Download or read book The Mortality Crisis in Transitional Economies written by Giovanni Andrea Cornia and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2000-08-03 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of widespread expectations of improvements in living standards and health conditions, in most of the countries of the former Soviet bloc the transition to the market economy was accompanied by a sharp increase in (already high) death rates. Such an increase provoked an 'excess mortality' of some three million people over the period 1989-96 alone, an unprecedented phenomenon in peacetime. Such a crisis remains poorly explained, has generated a limited policy response in the countries concerned and international organizations, and is bound to generate important political and economic repercussions. This book is the first comprehensive assessment of the mortality crisis in transitional economies, of its causes, and of its remedies on the basis - among others - of micro data sets and quasi-panels on health trends which have never been used before. Contributions by demographers, economists, sociologists, epidemiologists, and health experts provide a rigorous analysis of the upsurge in mortality rates, with the aim of contributing to the launch of vigorous policies to tackle the crisis.

Download or read book The Mortality Crisis in Transition Economies written by Giovanni Andrea Cornia and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large and sudden economic and political changes, even if potentially positive, often entail enormous social and health costs. Such transitory costs are generally underestimated or neglected by incumbent governments. The mortality crisis experienced by the former communist countries of Europe-which caused ten million excess deaths from 1990 to 2000-is a good example of how the transition from a low to a high socio-economic level can generate huge social costs if it is not actively, effectively, and equitably managed from a public policy perspective.

Download or read book When Life Expectancy is Falling written by Vladimir Popov and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2020 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to analyse the unfavourable developments in the dynamics of mortality and life expectancy in post- communist countries in the global context. It appears that this mortality crisis in post-communist countries has a lot of similarities with the recent unfavourable developments in health status in developed countries and many developing countries. Such unfavourable trends have been caused by socio-economic, ânon-material' factors, namely by a loss of social dynamism and/or stress, associated with economic restructuring and social adjustments. First, the stagnation of life expectancy in the former Soviet Union in 1965-90, after the rapid increase in 1920-65, is an important, under-researched phenomenon that enables study of the impact of the loss of social dynamism on health status. Second, the decline in life expectancy in the 1990s enables study of the impact of social stress on health status. Simplifying things, one can say that in the first case, life expectancy did not improve because there were too few changes in life, whereas in the second case, it declined due to excess changes that created stress. In both cases, however, the problem is that of finding an optimal measure of social changes that are beneficial to the quality of life and its longevity. The main goal of this book is to analyse common reasons for these developments in order to derive lessons from the experiences of particular countries.

Download or read book Crisis in Mortality Health and Nutrition written by United Nations Children's Fund. UNICEF. and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mortality and health crisis burdening most Eastern European countries since 1989 is without precedent in the European peacetime history of this century. It signals a societal crisis of unexpected proportions, unknown implications and uncertain solutions. In most of the region, this crisis had caused, and continues to cause, large numbers of avoidable deaths and threatens to erode social stability and indeed the entire transition process. Throughout Eastern Europe, the current crisis is also causing a sharp acceleration in the number of children, adolescents and adults suffering from various illness, invalidity, allergies and chronic diseases, or otherwise considered not to be in good health. Contrary to most expectations, the health and mortality crisis afflicting the region during the last four years has not hit the traditionally most vulnerable groups, that is, children, adolescents, women and the elderly. Indeed, while most of the population has been affected to some degree, the highest increases in mortality have been recorded for male adults in the 20-59 age group. While on a sector-wide basis the most acute deteriorations were observed in the fields of income per capita, poverty rates, demography and social cohesion, regionwide it may clearly be seen that the crisis has assumed a very different pattern. A first group of countries - Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Albania and Romania - shows more frequent, lasting and pronounced retrogressions than the second group: Hungary, Czech and Slovak Republics and Poland.

Download or read book Transition and Institutions written by Giovanni Andrea Cornia and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive assessment of the mortality crisis which has affected most economies in transition but which has remained so far largely unexplained. It reconciles long-term and short-term explanations of the crisis and makes use of special micro data-sets never used before. By providing a rigorous multidisciplinary analysis of this upsurge in mortality rates, the book hopes to contribute to the launch of vigorous policies to tackle this societal problem.

Download or read book The Transition s Mortality Crisis in East Germany written by Regina Therese Riphahn and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Transition's Mortality Crisis in East Germany provides new empirical evidence on the first two years of reunification revealing the impact on health & mortality of middle-aged men, accidents & deaths due to unknown causes.

Download or read book Analyzing the Health Impact of Economic Change written by Gábor Scheiring and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An unprecedented mortality crisis befell the former socialist countries between 1989 and 1995, representing one of the most significant demographic shocks of the post-Second World War period. Academic research has identified economic transitions as a crucial factor behind the post-socialist mortality crisis. However, most previous studies relied on either country-level or individual-level data, which leaves the potential for modeling error, as they cannot assess both distal (economic) and proximal (individual) causes of mortality simultaneously. We aimed to overcome these limitations and investigate the role of economic transitions (rapid mass privatization, deindustrialization, and foreign investment liberalization) and individual-level factors (e.g., alcohol consumption) in the mortality crises in post-socialist countries. We identified towns with different privatization strategies and collected administrative data on 539 towns in Russia, 96 towns in Belarus, and 52 towns in Hungary. In these towns, we identified the largest companies and collected data on their ownership structure. We also conducted large-scale surveys using a retrospective cohort study approach. Respondents provided information on themselves and their relatives, including socio-economic characteristics, health behavior, as well as the vital status of their relatives. In total, we collected data on 268,600 subjects in the three countries. Using this information, we created a complex multi-level database linking towns' industrial characteristics and individual health outcomes covering three decades from 1980 to 2010. We investigated how excess mortality of individuals is distributed across settlements with different privatization strategies. The results confirmed that economic change and alcohol were crucial determinants of mortality during the post-socialist transition.

Download or read book Chernobyl and the Mortality Crisis in Eastern Europe and the Former USSR written by José A. Tapia and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-09-20 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the mortality crisis which affected Eastern Europe and the republics of the former USSR at the time of the transition to a market economy was arguably the major peacetime health crisis of recent decades. Chernobyl and the Mortality Crisis in Eastern Europe and the Old USSR discusses the importance of that crisis, surprisingly underplayed in the scientific literature, and presents evidence suggesting a potential role of the Chernobyl disaster among the causes contributing to it.

Download or read book The Urban Mortality Transition in the United States 1800 1940 written by Michael R. Haines and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States in the 19th and early 20th centuries, there was a substantial mortality 'penalty' to living in urban places. This circumstance was shared with other nations. By around 1940, this penalty had been largely eliminated, and it was healthier, in many cases, to reside in the city than in the countryside. Despite the lack of systematic national data before 1933, it is possible to describe the phenomenon of the urban mortality transition. Early in the 19th century, the United States was not particularly urban (only 6.1% in 1800), a circumstance which led to a relatively favorable mortality situation. A national crude death rate of 20-25 per thousand per year would have been likely. Some early data indicate that mortality was substantially higher in cities, was higher in larger relative to smaller cities, and was higher in the South relative to the North. By 1900, the nation had become about 40% urban (and 56% by 1940). It appears that death rates, especially in urban areas, actually rose (or at least did not decline) over the middle of the 19th century. Increased urbanization, as well as developments in transport and commercialization and increased movements of people into and throughout the nation, contributed to this. Rapid urban growth and an inadequate scientific understanding of disease processes contributed to the mortality crisis of the early and middle nineteenth century in American cities. The sustained mortality transition only began about the 1870s. Thereafter the decline of urban mortality proceeded faster than in rural places, assisted by significant public works improvements and advances in public health and eventually medical science. Much of the process had been completed by the 1940s. The urban penalty had been largely eliminated and mortality continued to decline despite the continued growth in the urban share of the population.

Download or read book Transition Recession and Mortality Crisis in the Former Soviet Bloc written by Giovanni Andrea Cornia and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Elgar Companion to Development Studies written by David Clark and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If handbooks can be inspiring, this is it! Like a true companion, it takes in its stride conversations both big and small. Its entries do not just present an international and multidisciplinary mix, but true to life they work on several different scales. And, importantly, the book makes its authority evident. For it is like an extended website, but with all the added advantages of an encyclopaedia that actually tells you about the authors and the sources on which they have drawn. The resulting compilation is highly intelligent, thoughtful and above all usable. Dame Marilyn Strathern, University of Cambridge, UK The Elgar Companion to Development Studies is a major production in the development studies field, authored by a star-studded cast of contributors. With 136 entries covering a vast range of topics, it should quickly establish itself as a leading work of reference. We should all feel indebted to David Clark, who has successfully brought this substantial publishing project to completion. John Toye, University of Oxford, UK This is a most comprehensive handbook on development studies. It brings together a wide, varied array of carefully crafted summaries of 136 key topics in development by an international cast of well-respected academics and other experts in respective areas of study. The handbook is heavily interdisciplinary, organically combining economic, political, historical, social, cultural, institutional, ethical, and human aspects of development. While the wide range of entries might appear as a simple glossary listing or an encyclopedic collection, each of the 136 entries offers more depth and discussion than the average handbook. . . . Viewed in this light, this companion is highly likely to become known as a leading reference work on the topic. Highly recommended. Ismael Hossein-Zadeh, Choice The Elgar Companion to Development Studies is an innovative and unique reference book that includes original contributions covering development economics as well as development studies broadly defined. This major new Companion brings together an international panel of experts from varying backgrounds who discuss theoretical, ethical and practical issues relating to economic, social, cultural, institutional, political and human aspects of development in poor countries. It also includes a selection of intellectual biographies of leading development thinkers. While the Companion is organised along the lines of an encyclopaedia, each of its 136 entries provide more depth and discussion than the average reference book. Its entries are also extremely diverse: they draw on different social science disciplines, incorporate various mixes of theoretical and applied work, embrace a variety of methodologies and represent different views of the world. The Elgar Companion to Development Studies will therefore appeal to students, scholars, researchers, policymakers and practitioners in the filed of development as well as the interested layman.

Download or read book Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism written by Anne Case and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New York Times Bestseller A Wall Street Journal Bestseller A New York Times Notable Book of 2020 A New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice Shortlisted for the Financial Times and McKinsey Business Book of the Year A New Statesman Book to Read From economist Anne Case and Nobel Prize winner Angus Deaton, a groundbreaking account of how the flaws in capitalism are fatal for America's working class Deaths of despair from suicide, drug overdose, and alcoholism are rising dramatically in the United States, claiming hundreds of thousands of American lives. Anne Case and Angus Deaton explain the overwhelming surge in these deaths and shed light on the social and economic forces that are making life harder for the working class. As the college educated become healthier and wealthier, adults without a degree are literally dying from pain and despair. Case and Deaton tie the crisis to the weakening position of labor, the growing power of corporations, and a rapacious health-care sector that redistributes working-class wages into the pockets of the wealthy. This critically important book paints a troubling portrait of the American dream in decline, and provides solutions that can rein in capitalism's excesses and make it work for everyone.

Download or read book High and Rising Mortality Rates Among Working Age Adults written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wealthier is Healthier written by Lant Pritchett and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economies in Transition written by G. Roland and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-12-13 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twentieth anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall saw many reflect on the political, economic and social changes of recent years. The legacy of communism and the economic prospects of post-communist countries are rigorously analysed in this stimulating study of the long term consequences of transition.

Download or read book Evidence based Policy Making in Labor Economics written by Daniel S. Hamermesh and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-07 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence-based Policy Making in Labor Economics distills and condenses the best thinking and research on labor economic issues to enable decision makers make better informed policy decisions. Written by well-known labor economists worldwide, research findings on key policy issues are presented in a compact and readable format, as distillations of comprehensive evidence-based research with concise policy recommendations. Designed to act as a quick reference, this guide brings together summaries of over 100 articles published on IZA World of Labor to give busy policymakers and political advisors worldwide instant access to reliable and up-to-date guidance on key policy topics including: asylum and immigration policy, youth unemployment and life-long learning, innovation, and technological change.

Download or read book Palgrave Dictionary of Emerging Markets and Transition Economics written by Jens Hölscher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-21 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The period of transition from socialism to capitalism in parts of Europe and Asia over the past 25 years has attracted considerable interest in academia and beyond. From the Editors of Palgrave's iconic series 'Studies in Economic Transition' comes the Palgrave Dictionary of Emerging Markets and Transition Economics. This dictionary addresses the needs of students, lecturers and the interested general public to quickly find definitions and explanations of topics, institutions, personalities and processes in this historical phase of changing societies, which as such is not concluded. Today newly emerging market economies try to learn from the experiences of transition economies. Those who love The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics will enjoy the format of this Dictionary, which uses an encyclopaedia-based approach, where articles not only define the terms but provide an overview of the evolution of the term or theory and also touch on the current debates.