Download or read book The Molecular Basis of Aberrant Emotional Learning in an Animal Model of Autism written by Anwesha Banerjee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by core symptoms including repetitive behavior, impaired social interactions and deficits in social communication. Apart from these core symptoms, a significant number of ASD individuals display higher levels of anxiety and some studies indicate that a subset of ASD individuals are impaired in their ability to be fear conditioned. Therefore, we sought to further examine emotional learning in an environmentally induced animal model of ASD, where pregnant rats are exposed to the known teratogen valproic acid (VPA) on day 12.5 of gestation. In the first part of the study we specifically exposed dams to either one of two different doses of VPA (500 and 600 mg/kg) or vehicle on day 12.5 of gestation. Resultant progeny at 60 days of age were auditory fear conditioned. VPA-Lo animals (500mg/kg) displayed normal acquisition of fear conditioning, but exhibited reduced extinction of fear memory. However we observed that VPA-Hi animals (600mg/kg) exhibited a significant reduction in acquisition of fear conditioning. In the second part of the study, we examined the molecular basis of VPA induced impairment in VPA-Hi animals. We performed whole genome gene expression analysis using DNA microarrays to examine differences in gene expression within the amygdala. Homer1a was one of the genes which exhibited a significant upregulation within the amygdala. Homer1a acts as a dominant negative regulator and uncouples long forms of homer-ligand interaction resulting in molecular reorganization of the synapse. To validate the microarray data and to additionally examine how Homer1a mRNA levels varied within the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) of VPA-Hi animals, we performed quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). We observed an upregulation of homer1a mRNA levels in VPA exposed animals across different cohort of animals suggesting levels of homer1a within the BLA may be critical for proper fear learning. To examine the effect of overexpression of Homer1a in BLA on fear learning, we have generated adeno-associated virus (AAV) designed to express Homer1a. We found that overexpression of homer1a in the BLA significantly impaired auditory fear conditioning in animals and induced autism like symptoms. These results provide evidence that Homer1a might be an important synaptic protein relevant to the fear learning abnormalities observed in animals exposed to VPA in utero.
Download or read book Cognitive Plasticity in Neurologic Disorders written by Joseph I. Tracy and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume makes clear that the cognitive and behavioural symptoms of neurologic disorders and syndromes are dynamic and changing. Each chapter describes the neuroplastic processes at work in a particular condition, giving rise to these ongoing cognitive changes.
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Autism and the Environment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-03-12 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) constitute a major public health problem, affecting one in every 150 children and their families. Unfortunately, there is little understanding of the causes of ASD, and, despite their broad societal impact, many people believe that the overall research program for autism is incomplete, particularly as it relates to the role of environmental factors. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, in response to a request from the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services, hosted a workshop called "Autism and the Environment: Challenges and Opportunities for Research." The focus was on improving the understanding of the ways in which environmental factors such as chemicals, infectious agents, or physiological or psychological stress can affect the development of the brain. Autism and the Environment documents the concerted effort which brought together the key public and private stakeholders to discuss potential ways to improve the understanding of the ways that environmental factors may affect ASD. The presentations and discussions from the workshop that are described in this book identify a number of promising directions for research on the possible role of different environmental agents in the etiology of autism.
Download or read book Comprehensive Guide to Autism written by Vinood B. Patel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism is a complex multifaceted disorder affecting neurodevelopment during the early years of life and, for many, throughout the life span. Inherent features include difficulties or deficits in communication, social interaction, cognition, and interpersonal behavioral coordination, to name just a few. Autism profoundly impacts the affected individual, the family, and, in many cases, the localized communities. The increased prevalence of childhood autism has resulted in rapid developments in a wide range of disciplines in recent years. Nevertheless, despite intensive research, the cause(s) remain unresolved and no single treatment strategy is employed. To address these issues, Comprehensive Guide to Autism is an all-embracing reference that offers analyses and discussions of contemporary issues in the field of autism. The work brings together scientific material from leading experts in the field relating to a wide range of important current topics, such as the early identification and treatment of children with autism, pertinent social and behavioral studies, recent developments in genetics and immunology, the influence of diet, models of autism, and future treatment prospects. Comprehensive Guide to Autism contains essential readings for behavioral science researchers, psychologists, physicians, social workers, parents, and caregivers.
Download or read book Behavioral Neuroscience written by Sara Palermo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What do we mean by "behavioral neuroscience?" This volume aims at providing an overview of behavioral neuroscience and deepening neuronal mechanisms and brain circuits that regulate the fundamental aspects of human behavior, such as cognitive and emotional functions. It is intended to give the reader the most up-to-date vision of how the interaction between biological mechanisms and neurocognitive processes leads to complex and highly organized behaviors.In recent years the strong impulse given to research on behavioral neuroscience has produced a large literature that documents the high level of complexity of the issue, for which it is necessary to provide a reasoned multidimensional analysis able to integrate the expertise of different disciplines.The book offers an excellent synopsis of perspectives, methods, empirical evidences, and international references. Therefore, it represents an extraordinary opportunity to target neuroscientific hot topics and to outline new horizons in the study of the relationship between brain and behavior.
Download or read book Autism Spectrum Disorders written by M. Créteil and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate and exhaustive, this book provides a wide overview of the current knowledge on phenotypes, mechanisms and treatment of autism spectrum disorders. It covers topics on diagnostic issues, comorbid conditions and therapeutic strategies along with a detailed discussion on the actual understanding of the pathophysiology of autism disorders. More specifically, this book reviews in detail the current knowledge on the comorbidity between mental and medical disorders, describes abnormal cognitive and social development and gives a thorough overview on genetic as well as brain imaging abnormalities observed in autism spectrum disorders. In addition, the current literature on environmental risk factors which may provide an explanation for the increased prevalence of autism is being described. The last chapter gives an extensive review of early detection and early therapeutic interventions encompassing psycho-social and pharmacological strategies. Each chapter is easy to read and gives the reader access to the most important information on each topic covered. This book provides innovative reading material for medical students, psychologists, researchers and clinicians who need accurate information on the best available diagnostic and therapeutic strategies as well as on up-to-date research data.
Download or read book Homeostatic Control of Brain Function written by Detlev Boison and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homeostatic Control of Brain Function offers a broad view of brain health and diverse perspectives for potential treatments, targeting key areas such as mitochondria, the immune system, epigenetic changes, and regulatory molecules such as ions, neuropeptides, and neuromodulators. Loss of homeostasis becomes expressed as a diverse array of neurological disorders. Each disorder has multiple comorbidities - with some crossing over several conditions - and often disease-specific treatments remain elusive. When current pharmacological therapies result in ineffective and inadequate outcomes, therapies to restore and maintain homeostatic functions can help improve brain health, no matter the diagnosis. Employing homeostatic therapies may lead to future cures or treatments that address multiple comorbidities. In an age where brain diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's are ever present, the incorporation of homeostatic techniques could successfully promote better overall brain health. Key Features include · A focus on the homeostatic controls that significantly depend on the way one lives, eats, and drinks. · Highlights from emerging research in non-pharmaceutical therapies including botanical medications, meditation, diet, and exercise. · Incorporation of homeostatic therapies into existing basic and clinical research paradigms. · Extensive scientific basic and clinical research ranging from molecules to disorders. · Emerging practical information for improving homeostasis. · Examples of homeostatic therapies in preventing and delaying dysfunction. Both editors, Detlev Boison and Susan Masino, bring their unique expertise in homeostatic research to the overall scope of this work. This book is accessible to all with an interest in brain health; scientist, clinician, student, and lay reader alike.
Download or read book Jasper s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies written by Jeffrey Noebels and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 1258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.
Download or read book Reelin Glycoprotein written by S.H. Fatemi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-04 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reelin glycoprotein is a serine protease with important roles in embryogenesis and during adult life. This comprehensive and integrative book examines the role that reelin plays in the etiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. The book provides an unprecedented analysis of this emerging and novel protein by examining evidence from genetic, neuroanatomic, biochemical, and behavioral studies.
Download or read book Autism written by Michael Rutter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume aims to provide the reader with an up-to-date account of knowledge, research, education, and clinical practice in the field of au tism, from an international perspective. The emphasis throughout is on the growing points of knowledge and on the new developments in prac tice. We have tried to keep a balance between the need for rigorous research and systematic evaluation and the importance of expressing new ideas and concepts so that they may influence thinking at a stage when questions are being formulated and fresh approaches to treatment are being developed. The book had its origins in the 1976 International Symposium on Autism held in St. Gallen, Switzerland but it is not in any sense a proceed ings of that meeting. Most papers have been extensively rewritten to provide a fuller coverage of the topic and also to take account of the issues raised at the meeting. Discussion dialogues have been revised and re structured to stand as self-contained chapters. Many significant contribu tions to the conference have not been induded in order to maintain the balance of a definitive review; however a few extra chapters have been added to fill crucial gaps 0 We hope the result is a vivid picture ofthe current state of the art. As editors we have been most impressed by the advances since the 1970 international conference in London.
Download or read book Dopamine Neuron Diversity in Circuits and Diseases written by Jean-Francois Poulin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-24 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shankopathies Shank Protein Deficiency Induced Synaptic Diseases written by Elodie Ey and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Autism Spectrum Disorders Developmental Trajectories Neurobiological Basis Treatment Update written by Roberto Canitano and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Topic has the aim to fill the gap of the many unresolved scientific issues on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) that are still in need of investigation, Targeted treatments based on the understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of disease are still lacking. Further research is awaited and should be obtained through a significant effort on experimental treatment trials and neuroscience research. This Topic is divided in two main sections, one covering clinical issues and another on basic neurosciences of Autism Spectrum Disorders. A more detailed description of the contents of the articles is provided in the editorial at the beginning of the issue.
Download or read book The Molecular Basis of Autism written by S. Hossein Fatemi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-20 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive overview of the clinical and scientific aspects of Autism from the leading experts in the field. The clinical section covers everything from epidemiological features to epigenetic regulation to behavioral therapies and much in between. The basic science section presents the latest knowledge on the underlying causes of the disorder including the role of various neurotransmitters, neurexins and neuroligins, reelin, and other proteins. Chapters also explore the cognition and motor control in autism and the connection between oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and autism. The thorough description of these underlying causes may help researchers and clinicians find more effective treatments and therapies for the 1 in 68 American children who have been diagnosed with Autism.
Download or read book Medicinal Cannabis and CBD in Mental Healthcare written by Kylie O'Brien and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-27 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book functions as a clinician’s guide to the use of cannabidiol (CBD) in the treatment of mental health conditions. It conveys the scientific evidence of efficacy of CBD as well as THC and addresses the social stigma attached to its medical use. The book describes the endocannabinoid system, how stress and the endocannabinoid system interact and key constituents, pharmacokinetics and safety aspects of medicinal cannabis, focusing on CBD and THC. Chapters on specific mental health conditions describe the underpinning pathomechanisms including how the endocannabinoid system is involved, and summarises the scientific evidence including animal and human research for the use of CBD and THC in treatment of such conditions. Topics covered include anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, Alzheimer's Disease and autism spectrum disorder. Chapters also discuss treatment guidelines and case studies. Unique and focused, Medicinal Cannabis and CBD in Mental Healthcare is an invaluable reference for medical practitioners seeking to adopt CBD-use in their treatment plans.
