Download or read book The Mechanism of Resistance of Oral Carcinoma Cells to Natural Killer Cell mediated Cytotoxicity written by Hiromi Nakamura and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Strategies to Target Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells Using Natural Killer Cells and Chemotherapeutic Drugs written by Caitlin Jean Lanzon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate that similar to differentiated oral tumors, differentiated pancreatic tumors are more resistant whereas their undifferentiated counterparts, or cancer stem cells, are more sensitive to Natural Killer (NK) cell mediated lysis. Furthermore, to reveal that anergized NK cells induce tumor differentiation and to examine the mechanism by which these differentiated cells resist NK cell mediated cytotoxicity. Lastly, to demonstrate that NAC protects tumor cells from lysis by Cisplatin chemotherapeutic treatments, while conversely, when used in conjunction with Paclitaxel, NAC causes a synergistic effect significantly increasing tumor cell lysis versus Paclitaxel treatments alone. METHODS: Differentiated and undifferentiated, or cancer stem cells, for pancreatic cancer was used to determine their resistance and sensitivity to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and secretion of cytokines. The function of NK cells was assessed using 51Cr release assay, and the secretion of cytokines by cytokine arrays. Flow cytometry was used for surface analysis. Also, tumor cells were cultured with NK supernatants prior to undergoing cytotoxic 51Cr release assays and flow cytometry surface analysis. In addition, tumor cells were treated with Cisplatin, Paclitaxel, and NAC, and cell death was determined using propidium iodide (PI) staining or ethanol permeabilization, followed by flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: Similar to differentiated oral tumors, differentiated tumors of the pancreas are resistant to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity whereas their undifferentiated counterparts or cancer stem cells are significantly more sensitive. Differentiated tumors exhibited lower CD44 and CD54 and higher B7H1 and MICA when compared to undifferentiated or cancer stem cells. Differentiated tumors triggered no or very low levels of IFN-g secretion by the NK cells. Anergized NK cells release factors that cause tumor cell resistance to NK cell mediated lysis and an increase in B7H1 surface expression on the target cells. Use of anti-B7H1 treatments on these differentiated tumor cells does not restore their sensitivity to NK cell lysis. Furthermore, NAC protects target tumor cells against Cisplatin-mediated killing, yet enhances cell death when used together with Paclitaxel. CONCLUSIONS: Sensitivity to NK cell mediated lysis is dependent on the stage of differentiation and it is irrespective of the type of cancer. Therefore, NK cells are primary cells to eliminate cancer stem cells. Known inactivation of NK cell cytotoxic function in many cancers including oral tumors may be a major underlying mechanism for the survival and expansion of cancer stem cells. Therefore, patients with cancer may benefit from repeated allogeneic NK cell transplantation for specific elimination of cancer stem cells. There is inactivation of NK cell cytotoxicity function in many cancers, and here we show that anergized NK cytokines gives tumor cells resistance to NK cell mediated lysis and up regulates surface expression of B7H1 on the tumor cells. This marker may be partially responsible for conferring the resistance to NK cell mediated lysis. Knowledge of tumor cell responses to NK cytokines will aid in determining more effective treatments for cancer patients. In addition, the known function of NAC to protect cells is not seen when used with Paclitaxel to lyse tumor cells, therefore patients with cancer may benefit from this synergistic drug combination. NAC may be a factor that could enhance the effects of Paclitaxel chemotherapeutic treatments.
Download or read book Signaling Mechanisms Regulating T Cell Diversity and Function written by Jonathan Soboloff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: T cells play a vital role mediating adaptive immunity, a specific acquired resistance to an infectious agent produced by the introduction of an antigen. There are a variety of T cell types with different functions. They are called T cells, because they are derived from the thymus gland. This volume discusses how T cells are regulated through the operation of signaling mechanisms. Topics covered include positive and negative selection, early events in T cell receptor engagement, and various T cell subsets.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The KIR Gene Cluster written by Mary Carrington and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PET CT in Melanoma written by Michael S. Hofman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-31 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pocket book provides up-to-date guidance on the use of PET/CT in patients with melanoma, which is of rapidly growing importance due to the emergence of immunotherapy. The role of PET/CT in diagnostic workup, staging, treatment selection, prognostication, and follow-up is clearly explained. Imaging features are described and illustrated with the aid of a series of teaching cases, and attention is drawn to normal variants, artifacts, and pitfalls. Readers will also find explanation of the relation of the clinical and pathological background to imaging and the value of PET/CT compared with conventional radiological imaging. The book is published within the Springer series Clinicians’ Guides to Radionuclide Hybrid Imaging (compiled under the auspices of the British Nuclear Medicine Society) and will be an excellent asset for referring clinicians, nuclear medicine/radiology physicians, radiographers/technologists, and nurses who routinely work in nuclear medicine and participate in multidisciplinary meetings.
Download or read book Journal of the National Cancer Institute written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oncoimmunology written by Laurence Zitvogel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, leading experts in cancer immunotherapy join forces to provide a comprehensive guide that sets out the main principles of oncoimmunology and examines the latest advances and their implications for clinical practice, focusing in particular on drugs with FDA/EMA approvals and breakthrough status. The aim is to deliver a landmark educational tool that will serve as the definitive reference for MD and PhD students while also meeting the needs of established researchers and healthcare professionals. Immunotherapy-based approaches are now inducing long-lasting clinical responses across multiple histological types of neoplasia, in previously difficult-to-treat metastatic cancers. The future challenges for oncologists are to understand and exploit the cellular and molecular components of complex immune networks, to optimize combinatorial regimens, to avoid immune-related side effects, and to plan immunomonitoring studies for biomarker discovery. The editors hope that this book will guide future and established health professionals toward the effective application of cancer immunology and immunotherapy and contribute significantly to further progress in the field.
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Cancer Biology written by Francesco Pezzella and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-06 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of the biology of tumours has grown to become markedly interdisciplinary, involving chemists, statisticians, epidemiologists, mathematicians, bioinformaticians, and computer scientists alongside biologists, geneticists, and clinicians. The Oxford Textbook of Cancer Biology brings together the most up-to-date developments from different branches of research into one coherent volume, providing a comprehensive and current account of this rapidly evolving field. Structured in eight sections, the book starts with a review of the development and biology of multi-cellular organisms, how they maintain a healthy homeostasis in an individual, and a description of the molecular basis of cancer development. The book then illustrates, as once cells become neoplastic, their signalling network is altered and pathological behaviour follows. It explores the changes that cancer cells can induce in nearby normal tissue, the new relationship established between them and the stroma, and the interaction between the immune system and tumour growth. The authors illustrate the contribution provided by high throughput techniques to map cancer at different levels, from genomic sequencing to cellular metabolic functions, and how information technology, with its vast amounts of data, is integrated with traditional cell biology to provide a global view of the disease. The effect of the different types of treatments on the biology of the neoplastic cells are explored to understand on the one side, why some treatments succeed, and on the other, how they can affect the biology of resistant and recurrent disease. The book concludes by summarizing what we know to date about cancer, and in what direction our understanding of cancer is moving. Edited by leading authorities in the field with an international team of contributors, this book is an essential resource for scholars and professionals working in the wide variety of sub-disciplines that make up today's cancer research and treatment community. It is written not only for consultation, but also for easy cover-to-cover reading.
Download or read book Biomechanics in Oncology written by Cheng Dong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-27 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers multi-scale biomechanics for oncology, ranging from cells and tissues to whole organ. Topics covered include, but not limited to, biomaterials in mechano-oncology, non-invasive imaging techniques, mechanical models of cell migration, cancer cell mechanics, and platelet-based drug delivery for cancer applications. This is an ideal book for graduate students, biomedical engineers, and researchers in the field of mechanobiology and oncology. This book also: Describes how mechanical properties of cancer cells, the extracellular matrix, tumor microenvironment and immuno-editing, and fluid flow dynamics contribute to tumor progression and the metastatic process Provides the latest research on non-invasive imaging, including traction force microscopy and brillouin confocal microscopy Includes insight into NCIs’ role in supporting biomechanics in oncology research Details how biomaterials in mechano-oncology can be used as a means to tune materials to study cancer
Download or read book Molecular mechanisms regulating cytotoxic lymphocyte development and function and their associations to human diseases written by Konrad Krzewski and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-04-22 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nothing provided
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology written by Jan B. Vermorken and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-27 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access book. With a wealth of exciting data emerging in this rapidly evolving field this book will review the state-of-the-art knowledge with emphasis on multidisciplinary decision and management of head and neck cancer. The book provides significant detail on a wide range of topics including: the role of new targets for treatment, immunotherapy, resistance mechanisms, standardizing molecular profiling programs, and new methods to guide therapeutic approaches. In addition different disease situations are addressed including different treatment approaches in primary disease and in recurrent and/or metastatic disease as well as new developments in pathology, surgery and reconstruction techniques, new systemic therapies in salivary gland cancer, and supportive care and follow-up. All disciplines involved in the treatment of head & neck cancer are covered with a focus on translation into daily practice. The 8th-THNO is designed for medical oncologists, head and neck surgeons, radiation oncologists, otolaryngologists, and other medical professionals involved in the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer.
Download or read book HPV Infection in Head and Neck Cancer written by Wojciech Golusiński and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-03 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is exceptional in presenting an interdisciplinary approach to the subject of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the context of head and neck cancer. Leading experts in the field discuss the epidemiology and molecular biology of HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, HPV testing, the nonsurgical and surgical treatment of HPV-positive tumors, predictive factors for outcome and quality of life, and ongoing trials on the effectiveness of vaccination in disease prevention. It also provides recommendations for testing, diagnosis treatment and vaccination. Otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, molecular biologists and pathologists will find this book a valuable resource.
Download or read book NK Cell Based Cancer Immunotherapy written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that have a significant role in regulating the defenses against cancer development and certain viral infections. They are equipped with an array of activating and inhibitory receptors that stimulate or diminish NK cell activity, respectively. Inhibitory receptors include, among others, the MHC class I ligands killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in humans, and members of the Ly49 family of receptors in mice, and CD94/NKG2A. Activating receptors include cytokine and chemokine receptors, and those that interact with ligands expressed on target cells, such as the natural cytotoxicity receptors or NCRs (NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46), NKG2D, CD244 and DNAM-1. In addition, NK cells express Fc?RIIIA or CD16, the receptor that exerts antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). NK cells also express the death ligands FasL and TRAIL. The killing or sparing of target cells depends on the integration of distinct signals that originate from NK cell receptors. NK cells spare healthy cells that express normal levels of MHC class I molecules and low amounts of stress-induced self-molecules, whereas they kill target cells that down-regulate MHC class I molecules and/or up-regulate stress-induced self-molecules. The latter are common signatures of virus-infected cells and tumors. All the accumulated knowledge on NK cell biology, along with many clinical observations, is driving multiple efforts to improve the arsenal of NK cell-based therapeutic tools in the fight against malignant diseases. Indeed, NK cell-based immunotherapy is becoming a promising approach for the treatment of many cancers. It is well known that NK cells have a significant role in the anti-tumor effect of therapeutic antibodies that use ADCC as a mechanism of action. In addition to this, administration of autologous and allogeneic NK cells after activation and expansion ex vivo is used in the treatment of cancer. Moreover, adoptive transfer of NK cell lines has been tested in humans, and genetically modified NK cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors are being studied in preclinical models for potential use in the clinic.
Download or read book The Neutrophil written by Jon S. Abramson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third book in the group devoted to the "natural" immune system, this volume provides the ideal detailed, up-to-date overview of neutrophil function. Distilling new information alongside observations of the past, the book focuses on some of the most critical developments in currentneutrophil research. Specific examples of diseases resulting from neutrophil dysfunction and deficiency are brought to life by clinical case studies. An essential source of current research into this exciting field, this volume will be invaluable for advanced students and researchers in immunology,cell biology, and medicine.
