovery in different models of spinal cord injury at the fifth cervical level. In the same study, we go on to demonstrate the importance of pairing VNS with neural activing driving the desired outcomes. Next, we vary the timing of VNS with the paired event in order to identify a synaptic eligibility trace of VNS which can be utilized to further optimize VNS pairings in the clinic. It was also discovered VNS paired with rehabilitation can drive plasticity in spared motor networks through the use of intracortical mapping and viral transsynaptic tract tracing. We investigated spinal cord injury at a lower level, C7, with a new bilateral injury model, and found that despite a loss in distal forelimb motor pools, VNS paired with rehabilitation was able to significantly enhance motor recovery. Generalization to similar but untrained tasks was also observed, further highlighting the potential for clinical translation. Next, we were able to demonstrate the use of VNS paired with sensory stimuli in order to restore sensory function following a model of chronic sensory loss in the forelimb, peripheral nerve injury. Not only did VNS paired with tactile rehabilitation drive significant enhancement of mechanosensory withdrawal thresholds, these VNS-mediated benefits were found to last for over two months. While generalization was not observed in a predominantly motor task, grip strength, it was observed in multiple sensorimotor functions including skilled forelimb placement, toe spread, and spontaneous forelimb use. The findings of this dissertation clearly demonstrate that VNS therapy paired with rehabilitation can significantly improve recovery of motor and sensory function following neurological injury. We demonstrate the first use of VNS therapy to treat dysfunction after spinal cord injury. We demonstrate the first preclinical use of VNS therapy to restore somatosensory function following peripheral nerve injury. Lastly, this dissertation demonstrates the clinical utility and massive potential for translation to improve both motor and sensory function following neurological injury.
Download or read book Surgical Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves written by Rolfe Birch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-21 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the highly praised first edition of Surgical Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves was published in 1998, greater understanding of the the molecular and cellular events which underlie the response of nerves to injury, regeneration and neuropathic pain has been achieved. This second edition has been fully updated in line with new clinical knowledge, and also incorporates the extensive study of thousands of surgical case studies spanning repairs of the supraclavicular plexus in the adult, the birth lesion of the brachial plexus,compound nerve injury and iatrogenous injury. Beginning with the fundamentals of the anatomy and function of the peripheral nervous system, and working its way through various types of injury, operative methods, the regeneration and recovery of nerves, surgical reconstruction, pain, and rehabilitation, this eloquently written work provides the reader with the solid understanding required to successfully perform surgery on the peripheral nervous system. Dr Shelagh Smith, joined by Dr Ravi Knight, has rewritten the chapter Electrodiagnosis. Professor Tara Renton has written a new chapter on injuries to the trigeminal nerve in maxilla-facial and dental work. The drawings, by Mr Philip Wilson, are new. Most of the 700 illustrations are also new. This thorough and authoritative look at the surgical treatment of the peripheral nerves is fully illustrated throughout with exquisite line diagrams and clear, instructive photographs.
Download or read book Peripheral Nerve Regeneration written by Ana Colette Maurício and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-05-31 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peripheral nerve injuries are a high-incidence clinical problem that greatly affects patients' quality of life. Despite continuous refinement of microsurgery techniques, peripheral nerve repair still stands as one of the most challenging tasks in neurosurgery, as functional neuromuscular recovery is rarely satisfactory in these patients. Therefore, the improvement of surgical techniques and the clinical application of innovative therapies have been intensively studied worldwide. Direct nerve repair with epineural end-to-end sutures is still the gold standard treatment for severe neurotmesis injuries but only in cases where well-vascularized tension-free coaptation can be achieved. When peripheral nerve injury originates a significant gap between the nerve stumps, nerve grafts are required, with several associated disadvantages. Therefore, the development of scaffolds by tissue engineering can provide efficient treatment alternatives to stimulate optimum clinical outcome. Nerve conduit tailoring involves reaching ideal wall pores, using electrospinning techniques in their fabrication, surface coating with extracellular matrix materials, and adding of growth factors or cell-based therapies, among other possibilities. Also, intraluminal cues are employed such as the filling with hydrogels, inner surface modification, topographical design, and the introduction of neurotrophic factors, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories and other pharmacological agents. A comprehensive state of the art of surgical techniques, tissue-engineered nerve graft scaffolds, and their application in nerve regeneration, the advances in peripheral nerve repair and future perspectives will be discussed, including surgeons' and researchers' own large experience in this field of knowledge.
Download or read book Complications in Neuroanesthesia written by Hemanshu Prabhakar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-02-11 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complications in Neuroanesthesia focuses on complications that may arise related to neuroanesthesia practice and discusses its various causes. Each complication is written as a separate chapter, and the pathophysiology and mechanisms of each complication, as well as measures for diagnosis, treatment and prevention are discussed. Towards the end of the book, several case scenarios are provided to the readers that challenge readers to diagnose the possible complication for each case. Chapters include brain and spinal cord problems, cardiovascular and hematological problems, and nerve and muscle problems. Written in a standard format, Complications in Neuroanesthesia provides quick and easy access to understanding problems in neuroanesthesia. It provides insight into all possible complications occurring during perioperative management of neurosurgical and neurologic patients. It is useful for trainees, clinicians, and researchers in the fields of neurosurgery, neurocritical care, and neurology by providing an understanding of preventable mishaps that may occur in neurosurgical or neurologic patients. - Quick and easy reference for understanding problems in neuroanesthesia - Provides comprehensive insights into all possible complications occurring during perioperative management of neurosurgical and neurologic patients - Includes useful section with clinical case studies of complications in neuroanesthesia
Download or read book Nerve Surgery written by Susan E. Mackinnon and published by Georg Thieme Verlag. This book was released on 2015-04-15 with total page 1465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representing the treatment and management philosophy of Dr. Susan Mackinnon, Nerve Surgery provides extensive coverage of innovative surgical options as well as guidance on the management of complicated compression neuropathies. In addition to detailed information on tried-and-true as well as cutting-edge surgical techniques, it contains chapters on the basic principles of nerve surgery, such as "Anatomy and Physiology for the Peripheral Nerve Surgeon" and "Evaluation of the Patient with Nerve Injury or Nerve Compression." Key Features: More than 850 compelling full-color figures and photographs demonstrate key concepts Videos narrated by Dr. Mackinnon are available online Coverage of important conditions that can be treated non-operatively, such as neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome and multilevel compression neuropathy Strategies and secondary procedures for failed nerve surgeries Dr. Mackinnon provides tips on how she manages complicated pain problems This book is a core reference for all plastic surgeons, neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, hand surgeons, residents, and allied health specialists treating patients with nerve injuries.
Download or read book Neuropathic Pain written by Jianguo Cheng and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-21 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuropathic pain is one of the most common, most debilitating, most costly, and most difficult to treat categories of chronic pain conditions that are characterized by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Managing neuropathic pain is challenging and requires skillful assessment and comprehensive and integrated treatment strategies that are mechanism-guided, evidence-based, and individualized. However, these critical and integral elements are very fragmented in the current literature. The mechanistic understanding of neuropathic pain is typically found in basic research articles. Clinical research evidence is presented in forms of clinical trials with emphasis on minimizing biases such as those from patient selection and assessment. Individualized considerations for each patient are usually presented in case reports and problem-based learning discussions. This book overcomes these barriers and integrates all the critical elements around individual patient care into a coherent management strategy that is practical and applicable to daily clinical practice. Rather than compiling what have been published in the literature, this work emphasizes on identifying and highlighting the key points or findings that guide decision-making in clinical practice. It integrates the key points around a typical case scenario that not only represents the core of the diagnostic and therapeutic processes but also allows introduction and differentiation of painful conditions that bare similarities with the case in hand. The overarching goal is to improve clinical outcomes through better understanding of the mechanisms, more accurate diagnosis, and wiser and more comprehensive treatment strategies.
Download or read book Nerve Repair written by Thomas M. Brushart and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-15 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nerve Repair is a historically-based, translational review of the clinical and basic science relevant to nerve repair and regeneration. Essential reading for a wide range of professionals - it summarizes pertinent research for the clinician, and the clinical aspects of nerve repair for the scientist.
Download or read book Cajal s Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System written by Santiago Ramón y Cajal and published by History of Neuroscience. This book was released on 1991 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a reprint of an English translation of Cajal's original work, with abundant notes and commentaries by the editor. This text describes Cajal's fundamental contributions to neuroscience, which continue to be important today. It accurately details Cajal's ideas and data, and providesreaders with the opportunity to learn what Cajal thought about his research career and the significance of his observations. Excerpts from Tello's memorial lectures also provide a contemporary view of Cajal's work.
Download or read book Psychoneuroimmunology written by Robert Ader and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 1263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychoneuroimmunology, Second Edition presents reports on the relationship between the nervous and immune systems. The book is divided into four sections. The first section details the role of neural structures and neurotransmitter signals in communication with the immune system. It documents the extensive neural connections with organs of the immune system; the dynamics of noradrenergic sympathetic innervation of spleen and thymus; and the evidence for immune signaling of the CNS. Part II elaborates the role of hormones in the modulation of immune functions; the basis for bidirectional communication between the neuroendocrine and immune systems; and the potential physiological implications of these neuroendocrine-immune system interactions. The third part addresses behavioral influences on immune response; the effects of conditioning, stress and social interactions in modulating immune responses; and the behavioral consequences of experimentally altered or genetically determined immunologic states. The final section presents the effects of psychosocial factors on immune responses and the potential impact of behavioral interventions in modulating immunity in healthy human subjects and in patients with AIDS. Neuroscientists, endocrinologists, and immunologists will find the book interesting.
Download or read book Cell Engineering and Regeneration written by Heinz Redl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference work presents the origins of cells for tissue engineering and regeneration, including primary cells, tissue-specific stem cells, pluripotent stem cells and trans-differentiated or reprogrammed cells. There is particular emphasis on current understanding of tissue regeneration based on embryology and evolution studies, including mechanisms of amphibian regeneration. The book covers the use of autologous versus allogeneic cell sources, as well as various procedures used for cell isolation and cell pre-conditioning , such as cell sorting, biochemical and biophysical pre-conditioning, transfection and aggregation. It also presents cell modulation using growth factors, molecular factors, epigenetic approaches, changes in biophysical environment, cellular co-culture and other elements of the cellular microenvironment. The pathways of cell delivery are discussed with respect to specific clinical situations, including delivery of ex vivo manipulated cells via local and systemic routes, as well as activation and migration of endogenous reservoirs of reparative cells. The volume concludes with an in-depth discussion of the tracking of cells in vivo and their various regenerative activities inside the body, including differentiation, new tissue formation and actions on other cells by direct cell-to-cell communication and by secretion of biomolecules.
