Download or read book The Physics and Physical Chemistry of Water written by Felix Franks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: to arrive at some temporary consensus model or models; and to present reliable physical data pertaining to water under a range of conditions, i.e., "Dorsey revisited," albeit on a less ambitious scale. I should like to acknowledge a debt of gratitude to several of my col leagues, to Prof. D. J. G. Ives and Prof. Robert L. Kay for valuable guidance and active encouragement, to the contributors to this volume for their willing cooperation, and to my wife and daughters for the understanding shown to a husband and father who hid in his study for many an evening. My very special thanks go to Mrs. Joyce Johnson, who did all the cor respondence and much of the arduous editorial work with her usual cheerful efficiency. F. FRANKS Biophysics Division Unilever Research Laboratory ColworthjWelwyn Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford March 1972 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction-Water, the Unique Chemical F. Franks I. lntroduction ........................................ . 2. The Occurrence and Distribution of Water on the Earth 2 3. Water and Life ...................................... 4 4. The Scientific Study of Water-A Short History ........ 8 5. The Place of Water among Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . Chapter 2 The Water Moleeule C. W. Kern and M. Karplus 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . . . . 2. Principles of Structure and Spectra: The Born-Oppenheimer Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. The Electronic Motion ............................... 26 3.1. The Ground Electronic State of Water ............ 31 3.2. The Excited Electronic States of Water ........... 50 4. The Nuclear Motion ................................. 52 5. External-Field Effects ................................. 70 5.1. Perturbed Hartree-Fock Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 . . .
Download or read book Water and Aqueous Solutions at Subzero Temperatures written by Felix Franks and published by Springer. This book was released on 1982-10-01 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Volume, the last of the series, is devoted to water in its metastable forms, especially at sub-zero temperatures. The past few years have wit nessed an increasing interest in supercooled water and amorphous ice. If the properties of liquid water in the normal temperature range are already eccentric, then they become exceedingly so below the normal freezing point, in the metastable temperature range. Water can be supercooled to -39°C without too much effort, and most of its physical properties show a re markable temperature dependence under these conditions. Although ade quate explanations are still lacking, the time has come to review available knowledge. The study of amorphous ice, that is, the solid formed when water vapor is condensed on a very cold surface, is of longer standing. It has achieved renewed interest because it may serve as a model for the liquid state. There is currently a debate whether or not a close structural relation ship exists between amorphous ice and supercooled water. The nucleation and growth of ice in supercooled water and aqueous solutions is also still one of those grey areas of research, although these topics have received considerable attention from chemists and physicists over the past two decades. Even now, the relationships between degree of supercooling, nucleation kinetics, crystal growth kinetics, cooling rate and solute concentration are somewhat obscure. Nevertheless, at the empirical level much progress has been made, because these topics are of considerable importance to biologists, technologists, atmospheric physicists and gla ciologists.
Download or read book The Structure and Properties of Water written by D Eisenberg and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2005-10-20 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors have correlated many experimental observations and theoretical discussions from the scientific literature on water. Topics covered include the water molecule and forces between water molecules; the thermodynamic properties of steam; the structures of the ices; the thermodynamic, electrical, spectroscopic, and transport properties of the ices and of liquid water; hydrogen bonding in ice and water; and models for liquid water. The main emphasis of the book is on relatingthe properties of ice and water to their structures. Some background material in physical chemistry has been included in order to ensure that the material is accessible to readers in fields such as biology, biochemistry, and geology, as well as to chemists and physicists.
Download or read book Water in Biological and Chemical Processes written by Biman Bagchi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-14 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unified overview of the dynamical properties of water and its unique and diverse role in biological and chemical processes.
Download or read book The Attribute of Water written by Chang Q Sun and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-13 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features the latest advances and future trends in water science and technology. It also discusses the scientific popularization and quantitative resolution of a variety of mysterious properties of water and ice from the perspective of hydrogen-bond cooperativity in response to stimuli such as chemical contamination, electrification, magnetification, mechanical compression, molecular undercoordination, and thermal excitation. Anomalies include the floating of ice, the Hofmeister effect in solutions, regelation of ice, slipperiness of ice, water’s tough skin, the Mpemba paradox, and the floating bridge. It also addresses the superfluidity of microchannels, hydrogen bond potentials, nanodroplet and bubble thermodynamics, quasisolidity and supersolidity, controlling superhydrophobicity–superhydrophilicity transition, and high-pressure ice formation. The target audience for this book includes students, senior scholars, engineers and practitioners in the area of physical chemistry, biology, as well as aqueous and colloid solutions.
Download or read book The Physics of Liquid Water written by Makoto Yasutomi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-24 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unraveling the mystery of the negative thermal expansion of liquid water has been a challenge for scientists for centuries. Various theories have been proposed so far, but none has been able to solve this mystery. Since the thermodynamic properties of matter are determined by the interaction between particles, the mystery can be solved fundamentally if the thermodynamic physical quantities using the laws of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics are determined, the experimental results are reproduced, and the phenomena in relation to the shape of the interaction between particles are elucidated. In this sense, this book has fundamentally unraveled this mystery. In addition, it discusses the mysteries of isothermal compressibility, structural diversity, as well as liquefaction and boiling points of water in relation to the shape of the interaction between particles. It carefully explains the analysis and calculation methods so that they can be easily understood by the readers.
Download or read book Water in Biology Chemistry and Physics written by G. Wilse Robinson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central theme, which threads through the entire book, concerns computational modeling methods for water. Modeling results for pure liquid water, water near ions, water at interfaces, water in biological microsystems, and water under other types of perturbations such as laser fields are described. Connections are made throughout the book with statistical mechanical theoretical methods on the one hand and with experimental data on the other. The book is expected to be useful not only for theorists and computer analysts interested in the physical, chemical, biological and geophysical aspects of water, but also for experimentalists in these fields.
Download or read book Water and Biomolecules written by Kunihiro Kuwajima and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-18 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life is produced by the interplay of water and biomolecules. This book deals with the physicochemical aspects of such life phenomena produced by water and biomolecules, and addresses topics including "Protein Dynamics and Functions", "Protein and DNA Folding", and "Protein Amyloidosis". All sections have been written by internationally recognized front-line researchers. The idea for this book was born at the 5th International Symposium "Water and Biomolecules", held in Nara city, Japan, in 2008.
Download or read book Water at Interfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water in Biology Chemistry and Physics written by G W Robinson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-07-03 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central theme, which threads through the entire book, concerns computational modeling methods for water. Modeling results for pure liquid water, water near ions, water at interfaces, water in biological microsystems, and water under other types of perturbations such as laser fields are described. Connections are made throughout the book with statistical mechanical theoretical methods on the one hand and with experimental data on the other. The book is expected to be useful not only for theorists and computer analysts interested in the physical, chemical, biological and geophysical aspects of water, but also for experimentalists in these fields. Contents:IntroductionMolecular Dynamics MethodsStatistical AveragesExperimental Description of WaterTheoretical Description of WaterBulk Water ComputationsResults for Aqueous SolutionsComputation for Water at InterfacesInterfacial Water in Chemistry and BiologyWater in Nonequilibrium StatesMassively Parallel ProcessingThe Far Past and the Near Future Readership: Chemists, biologists, physicists, computer scientists and geophysicists. keywords:Water Structure;Water Properties;Water Models;Aqueous Solutions;Interfacial Water;Field-Perturbed Water;Hydrogen Bonds;Hydration;Molecular Dynamics;Computer Simulations
Download or read book Water in Confining Geometries written by V. Buch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading experts in the field, this book gives a wide-ranging and coherent treatment of water in confining geometries. It compiles and relates interdisciplinary work on this hot topic of research important in many areas of science and technology.
Download or read book Water and Life written by Ruth M. Lynden-Bell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-05-21 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting a rich technical and interdisciplinary exchange of ideas, Water and Life: The Unique Properties of H20 focuses on the properties of water and its interaction with life. The book develops a variety of approaches that help to illuminate ways in which to address deeper questions with respect to the nature of the universe and our place withi
Download or read book The Physical Chemistry of Natural Waters written by Frank J. Millero and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2001 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth discussion of the thermodynamics and kinetics of natural waters Divided into three major parts–structure of matter, chemical thermodynamics, and chemical kinetics– physical chemistry is concerned with the measurement, description, and prediction of the characteristics of chemical systems and their interaction with each other with respect to the transfer of mass and energy. Physical Chemistry of Natural Waters explores how the basic concepts of physical chemistry can be used to understand the chemistry of natural waters, with most of the text confined to chemical thermodynamics and kinetics. The extensive material in this book is the result of a course in marine physical chemistry that the author has taught over the past decade. Dr. Millero incorporates his own personal interest in solution physical chemistry and his approach to understanding the physical chemistry of seawater with the text’s vast coverage of the physical chemistry of liquid phases. In addition, detailed reviews of the basics of thermodynamics and kinetics provide a comprehensive overview for a clearer understanding of the topics covered. Environmental and physical chemists conducting research on water, seawater, rivers, lakes, and groundwater as well as graduate students studying environmental chemistry will find Physical Chemistry of Natural Waters a solid foundation on the subject of the physical chemistry of natural waters.
Download or read book Aqueous Systems at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures written by Roberto Fernandez-Prini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-07-06 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) has produced this book in order to provide an accessible, up-to-date overview of important aspects of the physical chemistry of aqueous systems at high temperatures and pressures. These systems are central to many areas of scientific study and industrial application, including electric power generation, industrial steam systems, hydrothermal processing of materials, geochemistry, and environmental applications. The authors’ goal is to present the material at a level that serves both the graduate student seeking to learn the state of the art, and also the industrial engineer or chemist seeking to develop additional expertise or to find the data needed to solve a specific problem. The wide range of people for whom this topic is important provides a challenge. Advanced work in this area is distributed among physical chemists, chemical engineers, geochemists, and other specialists, who may not be aware of parallel work by those outside their own specialty. The particular aspects of high-temperature aqueous physical chemistry of interest to one industry may be irrelevant to another; yet another industry might need the same basic information but in a very different form. To serve all these constituencies, the book includes several chapters that cover the foundational thermophysical properties (such as gas solubility, phase behavior, thermodynamic properties of solutes, and transport properties) that are of interest across numerous applications. The presentation of these topics is intended to be accessible to readers from a variety of backgrounds. Other chapters address fundamental areas of more specialized interest, such as critical phenomena and molecular-level solution structure. Several chapters are more application-oriented, addressing areas such as power-cycle chemistry and hydrothermal synthesis. As befits the variety of interests addressed, some chapters provide more theoretical guidance while others, such as those on acid/base equilibria and the solubilities of metal oxides and hydroxides, emphasize experimental techniques and data analysis. - Covers both the theory and applications of all Hydrothermal solutions - Provides an accessible, up-to-date overview of important aspects of the physical chemistry of aqueous systems at high temperatures and pressures - The presentation of the book is understandable to readers from a variety of backgrounds
Download or read book The Physical Chemistry of Aqueous Systems written by Robert Kay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conformation and Hydration of Sugars and Related Compounds in Dilute Aqueous Solution.- Studies of Hydrophobic Bonding in Aqueous Alcohols: Enthalpy Measurements and Model Calculations.- Structure in Aqueous Solutions of Nonpolar Solutes from the Standpoint of Scaled-Particle Theory.- Raman Spectra from Partially Deuterated Water and Ice VI to 10.1 kbar at 28°C.- Solvation Equilibria in Very Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions.- Ionic Association in Hydrogen-Bonding Solvents.- The Role of Solvent Structure in Ligand Substitution and Solvent Exchange at Some Divalent Transition-Metal Cations.- N.
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Lakes written by Abraham Lerman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lake, as a body of water, is in continuous interaction with the rocks and soils in its drainage basin, the atmosphere, and surface and groundwaters. Human industrial and agricultural activities introduce new inputs and processes into lake systems. This volume is a selection of ten contributions dealing with diverse aspects of lake systems, including such subjects as the geological controls of lake basins and their histories, mixing and circulation patterns in lakes, gaseous exchange between the water and atmosphere, and human input to lakes through atmospheric precipitation and surficial runoff. This work was written with a dual goal in mind: to serve as a textbook and to provide professionals with in-depth expositions and discussions of the more important aspects of lake systems.
Download or read book Water A Comprehensive Treatise written by Felix Franks and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the previous volumes many new aspects of the physical and life sciences have been developed in which the properties of water play a dominant role. Although, according to its preface, Volume 5 was to be the last one of the treatise, these recent developments have led to a revision of that statement. The present volume and its companion, still in preparation, deal with topics that were already mentioned in the preface to Volume 5 as gaining in importance. The recent development of X-ray and, more particularly, neutron scattering techniques have led to studies of "structure" in aqueous solutions of electrolytes on the one hand, and to the role of water in protein structure and function on the other. Both these topics have reached a stage where reviews of the present state of knowledge are useful. The application of ab initio methods to calculations of hydration and conformation of small molecules has a longer history, but here again a critical summary is timely. The role of solvent effects in reaction kinetics and mechanisms should have had a place in Volume 2 of this treatise, but, as sometimes happens, the author who had taken on this task failed tQ live up to his promise. However, since 1972 the physical chemistry of mixed aqueous solvents has made considerable strides, so that the belated discussion of this topic (by a new author) is built on evidence that was not available at the time of publication of Volume 2.
