Download or read book The Perception of Object Motion During Self Motion written by Diederick Christian Niehorster and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "The Perception of Object Motion During Self-motion" by Diederick Christian, Niehorster, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: When we stand still and do not move our eyes and head, the motion of an object in the world or the absence thereof is directly given by the motion or quiescence of the retinal image. Self-motion through the world however complicates this retinal image. During self-motion, the whole retinal image undergoes coherent global motion, called optic flow. Self-motion therefore causes the retinal motion of objects moving in the world to be confounded by a motion component due to self-motion. How then do we perceive the motion of an object in the world when we ourselves are also moving? Although non-visual information about self-motion, such as provided by efference copies of motor commands and vestibular stimulation, might play a role in this ability, it has recently been shown that the brain possesses a purely visual mechanism that underlies scene-relative object motion perception during self-motion. In the flow parsing hypothesis developed by Rushton and Warren (2005; Warren & Rushton, 2007; 2009b), the brain uses its sensitivity to optic flow to detect and globally remove retinal motion due to self-motion and recover the scene-relative motion of objects. Research into this perceptual ability has so far been of a qualitative nature. In this thesis, I therefore develop a retinal motion nulling paradigm to measure the gain with which the flow parsing mechanism uses the optic flow to remove the self-motion component from an object's retinal motion. I use this paradigm to investigate how accurate scene-relative object motion perception during self-motion can be based on only visual information, whether this flow parsing process depends on a percept of the direction of self-motion and the tuning of flow parsing, i.e., how it is modulated by changes in various stimulus aspects. The results reveal that although adding monocular or binocular depth information to the display to precisely specify the moving object's 3D position in the scene improved the accuracy of flow parsing, the flow parsing gain was never up to the extent required by the scene geometry. Furthermore, the flow parsing gain was lower at higher eccentricities from the focus of expansion in the flow field and was strongly modulated by changes in the motion angle between the self-motion and object motion components in the retinal motion of the moving object, the speeds of these components and the density of the flow field. Lastly, flow parsing was not affected by illusory changes in the perceived direction of self-motion. In conclusion, visual information alone is not sufficient for accurate perception of scene-relative object motion during self-motion. Furthermore, flow parsing takes the 3D position of the moving object in the scene into account and is not a uniform global subtraction process. 8e observed tuning characteristics are different from those of local perceived motion interactions, providing evidence that flow parsing is a separate process from these local motion interactions. Finally, flow parsing does not depend on a prior percept of self-motion direction and instead directly uses the input retinal motion to construct percepts of scene-relative object motion during self-motion. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5177318 Subjects: Motion perception (Vision)

Download or read book The Perception of Object Motion During Self motion written by Diederick Christian Niehorster and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Perception and Control of Self motion written by Rik Warren and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents studies of self-motion by an international group of basic and applied researchers including biologists, psychologists, comparative physiologists, kinesiologists, aerospace and control engineers, physicians, and physicists. Academia is well represented and accounts for most of the applied research offered. Basic theoretical research is further represented by private research companies and also by government laboratories on both sides of the Atlantic. Researchers and students of biology, psychology, physiology, kinesiology, engineering, and physics who have an interest in self-motion -- whether it be underwater, in space, or on solid ground -- will find this volume of interest. This book presents studies of self-motion by an international group of basic and applied researchers including biologists, psychologists, comparative physiologists, kinesiologists, aerospace and control engineers, physicians, and physicists. Academia is well represented and accounts for most of the applied research offered. Basic theoretical research is further represented by private research companies and also by government laboratories on both sides of the Atlantic. Researchers and students of biology, psychology, physiology, kinesiology, engineering, and physics who have an interest in self-motion -- whether it be underwater, in space, or on solid ground -- will find this volume of interest.

Download or read book Neural Basis of Object Motion Perception During Self motion written by Nicole E. Peltier and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ability to perceive independently moving objects during self-motion is vital for reaching goals and avoiding obstacles. Self-motion generates a structured pattern of retinal motion called optic flow. An independently moving object produces retinal motion that is the vector sum of its world-relative motion and the optic flow created by the observer's self-motion. To interpret the object's world-relative motion, an observer must compensate for their self-motion. The flow-parsing hypothesis posits that the visual system may accomplish this compensation by globally subtracting out the optic flow due to self-motion (Rushton & Warren, 2005; P.A. Warren & Rushton, 2007, 2009a). This subtraction induces a perceptual bias (in retinal coordinates) away from the optic flow vector at the object's location. Despite psychophysical evidence for flow parsing in humans, the neural mechanisms underlying flow parsing remained unknown. This thesis presents the first evidence for a neural correlate to flow parsing in the middle temporal area (MT). First, we tested the flow-parsing hypothesis in an animal model using macaque monkeys. Two monkeys discriminated the direction of a moving object in the presence of optic flow simulating self-motion. Perception of object motion was biased in a manner consistent with flow parsing. Biases generally depended on the direction and magnitude of the optic flow vectors to subtract at the object's location. The addition of vestibular self-motion cues increased flow-parsing biases in a multiplicative manner. This perceptual evidence of flow parsing in monkeys positioned us to investigate its neural mechanisms. Next, we recorded neural activity in area MT while monkeys performed the same flow-parsing discrimination task. The responses of individual MT units to object motion were modulated by optic flow, and this modulation depended on a unit's direction tuning. We used population decoding to demonstrate that MT populations convey information about choice, retinal object motion, and world-relative object motion. Finally, we characterized the effect of optic flow on MT direction tuning curves by modeling each unit's reference frame as a weighted average of retinal and world-centered. The average MT unit modestly shifted its reference frame from retinal toward world-centered. These small shifts suggest that MT plays a role in a more extensive flow-parsing network"--Pages x-xi

Download or read book Pilot Studies on Object Motion Perception During Linear Self Motion After Long Duration Centrifugation of Human Subjects written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four experiments are reported. They were carried out with the purpose of investigating whether we could use and optimize a particular experimental paradigm to investigate the effects of long duration centrifugation of human subjects. The method involved the psychophysical measurement of visual thresholds for perceiving object motion during self-motion on a linear track sled (acquired by the TNO Institute for Perception from the European Space Agency). Since the experiments were of a preliminary nature-we cannot (yet) draw definite conclusions as to their theoretical interpretation. Nevertheless it can be concluded that we have indeed developed an optimal method. In addition, we have arrived at two hypotheses, which can be tested in further research. According to the first hypothesis, long duration centrifugation affects the way in which visual information interacts with otolith reactivity. According to the second hypothesis, subjects who rely largely on visual information for a correct percept of egomotion are more susceptible to centrifuge induced sickness than others.

Download or read book Aspects of Motion Perception written by Paul A. Kolers and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology, Volume 16: Aspects of Motion Perception details the fundamental concepts of the visual system perception of motion. The text first details the various findings about illusory and veridical motions along with the theories conceptualized from those findings. Next, the selection covers the research that studies the reliability and validity of the theories about motion perception. The book also discusses the importance of two-component model of motion perception. The last chapter covers the characteristics of the status of perceptual experiences. The book will be of great use to behavioral scientists and biologists. Ophthalmologists will also benefit from the text.

Download or read book The Senses A Comprehensive Reference written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 5215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set is a comprehensive reference work covering the range of topics that constitute current knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying the different senses. This important work provides the most up-to-date, cutting-edge, comprehensive reference combining volumes on all major sensory modalities in one set. Offering 264 chapters from a distinguished team of international experts, The Senses lays out current knowledge on the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of sensory organs, in a collection of comprehensive chapters spanning 4 volumes. Topics covered include the perception, psychophysics, and higher order processing of sensory information, as well as disorders and new diagnostic and treatment methods. Written for a wide audience, this reference work provides students, scholars, medical doctors, as well as anyone interested in neuroscience, a comprehensive overview of the knowledge accumulated on the function of sense organs, sensory systems, and how the brain processes sensory input. As with the first edition, contributions from leading scholars from around the world will ensure The Senses offers a truly international portrait of sensory physiology. The set is the definitive reference on sensory neuroscience and provides the ultimate entry point into the review and original literature in Sensory Neuroscience enabling students and scientists to delve into the subject and deepen their knowledge. All-inclusive coverage of topics: updated edition offers readers the only current reference available covering neurobiology, physiology, anatomy, and molecular biology of sense organs and the processing of sensory information in the brain Authoritative content: world-leading contributors provide readers with a reputable, dynamic and authoritative account of the topics under discussion Comprehensive-style content: in-depth, complex coverage of topics offers students at upper undergraduate level and above full insight into topics under discussion

Download or read book Tutorials on Motion Perception written by Alexander H. Wertheim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From August 24-29, 1980 the international "Symposium on the Study of Motion Perception; Recent Developments and Applications", sponsored by NATO and organized by the editors of this book, was held in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The meeting was attended by about eighty scholars, including psychologists, neurologists, physicists and other scientists, from fourteen different countries. During the symposium some fifty research papers were presented and a series of tutorial review papers were read and discussed. The research presentations have been published in a special issue of the international journal of psychonomics "Acta Psychologica" (Vol. 48, 1981). The present book is a compilation of the tutorial papers. The tutorials were arranged around early versions of the chapters now appearing in this book. The long discussions at the Veldhoven tutorial sessions resulted in extensive revisions of the texts prior to this publication. Unfortunately this led to a delay in publication, but we feel that this was justified by a greater depth of understanding which, in our opinion, has significantly increased the quality of the book. As they now stand, the chapters cover most of the issues relevant to the study of motion perception. Also they clearly reflect the intensive exchange of knowledge that took place during the symposium. As such we think that this book can be used both as an advanced text for students and scientists alike and as a comprehensive reference source.

Download or read book Perception and Control Pr written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Perceptual Processes Underlying Depth Judgements of Moving Objects During Self motion written by Ranran L.. French and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An important function of the visual system is to represent the 3D structure of the world from the sequence of 2D images projected onto the retinae. During observer translation, relative image motion between stationary objects at different distances (motion parallax, MP) provides potent depth information. However, if an object is moving relative to the scene, this complicates the computation of depth from MP since there will be an additional component of image motion related to object motion. To correctly compute depth from MP, this component should be ignored by the brain. Previous experimental and theoretical work on depth perception from MP has assumed that objects are stationary in the world. How the brain perceives depth of moving objects based on motion parallax has not been examined. This dissertation investigates the perception of depth for moving objects during self-motion in human subjects. First, we ask if human subjects can accurately judge depth of moving objects. Six human subjects were asked to judge the depth of an object relative to the plane of fixation while lateral self-motion was simulated by optic flow. We find that subjects show a robust and systematic depth bias that depends on the object's direction relative to self-motion. Next, we ask whether a subject's belief about whether an object is moving in the world affects their depth judgement. Six subjects were asked to judge the depth of an object relative to the plane of fixation as well as whether the object moves relative to the scene. We find that, on average, subjects show a greater depth bias if they mistake a moving object as "not moving" when object motion information is ambiguous. Finally, we construct three Bayesian inference models with each model implementing a mechanism for depth discrimination. Our model comparison results show that the model which implements subjects' belief about whether an object moves relative to the scene can best explain the perceptual depth biases we observed."--Pages x-xi.

Download or read book Perception of Space and Motion written by William Epstein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-09-15 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past 25 years, the field of space and motion perception has rapidly advanced. Once thought to be distinct perceptual modes, space and motion are now thought to be closely linked. Perception of Space andMotion provides a comprehensive review of perception and vision research literature, including new developments in the use of sound and touch in perceiving space and motion. Other topics include the perception of structure from motion, spatial layout,and information obtained in static and dynamic stimulation.Spatial layoutStructure from motionInformation on static and dynamic stimulation (visual, acoustic, and haptic)

Download or read book Object motion Detection Affected by Concurrent Self motion Perception Applied Aspects for Vehicle Guidance written by T. Probst and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Visual Control of Locomotion written by Brett R. Fajen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element examines visual perception in the context of activities that involve moving about in complex, dynamic environments. A central theme is that the ability of humans and other animals to perceive their surroundings based on vision is profoundly shaped by the need to adaptively regulate locomotion to variations in the environment. As such, important new insights into what and how we perceive can be gleaned by investigating the connection between vision and the control of locomotion. I present an integrated summary of decades of research on the perception of self-motion and object motion based on optic flow, the perception of spatial layout and affordances, and the control strategies for guiding locomotion based on visual information. I also explore important theoretical issues and debates, including the question of whether visual control relies on internal models.

Download or read book Depth Perception Through Motion written by Myron L. Braunstein and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Series in Cognition and Perception: Depth Perception Through Motion focuses on the processes, methodologies, and techniques involved in depth perception through motion, including optic array, rigid motions, illusions, and axis. The book first elaborates on the paradox of depth perception, illusions of motion in depth, and optic array. Discussions focus on rigid motions in three-dimensional space, perspective gradients, projection plane, stereokinetic effect, rotating trapezoid, and the windmill and fan illusions. The text then examines transformations leading to the perception of depth, slant perception, and perceived direction of rotary motion. Topics include shadow and computer projections, direct observation of rotating figures, a model of the perception of rotary motion, dynamic slant and static slant perception, translations along the Z axis, and rotations about the X or Y axis. The publication is intended for researchers and graduate students interested in depth perception in dynamic environments.

Download or read book The Motion Aftereffect written by George Mather and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motion perception lies at the heart of the scientific study of vision. The motion aftereffect (MAE) is the appearance of directional movement in a stationary object or scene after the viewer has been exposed to viusal motion in the opposite direction. For example, after one has looked at a waterfall for a period of time, the scene beside the waterfall may appear to move upward when one's gaze is transfered to it. Although the phenomenon seems simple, research has revealed copmlexities in the underlying mechanisms, and offered general lessons about how the brain processes visual information. In the 1990s alone, more than 200 papers have been published on MAE, largely inspired by improved techniques for examining brain electrophysiology and by emerging new theories of motion perception.

Download or read book Multisensory Perception written by K. Sathian and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-15 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multisensory Perception: From Laboratory to Clinic surveys the current state of knowledge on multisensory processes, synthesizing information from diverse streams of research and defining hypotheses and questions to direct future work. Reflecting the nature of the field, the book is interdisciplinary, comprising the findings and views of writers with diverse backgrounds and varied methods, including psychophysical, neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and neuroimaging approaches. Sections cover basic principles, specific interactions between the senses, the topic of crossmodal correspondences between particular sensory attributes, the related topic of synesthesia, and the clinic. - Offers a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the current state of knowledge on multisensory processes - Coverage includes basic principles, specific interactions between the senses, crossmodal correspondences and the clinical aspects of multisensory processes - Includes psychophysical, neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and neuroimaging approaches

Download or read book Motion Perception in Motion written by Jan Lambertus Souman and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: