Download or read book The Molecular Basis of Autism written by Gweneth Hopkins and published by . This book was released on 2019-06-06 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An individual with autism experiences difficulties with social interactions and communication, and exhibits restricted and repetitive behavior. The underlying cause of the disease is not entirely understood but can be ascribed to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The genetics of autism are complex. The associated behaviors of autism may have multiple pathophysiologies. It does not have a unifying mechanism at the cellular, molecular or systems level, but it is believed that autism may be caused due to converging mutations on common molecular pathways. Autistic children experience faster growth of brain in early stages, followed by relatively slower or normal growth during childhood. This early overgrowth is hypothesized to be due to a disturbed neuronal migration during early gestation, an excess of neurons which causes local overconnectivity in specific brain areas, unbalanced excitatory-inhibitory networks, etc. This book covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around the pathophysiology of autism. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe on the molecular basis of autism. It will help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in this domain.
Download or read book A Time for Metabolism and Hormones written by Paolo Sassone-Corsi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen spectacular advances in the field of circadian biology. These have attracted the interest of researchers in many fields, including endocrinology, neurosciences, cancer, and behavior. By integrating a circadian view within the fields of endocrinology and metabolism, researchers will be able to reveal many, yet-unsuspected aspects of how organisms cope with changes in the environment and subsequent control of homeostasis. This field is opening new avenues in our understanding of metabolism and endocrinology. A panel of the most distinguished investigators in the field gathered together to discuss the present state and the future of the field. The editors trust that this volume will be of use to those colleagues who will be picking up the challenge to unravel how the circadian clock can be targeted for the future development of specific pharmacological strategies toward a number of pathologies.
Download or read book The Molecular Basis of Autism written by S. Hossein Fatemi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-20 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive overview of the clinical and scientific aspects of Autism from the leading experts in the field. The clinical section covers everything from epidemiological features to epigenetic regulation to behavioral therapies and much in between. The basic science section presents the latest knowledge on the underlying causes of the disorder including the role of various neurotransmitters, neurexins and neuroligins, reelin, and other proteins. Chapters also explore the cognition and motor control in autism and the connection between oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and autism. The thorough description of these underlying causes may help researchers and clinicians find more effective treatments and therapies for the 1 in 68 American children who have been diagnosed with Autism.
Download or read book Molecular Basis of Autism like Behavior in SAPAP3 deficient Mice written by Natalya S. Tesdahl and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a diverse group of diseases that share the common features of deficits in social communication and rigid, repetitive behavior patterns. Most genetic alterations related to ASD can be broadly split into two categories - those pertaining to mTOR/PI3K signaling, and those pertaining to synaptic connections and structure. While a number of synaptic scaffolding proteins have been linked to ASD via human genetic studies and mouse models, SAP90/PSD95 associated protein 3 (SAPAP3) has not. Loss of SAPAP3 in mice, however, results in compulsive grooming behavior, which parallels one of the core features of ASD. On a molecular level, loss of SAPAP3 results in increased signaling via the group I metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5. As mGluR5 is known to regulate protein transcription and translation, we conducted a proteomic comparison of sapap3-/- mice relative to sapap3+/+ mice. We identified a number of differentially regulated proteins, the majority of which were upregulated in sapap3-/- mice. Of those, we chose to further investigate collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), due to its role in regulating dendritic branching and neurogenesis. We found abnormalities in both dendritic branching and postnatal neurogenesis in sapap3-/- mice, changes which may contribute to some of their behavioral phenotypes. We also found that ultrasonic vocalization, a form of communication for mice, is altered in neonatal sapap3-/- mice. Taken together, these findings provide new direction that could lead to future therapeutics for patients with ASD, as well as an early read-out of the effectiveness of any potential treatment.
Download or read book The Molecular Basis of Aberrant Emotional Learning in an Animal Model of Autism written by Anwesha Banerjee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by core symptoms including repetitive behavior, impaired social interactions and deficits in social communication. Apart from these core symptoms, a significant number of ASD individuals display higher levels of anxiety and some studies indicate that a subset of ASD individuals are impaired in their ability to be fear conditioned. Therefore, we sought to further examine emotional learning in an environmentally induced animal model of ASD, where pregnant rats are exposed to the known teratogen valproic acid (VPA) on day 12.5 of gestation. In the first part of the study we specifically exposed dams to either one of two different doses of VPA (500 and 600 mg/kg) or vehicle on day 12.5 of gestation. Resultant progeny at 60 days of age were auditory fear conditioned. VPA-Lo animals (500mg/kg) displayed normal acquisition of fear conditioning, but exhibited reduced extinction of fear memory. However we observed that VPA-Hi animals (600mg/kg) exhibited a significant reduction in acquisition of fear conditioning. In the second part of the study, we examined the molecular basis of VPA induced impairment in VPA-Hi animals. We performed whole genome gene expression analysis using DNA microarrays to examine differences in gene expression within the amygdala. Homer1a was one of the genes which exhibited a significant upregulation within the amygdala. Homer1a acts as a dominant negative regulator and uncouples long forms of homer-ligand interaction resulting in molecular reorganization of the synapse. To validate the microarray data and to additionally examine how Homer1a mRNA levels varied within the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) of VPA-Hi animals, we performed quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). We observed an upregulation of homer1a mRNA levels in VPA exposed animals across different cohort of animals suggesting levels of homer1a within the BLA may be critical for proper fear learning. To examine the effect of overexpression of Homer1a in BLA on fear learning, we have generated adeno-associated virus (AAV) designed to express Homer1a. We found that overexpression of homer1a in the BLA significantly impaired auditory fear conditioning in animals and induced autism like symptoms. These results provide evidence that Homer1a might be an important synaptic protein relevant to the fear learning abnormalities observed in animals exposed to VPA in utero.
Download or read book The Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Joseph D. Buxbaum and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism is no longer considered a rare disease, and the Center for Disease Control now estimates that upwards of 730,000 children in the US struggle with this isolating brain disorder. New research is leading to greater understanding of and ability to treat the disorder at an earlier age. It is hoped that further genetic and imaging studies will lead to biologically based diagnostic techniques that could help speed detection and allow early, more effective intervention. Edited by two leaders in the field, this volume offers a current survey and synthesis of the most important findings of the neuroscience behind autism of the past 20 years. With chapters authored by experts in each topic, the volume explores etiology, neuropathology, imaging, and pathways/models. Offering a broad background of ASDs with a unique focus on neurobiology, the volume offers more than the others on the market with a strictly clinical focus or a single authored perspective that fails to offer expert, comprehensive coverage. Researchers and graduate students alike with an interest in developmental disorders and autism will benefit, as will autism specialists across psychology and medicine looking to expand their expertise. Uniquely explores ASDs from a neurobiological angle, looking to uncover the molecular/cellular basis rather than to merely catalog the commonly used behavioral interventions Comprehensive coverage synthesizes widely dispersed research, serving as one-stop shopping for neurodevelopmental disorder researchers and autism specialists Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe - the broadest, most expert coverage available
Download or read book Comprehensive Guide to Autism written by Vinood B. Patel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism is a complex multifaceted disorder affecting neurodevelopment during the early years of life and, for many, throughout the life span. Inherent features include difficulties or deficits in communication, social interaction, cognition, and interpersonal behavioral coordination, to name just a few. Autism profoundly impacts the affected individual, the family, and, in many cases, the localized communities. The increased prevalence of childhood autism has resulted in rapid developments in a wide range of disciplines in recent years. Nevertheless, despite intensive research, the cause(s) remain unresolved and no single treatment strategy is employed. To address these issues, Comprehensive Guide to Autism is an all-embracing reference that offers analyses and discussions of contemporary issues in the field of autism. The work brings together scientific material from leading experts in the field relating to a wide range of important current topics, such as the early identification and treatment of children with autism, pertinent social and behavioral studies, recent developments in genetics and immunology, the influence of diet, models of autism, and future treatment prospects. Comprehensive Guide to Autism contains essential readings for behavioral science researchers, psychologists, physicians, social workers, parents, and caregivers.
Download or read book The Neurochemical Basis of Autism written by Gene J. Blatt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A perceived rise in autism worldwide has led to a dramatic increase in autism research. This is a uniquely interdisciplinary text that presents the latest findings regarding the physiological, neuropathological, neurochemical and clinical elements of autism.
Download or read book Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Stephen Deutsch and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimated prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have increased at an alarming rate over the past decade; current estimates stand as high as 1 in 110 persons in the population with a higher ratio of affected males to females. In addition to their emotional impact on the affected persons and their family members (in fact, the latter are often unrecognized unaffected “patients” themselves), the economic and social impacts of ASDs on society are staggering. Persons with ASDs will need interdisciplinary approaches to complex treatment and life planning, including, but not limited to, special education, speech and language therapy, vocational skills training and rehabilitation, social skills training and cognitive remediation, in addition to pharmacotherapy. The current book highlights some of the recent research on nosology, etiology, and pathophysiology. Additionally, the book touches on the implications of new research for treatment and genetic counseling. Importantly, because the field is advancing rapidly, no book can be considered the final word or finished product; thus, the availability of open access rapid publication is a mechanism that will help to assure that readers remain current and up-to-date.
Download or read book Jasper s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies written by Jeffrey Noebels and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 1258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.
Download or read book Reelin Glycoprotein written by S.H. Fatemi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-04 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reelin glycoprotein is a serine protease with important roles in embryogenesis and during adult life. This comprehensive and integrative book examines the role that reelin plays in the etiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. The book provides an unprecedented analysis of this emerging and novel protein by examining evidence from genetic, neuroanatomic, biochemical, and behavioral studies.
Download or read book Autism and the Environment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-03-12 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) constitute a major public health problem, affecting one in every 150 children and their families. Unfortunately, there is little understanding of the causes of ASD, and, despite their broad societal impact, many people believe that the overall research program for autism is incomplete, particularly as it relates to the role of environmental factors. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, in response to a request from the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services, hosted a workshop called "Autism and the Environment: Challenges and Opportunities for Research." The focus was on improving the understanding of the ways in which environmental factors such as chemicals, infectious agents, or physiological or psychological stress can affect the development of the brain. Autism and the Environment documents the concerted effort which brought together the key public and private stakeholders to discuss potential ways to improve the understanding of the ways that environmental factors may affect ASD. The presentations and discussions from the workshop that are described in this book identify a number of promising directions for research on the possible role of different environmental agents in the etiology of autism.
Download or read book Personalized Food Intervention and Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder Management written by M. Mohamed Essa and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on implications of traditional and processed foods for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) intervention and management. Numerous phytonutrients and pharmacologically active compounds in edible natural products and diet could influence and offer protection to neuronal dysfunction that occurs due to ASD. The neuroprotective effects of various fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds phytochemicals, and other natural bioactive ingredients against ASD and related conditions are discussed. Topics such as the possible neuroprotective mechanism of action of these foods and the therapeutic role of antioxidants in relation to ASD are addressed. This book also highlights the scope of using anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants to promote neurogenesis and improve other symptoms in ASD. It emphasizes personalized nutritional approaches with dietary management of neurodevelopmental disorders/ASD cases. Information in this book is relevant to researchers in the field of complementary and alternative medicine, nutraceuticals, neuroscience, agriculture, nutrition, and food science. This volume is beneficial to students of varying levels, and across multiple disciplines.
Download or read book Autism written by Michael Fitzgerald and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-04-12 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book opens with a discussion of neurodiversity and an elaboration of the diagnosis of autism. It then examines factors correlating with autism, including sex bias, month of birth, migration and impact of infant feeding. The next section is on the impact of autism. The neurobiology and genetic section deals with epigenetics and intracellular pathways associated with etiology. The development and behaviour section deals with proprioceptive profiles and joint attention in autism. The final section focuses on interventions including mindfulness, animal assisted activity, social/cultural perspective on autism intervention and physical activity. The book is relevant to all professionals and researchers working with persons with autism, including psychiatrists/psychologists, speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, teachers, nurses and care workers.
Download or read book Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Andreas M. Grabrucker and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism spectrum disorders are developmental disorders. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders develop differently. These differences are usually present in social interaction, communication, and sensory processing, and become visible through a wide variety of behavioral responses that differ from individuals without autism spectrum disorders. Despite significant research efforts, the exact causes of autism spectrum disorders remain poorly understood; however, researchers have gained extensive insights into possible pathomechanisms, even at the molecular level of cells. Many diagnostic criteria have been developed, adapted, and improved. The eight chapters in this book highlight the current state-of-the-art in many areas of autism spectrum disorders. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders and the current knowledge of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Chapter 2 summarizes the diagnostic criteria and procedures and highlights present and upcoming therapeutic strategies. Chapter 3 reviews the adverse events and trauma in people with autism spectrum disorders. Chapters 4 and 5 focus on atypical sensory processing, and Chapter 6 discusses the genetic overlap of autism spectrum disorders with other neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and schizophrenia. Chapter 7 focuses on the contribution of abnormalities in mitochondria, and chapter 8 discusses gut-brain interactions and a potential role for microbiota in autism spectrum disorders. This book is aimed primarily at clinicians and scientists, but many areas will also be of interest to the layperson.
Download or read book Cognitive Plasticity in Neurologic Disorders written by Joseph I. Tracy and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume makes clear that the cognitive and behavioural symptoms of neurologic disorders and syndromes are dynamic and changing. Each chapter describes the neuroplastic processes at work in a particular condition, giving rise to these ongoing cognitive changes.
Download or read book The Autisms written by Mary Coleman and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rev. ed. of: Biology of the autistic syndromes / Christopher Gillberg, Mary Coleman. 3rd ed. 2000.
