Download or read book The Nigerian Real Sector and Unemployment Probabilities written by David Iheke Okorie and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As observed in Nigeria presently, both the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and unemployment rates are increasing simultaneously. This occurrence however, invalidates the existence of Okun's Law in Nigeria. In the same vein, Nigerians output could as well be more capital intensive to labour intensive. This research work sets out to finding the reason for the violation of Okun's Law in Nigeria. Using Weighted Grouped Logit Distributed lag model (WGLDL) with quarterly series from 1991 to 2012. Present quarter and last-two quarter unemployment rates are negatively related with the present quarter Real Gross Domestic Product of Nigeria. The immediate past quarter unemployment rate is positively related with the present quarter Real Gross Domestic Product by approximately 16 units rise in RGDP for a unit rise in the immediate past quarter unemployment rate. This is a result of behavioural habits of employees; when people are retrenched from their jobs last quarter, the efficiency, effectiveness, and output/productivity of the remaining workers increase indefinitely as the means to retain their jobs in the midst of the fear and job insecurity that have enveloped them. This they do on the axiom that the less or least effective and efficient workers were retrenched last quarter. Consequently, a positive relationship. Empirically, the probabilities that the national output will fall for every raise per quarter unemployment rates diminishes and tends to zero. Simply put, the failure that unemployment will result to reductions in the national output is almost certain (tends to one). In the same light, change in probability also tends to zero as unemployment rates in Nigeria increases. This therefore suggests, holding every other thing constant, increase in unemployment rates in Nigeria will probably not affect or reduce our National output.

Download or read book The Shadow Economy written by Friedrich Schneider and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-14 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new data to give an overview of shadow economies from OECD countries and propose solutions to prevent illicit work.

Download or read book Industrialization in an Open Economy Nigeria 1945 1966 written by Peter Kilby and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1967 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Institution Development for Sustainable and Inclusive Economic Growth in Africa written by Osabuohien, Evans S. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African countries are pursuing a number of development agendas toward achieving economic growth that is inclusive, pro-poor, and sustainable, particularly the type that can unleash the potential of women and booming youthful populations. However, available evidence shows that many African countries have experienced economic hardships and have performed more poorly than other developing and emerging countries in the global south. The Handbook of Research on Institution Development for Sustainable and Inclusive Economic Growth in Africa is an essential research publication that provides comprehensive research on the processes of building viable institutions in Africa that will serve as the fulcrum for utilizing and managing resources as well as promoting economic growth that is inclusive and sustainable. Featuring topics such as climate change, financial development, and poverty, this book is ideal for researchers, policymakers, developers, economic professionals, academicians, government officials, business professionals, and students.

Download or read book The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-11-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the role of the labor market in the transmission process of adjustment policies in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the recent evidence regarding the functioning of these markets. It then studies the implications of wage inertia, nominal contracts, labor market segmentation, and impediments to labor mobility for stabilization policies. The effect of labor market reforms on economic flexibility and the channels through which labor market imperfections alter the effects of structural adjustment measures are discussed next. The last part of the paper identifies a variety of issues that may require further investigation, such as the link between changes in relative wages and the distributional effects of adjustment policies.

Download or read book The Informal Economy in Sub Saharan Africa written by Leandro Medina and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-07-10 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multiple indicator-multiple cause (MIMIC) method is a well-established tool for measuring informal economic activity. However, it has been criticized because GDP is used both as a cause and indicator variable. To address this issue, this paper applies for the first time the light intensity approach (instead of GDP). It also uses the Predictive Mean Matching (PMM) method to estimate the size of the informal economy for Sub-Saharan African countries over 24 years. Results suggest that informal economy in Sub-Saharan Africa remains among the largest in the world, although this share has been very gradually declining. It also finds significant heterogeneity, with informality ranging from a low of 20 to 25 percent in Mauritius, South Africa and Namibia to a high of 50 to 65 percent in Benin, Tanzania and Nigeria.

Download or read book Macroeconomic Policy Formation in Africa Country Cases written by Karl Wohlmuth and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2014 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Volume 17 of the African Development Perspectives Yearbook considers the following major issues: the macroeconomic policies in post-conflict countries (especially reviews of growth, social progress, and public finance strategies in medium-term frameworks) with Sudan and South Sudan as the country cases; and macroeconomic policy formation in West Africa -- with case studies presented on Senegal and Nigeria in the West African Monetary Zone and the CFA Zone. In addition, the book presents book reviews and book notes. (Series: African Development Perspectives Yearbook - Vol. 17) [Subject: African Studies, Economics]

Download or read book International Trade and Labor Markets written by Carl Davidson and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2004 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fiscal Policy and Income Inequality written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-07-03 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NULL

Download or read book Global Employment Trends written by Claire Harasty and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 2003 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incorporating the most recent data available for 2002, this report analyses current labour market trends and examines the impact of the global economic downturn and post 11 September developments upon different world regions. Covering Latin America and the Caribbean, East Asia, South East Asia, the Middle East and North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, the transition economies and industrial countries, it focuses on the distinct labour market characteristics and challenges faced by each region and economic group. It also traces factors contributing to the global employment decline, such as the increase in informal sector employment, the decrease in employment in information and communication technology, as well as extensive jobs losses in the travel and tourism industries and the export and labour-intensive manufacturing sectors.

Download or read book The Economics of World War I written by Stephen Broadberry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-29 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique volume offers a definitive new history of European economies at war from 1914 to 1918. It studies how European economies mobilised for war, how existing economic institutions stood up under the strain, how economic development influenced outcomes and how wartime experience influenced post-war economic growth. Leading international experts provide the first systematic comparison of economies at war between 1914 and 1918 based on the best available data for Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the USA, Italy, Turkey, Austria-Hungary and the Netherlands. The editors' overview draws some stark lessons about the role of economic development, the importance of markets and the damage done by nationalism and protectionism. A companion volume to the acclaimed The Economics of World War II, this is a major contribution to our understanding of total war.

Download or read book Shadow Economies Around the World What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years written by Leandro Medina and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We undertake an extended discussion of the latest developments about the existing and new estimation methods of the shadow economy. New results on the shadow economy for 158 countries all over the world are presented over 1991 to 2015. Strengths and weaknesses of these methods are assessed and a critical comparison and evaluation of the methods is carried out. The average size of the shadow economy of the 158 countries over 1991 to 2015 is 31.9 percent. The largest ones are Zimbabwe with 60.6 percent, and Bolivia with 62.3 percent of GDP. The lowest ones are Austria with 8.9 percent, and Switzerland with 7.2 percent. The new methods, especially the new macro method, Currency Demand Approach (CDA) and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) in a structured hybrid-model based estimation procedure, are promising approaches from an econometric standpoint, alongside some new micro estimates. These estimations come quite close to others used by statistical offices or based on surveys.

Download or read book Unemployment and Its Effects on Economy A Case Study written by Kayode Bankole and published by . This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2020 in the subject Economy - Environment economics, University of Ibadan (Economics), course: Accounting, language: English, abstract: This study was carried out to examine the causes of unemployment in Nigeria and its effects on the economy of the country. Data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria, Statistical Bulletin (2017), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Internet, CIA site, Index Mundi and past studies. The study covered period of 18 years, 1999 to 2017. EViews version 7 was used to analyze the data gathered, while Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method was adopted. This study discovered that the unemployment in Nigeria is the major contribution to the poverty level in the country. Money supply and credit to private sector were recognized to have significant effect on unemployment level in the economy. It is also discovered that gross domestic product and unemployment rate in Nigeria has positive relationship which is an indication that growth in GDP does not amount to overall development in Nigeria. This study recommends that government should make credit available to private sector, increase money in circulation and try to reduce external debt which drain away the wealth of the nation through interest payments to reduce poverty rate in Nigeria.

Download or read book World Development Report 2013 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jobs provide higher earnings and better benefits as countries grow, but they are also a driver of development. Poverty falls as people work their way out of hardship and as jobs empowering women lead to greater investments in children. Efficiency increases as workers get better at what they do, as more productive jobs appear, and less productive ones disappear. Societies flourish as jobs bring together people from different ethnic and social backgrounds and provide alternatives to conflict. Jobs are thus more than a byproduct of economic growth. They are transformational —they are what we earn, what we do, and even who we are. High unemployment and unmet job expectations among youth are the most immediate concerns. But in many developing countries, where farming and self-employment are prevalent and safety nets are modest are best, unemployment rates can be low. In these countries, growth is seldom jobless. Most of their poor work long hours but simply cannot make ends meet. And the violation of basic rights is not uncommon. Therefore, the number of jobs is not all that matters: jobs with high development payoffs are needed. Confronted with these challenges, policy makers ask difficult questions. Should countries build their development strategies around growth, or should they focus on jobs? Can entrepreneurship be fostered, especially among the many microenterprises in developing countries, or are entrepreneurs born? Are greater investments in education and training a prerequisite for employability, or can skills be built through jobs? In times of major crises and structural shifts, should jobs, not just workers, be protected? And is there a risk that policies supporting job creation in one country will come at the expense of jobs in other countries? The World Development Report 2013: Jobs offers answers to these and other difficult questions by looking at jobs as drivers of development—not as derived labor demand—and by considering all types of jobs—not just formal wage employment. The Report provides a framework that cuts across sectors and shows that the best policy responses vary across countries, depending on their levels of development, endowments, demography, and institutions. Policy fundamentals matter in all cases, as they enable a vibrant private sector, the source of most jobs in the world. Labor policies can help as well, even if they are less critical than is often assumed. Development policies, from making smallholder farming viable to fostering functional cities to engaging in global markets, hold the key to success.

Download or read book Escaping Poverty and Unemployment in Africa written by Joe U. Umo and published by Page Publishing Inc. This book was released on 2024-07-17 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Escaping Poverty and Unemployment in Africa: A Flagship Strategy calls out unemployment as a major cause of poverty, and sees both of them as twins representing two sides of the same bad coin. After several years of failures in addressing the twin crises with stand-alone policies and programs in Nigeria and other African countries, the book proposes an innovative strategy aimed at addressing mass unemployment and mass poverty simultaneously. Inspired by the author's field experience as one of the key actors in the successful implementation of the UNDP-ILO-sponsored Jobs for Africa (JFA) program in over ten African countries (between 1998 and 2001), the book presents an alternative framework from the failed extant approaches for tackling the stubborn crises of unemployment and poverty in the continent. The proposed Flagship Strategy is a cocktail of three key policy elements, namely, (1) putting in place a maximum employment-driven macroeconomic economic stability, (2) mobilizing and empowering "ready-to engage" transformational entrepreneurs for leading investment projects/programs to ensure success and sustainability, and (3) undertaking massive investment for poverty-reducing employment (IPRE) projects in all the key sectors of the economy. Given Nigeria's exceptionalism in Africa's poverty profile, the application of the Flagship Strategy has been illustrated for over eight key sectors of this nation's economy. This presents a model for possible replication across other African countries. The empirical validation in the application of the three elements of the Flagship Strategy, along with the successful experience of emerging industrializing countries (of South Korea, Singapore, and China, etc.) in achieving massive reductions in poverty and unemployment using the elements of the strategy, commends its application to African and other developing countries facing the twin challenges. The book is intended to serve generally as an informative read for all who are interested in escaping poverty and unemployment either by themselves or for the people they care about. It has also, in particular, offered fresh strategic insights to scholars and students of development, working on African poverty and unemployment challenges. It can furthermore easily serve as a policy blueprint/ manual for policymakers and/or politicians with genuine interests in finding quick and sustainable solutions to Africa's daunting and existential poverty and unemployment challenges.

Download or read book OECD Insights Economic Globalisation Origins and consequences written by Huwart Jean-Yves and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication reviews the major turning points in the history of economic integration, and in particular the pace at which it has accelerated since the 1990s. It also considers its impact in four crucial areas, namely employment, development, the environment and financial stability.