Download or read book Symmetry Group Theory and the Physical Properties of Crystals written by Richard C Powell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complete with reference tables and sample problems, this volume serves as a textbook or reference for solid-state physics and chemistry, materials science, and engineering. Chapters illustrate symmetry, and its role in determining solid properties, as well as a demonstration of group theory.
Download or read book Valence and the Structure of Atoms and Molecules written by Gilbert Newton Lewis and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Symmetry and Physical Properties of Crystals written by Cécile Malgrange and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-04 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystals are everywhere, from natural crystals (minerals) through the semiconductors and magnetic materials in electronic devices and computers or piezoelectric resonators at the heart of our quartz watches to electro-optical devices. Understanding them in depth is essential both for pure research and for their applications. This book provides a clear, thorough presentation of their symmetry, both at the microscopic space-group level and the macroscopic point-group level. The implications of the symmetry of crystals for their physical properties are then presented, together with their mathematical description in terms of tensors. The conditions on the symmetry of a crystal for a given property to exist then become clear, as does the symmetry of the property. The geometrical representation of tensor quantities or properties is presented, and its use in determining important relationships emphasized. An original feature of this book is that most chapters include exercises with complete solutions. This allows readers to test and improve their understanding of the material. The intended readership includes undergraduate and graduate students in materials science and materials-related aspects of electrical and optical engineering; researchers involved in the investigation of the physical properties of crystals and the design of applications based on crystal properties such as piezoelectricity, electro-optics, optical activity and all those involved in the characterization of the structural properties of materials.
Download or read book A Study of Crystal Structure and Its Applications written by Wheeler Pedlar Davey and published by . This book was released on 1934 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crystals and Crystal Structures written by Richard J. D. Tilley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-14 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystals and Crystal Structures is an introductorytext for students and others who need to understand the subjectwithout necessarily becoming crystallographers. Using the book willenable students to read scientific papers and articles describing acrystal structure or use crystallographic databases with confidenceand understanding. Reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the subject the bookincludes a variety of applications as diverse as the relationshipbetween physical properties and symmetry, and molecular and proteincrystallography. As well as covering the basics the book containsan introduction to areas of crystallography, such as modulatedstructures and quasicrystals, and protein crystallography, whichare the subject of important and activeresearch. A non-mathematical introduction to the key elements of thesubject Contains numerous applications across a variety ofdisciplines Includes a range of problems and exercises Clear, direct writing style "…the book contains a wealth of information and itfulfils its purpose of providing an interesting and broadintroduction to the terpenes." CHEMISTRY WORLD, February2007
Download or read book Crystals written by Charles Bunn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystals: Their Role in Nature and in Science provides the description of the phenomena and concepts and essential facts and ideas in the study of crystals. The book is divided into two parts. Part 1 discusses the growth and various forms of crystals. Under this section, topics on the etymology of the word "crystal", the existence of crystals, how crystals grow, stacking patterns, and various crystal symmetries are presented. Part 2 covers the crystal structure and how it interacts with light and X-rays. This part discusses some strange light effects that some crystals make; the production of beautiful and scientifically significant color patterns; the possible types of space patterns in crystals; and the use of X-ray in finding the details of the internal atomic pattern of crystals. Crystallographers and laymen interested in the study and appreciation of crystals will find the book invaluable.
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals written by Lev M. Blinov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-26 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book by Lev M. Blinov is ideal to guide researchers from their very first encounter with liquid crystals to the level where they can perform independent experiments on liquid crystals with a thorough understanding of their behaviour also in relation to the theoretical framework. Liquid crystals can be found everywhere around us. They are used in virtually every display device, whether it is for domestic appliances of for specialized technological instruments. Their finely tunable optical properties make them suitable also for thermo-sensing and laser technologies. There are many monographs written by prominent scholars on the subject of liquid crystals. The majority of them presents the subject in great depth, sometimes focusing on a particular research aspect, and in general they require a significant level of prior knowledge. In contrast, this books aims at an audience of advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics, chemistry and materials science. The book consists of three parts: the first part, on structure, starts from the fundamental principles underlying the structure of liquid crystals, their rich phase behaviour and the methods used to study them; the second part, on physical properties, emphasizes the influence of anisotropy on all aspects of liquid crystals behaviour; the third, focuses on electro-optics, the most important properties from the applications standpoint. This part covers only the main effects and illustrates the underlying principles in greater detail. Professor Lev M. Blinov has had a long carrier as an experimentalist. He made major contributions in the field of ferroelectric mesophases. In 1985 he received the USSR state prize for investigations of electro-optical effects in liquid crystals for spatial light modulators. In 1999 he was awarded the Frederiks medal of the Soviet Liquid Crystal Society and in 2000 he was honoured with the G. Gray silver medal of the British Liquid Crystal Society. He has held many visiting academic positions in universities and laboratories across Europe and in Japan.
Download or read book Novel Microstructures for Solids written by Richard A Dunlap and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2018-12-05 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, evidence suggested that all solid materials either possessed a periodic crystal structure as proposed by the Braggs or they were amorphous glasses with no long-range order. In the 1970s, Roger Penrose hypothesized structures (Penrose tilings) with long-range order which were not periodic. The existence of a solid phase, known as a quasicrystal, that possessed the structure of a three dimensional Penrose tiling, was demonstrated experimentally in 1984 by Dan Shechtman and colleagues. Shechtman received the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery. The discovery and description of quasicrystalline materials provided the first concrete evidence that traditional crystals could be viewed as a subset of a more general category of ordered materials. This book introduces the diversity of structures that are now known to exist in solids through a consideration of quasicrystals (Part I) and the various structures of elemental carbon (Part II) and through an analysis of their relationship to conventional crystal structures. Both quasicrystals and the various allotropes of carbon are excellent examples of how our understanding of the microstructure of solids has progressed over the years beyond the concepts of traditional crystallography.
Download or read book The Second Kind of Impossible written by Paul Steinhardt and published by Simon & Schuster. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Shortlisted for the 2019 Royal Society Insight Investment Science Book Prize* One of the most fascinating scientific detective stories of the last fifty years, an exciting quest for a new form of matter. “A riveting tale of derring-do” (Nature), this book reads like James Gleick’s Chaos combined with an Indiana Jones adventure. When leading Princeton physicist Paul Steinhardt began working in the 1980s, scientists thought they knew all the conceivable forms of matter. The Second Kind of Impossible is the story of Steinhardt’s thirty-five-year-long quest to challenge conventional wisdom. It begins with a curious geometric pattern that inspires two theoretical physicists to propose a radically new type of matter—one that raises the possibility of new materials with never before seen properties, but that violates laws set in stone for centuries. Steinhardt dubs this new form of matter “quasicrystal.” The rest of the scientific community calls it simply impossible. The Second Kind of Impossible captures Steinhardt’s scientific odyssey as it unfolds over decades, first to prove viability, and then to pursue his wildest conjecture—that nature made quasicrystals long before humans discovered them. Along the way, his team encounters clandestine collectors, corrupt scientists, secret diaries, international smugglers, and KGB agents. Their quest culminates in a daring expedition to a distant corner of the Earth, in pursuit of tiny fragments of a meteorite forged at the birth of the solar system. Steinhardt’s discoveries chart a new direction in science. They not only change our ideas about patterns and matter, but also reveal new truths about the processes that shaped our solar system. The underlying science is important, simple, and beautiful—and Steinhardt’s firsthand account is “packed with discovery, disappointment, exhilaration, and persistence...This book is a front-row seat to history as it is made” (Nature).
Download or read book Crystal Engineering written by Jeffrey H Williams and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are more than 20 million chemicals in the literature, with new materials being synthesized each week. Most of these molecules are stable, and the 3-dimensional arrangement of the atoms in the molecules, in the various solids may be determined by routine x-ray crystallography. When this is done, it is found that this vast range of molecules, with varying sizes and shapes can be accommodated by only a handful of solid structures. This limited number of architectures for the packing of molecules of all shapes and sizes, to maximize attractive intermolecular forces and minimizing repulsive intermolecular forces, allows us to develop simple models of what holds the molecules together in the solid. In this volume we look at the origin of the molecular architecture of crystals; a topic that is becoming increasingly important and is often termed, crystal engineering. Such studies are a means of predicting crystal structures, and of designing crystals with particular properties by manipulating the structure and interaction of large molecules. That is, creating new crystal architectures with desired physical characteristics in which the molecules pack together in particular architectures; a subject of particular interest to the pharmaceutical industry.
Download or read book Crystals written by Jennie Harding and published by . This book was released on 2019-10 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete guide to collecting and using crystals, covering their meaning, physical characteristics, and healing properties. Crystals divides the earth's most significant minerals into twenty color bands and explores the meaning and healing qualities of each color ray alongside the properties of the stones. A beautiful crystal color directory and crystal gallery profile over one hundred of these extraordinary works of nature. Detailed information on the effect each crystal has on mind, body, and spirit is combined with practical advice on crystal healing
Download or read book Crystal Enlightenment written by Katrina Raphaell and published by Crystals and New Age. This book was released on 1985 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, easy-to-understand guide to the use of crystals and gems forinternal growth, healing, and balance in your daily life.
Download or read book Crystallography written by Anthony Michael Glazer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long history -- Symmetry -- Crystal structures -- Diffraction -- Seeing atoms -- Sources of radiation
Download or read book Chemistry written by Bruce Averill and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasises on contemporary applications and an intuitive problem-solving approach that helps students discover the exciting potential of chemical science. This book incorporates fresh applications from the three major areas of modern research: materials, environmental chemistry, and biological science.
Download or read book Intermolecular Interactions in Crystals written by Juan J Novoa and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of crystal engineering concerns the design and synthesis of molecular crystals with desired properties. This requires an in-depth understanding of the intermolecular interactions within crystal structures. This new book brings together the latest information and theories about intermolecular bonding, providing an introductory text for graduates. The book is divided into three parts. The first part covers the nature, physical meaning and methods for identification and analysis of intermolecular bonds. The second part explains the different types of bond known to occur in molecular crystals, with each chapter written by a specialist in that specific bond type. The final part discusses the cooperativity effects of different bond types present in one solid. This comprehensive textbook will provide a valuable resource for all students and researchers in the field of crystallography, materials science and supramolecular chemistry.
Download or read book Photoelastic and Electro Optic Properties of Crystals written by T. S. Narasimhamurty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive treatise reviews, for the first time, all the essential work over the past 160 years on the photoelastic and the closely related linear and quadratic electro-optic effects in isotropic and crystalline mate rials. Emphasis is placed on the phenomenal growth of the subject during the past decade and a half with the advent of the laser, with the use of high-frequency acousto-optic and electro-optic techniques, and with the discovery of new piezoelectric materials, all of which have offered a feedback to the wide interest in these two areas of solid-state physics. The first of these subjects, the photoelastic effect, was discovered by Sir David Brewster in 1815. He first found the effect in gels and subsequently found it in glasses and crystals. While the effect remained of academic interest for nearly a hundred years, it became of practical value when Coker and Filon applied it to measuring stresses in machine parts. With one photograph and subsequent analysis, the stress in any planar model can be determined. By taking sections of a three-dimensional model, complete three-dimensional stresses can be found. Hence this effect is widely applied in industry.
Download or read book Introduction to Crystallography written by Frank Hoffmann and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book invites you on a systematic tour through the fascinating world of crystals and their symmetries. The reader will gain an understanding of the symmetry of external crystal forms (morphology) and become acquainted with all the symmetry elements needed to classify and describe crystal structures. The book explains the context in a very vivid, non-mathematical way and captivates with clear, high-quality illustrations. Online materials accompany the book; including 3D models the reader can explore on screen to aid in the spatial understanding of the structure of crystals. After reading the book, you will not only know what a space group is and how to read the International Tables for Crystallography, but will also be able to interpret crystallographic specifications in specialist publications. If questions remain, you also have the opportunity to ask the author on the book's website.
