Download or read book The Maintenance and Propagation of African Easterly Waves Across Northern Africa A Case Study and Analysis of the Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research focuses on the formation and maintenance of an African Easterly Wave (AEW) that developed over Northern Africa in 2000. Specifically, the pre-development period of Hurricane Alberto that initially formed over the Ethiopian Highlands (EH) region is studied in conjunction with this AEW disturbance. Based on EUMETSAT infrared (IR) satellite imagery and ECMWF 0.5o observational model (EOM) analysis data, we identified four convective genesis periods (G-I, G-II, G-III, and G-IV) and three lysis periods (L-I, L-II, and L-III). Based on the EOM analysis of the pre-Alberto system, we found that moisture and vertical velocity played a major role in the generation and maintenance of the convective cycles associated with the pre-Alberto system as it traveled westward across Northern Africa. Initially, orographic effects induce vertical velocity and moisture, and as the Alberto system travels westward these parameters are governed more by environmental factors. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Regional Climate Model Version 3.0 (henceforth RegCM3) was used to run the control case and several sensitivity simulations. We found that the EH is important for focusing and organizing AEW features by producing a consistent stationary wave mode, generating lee side vorticity, and initially providing sufficient vertical moisture flux for convection. PBL effects over the EH cause the initial convection in response to diurnal diabetic heating. As this convection propagates downstream, it merges with the orographically generated MV on the lee of the EH and a MCC results. PBL effects and moisture availability are important for propagating and maintaining AEW disturbances as they travel to the west and supporting sufficient moisture by allowing for surface moisture fluxes to affect these systems and aid in convective development. The AEW is slightly modulated by orography downstream from the EH region. Both the EH region and the PBL effects are essential in th.
Download or read book The Maintenance and Propagation of African Easterly Waves Across Northern Africa written by Katie Ellen Robertson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: wave, MCC, AEW, African Easterly Waves, mesoscale convective complexes.
Download or read book Climatology Study of African Easterly Waves and Mesoscale Convective Systems in Northern Africa 2004 2006 written by Wilson M. Jones (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interaction Between the African Waves and the African Easterly Jet written by Jung-Chieh Hsieh and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African waves are the major synoptic system over North Africa in the summer. Previous studies have reported that African waves could be distinguished into the two different waves (African easterly waves and Burpee waves) on either side of the African easterly jet. Burpee waves (BWs) have been studied by numerous researchers, therefore, they are well known in the literature. In contrast, African easterly waves (AEWs) are not understood very well, due to the lack of data gathered over the desert. Previous studies have reported that vertical structures of the AEW is shallow near the surface on the north side of the jet. However, they do not explain the shallow structure of AEWs. Thus, the first objective of this study was to explore the limited height of AEWs by analyzing NCEP reanalysis data. According to these results, the mid-level high over North Africa plays an important role in limiting the height of AEWs. In addition, vorticity budget and streamfunction budget analysis indicate the vortex stretching term is the major dynamic process for vertical development and limitation of AEWs at the low and mid levels. Previous studies have mentioned the African jet is also weakened by African waves, but they did not explain the real-time interaction between them. Therefore, the second objective of this study was to explore the interaction between the jet and the wave. The results of Fourier analysis indicate the relationship between the perturbation and the jet depends on the relative positions between them. Vorticity budget analysis also indicates that zonal vorticity advection is an important term for perturbation on the south side of the jet to develop rotation to increase the jet. In contrast, the planetary vorticity advection is the key dynamic process enabling AEWs to develop on the north side of the jet, causing it to weaken.
Download or read book African Climate and Climate Change written by Charles J. R. Williams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-11 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compared to many other regions of the world, Africa is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change and variability. Widespread poverty, an extensive disease burden and pockets of political instability across the continent has resulted in a low resilience and limited adaptative capacity of African society to climate related shocks and stresses. To compound this vulnerability, there remains large knowledge gaps on African climate, manifestations of future climate change and variability for the region and the associated problems of climate change impacts. Research on the subject of African climate change requires an interdisciplinary approach linking studies of environmental, political and socio-economic spheres. In this book we use different case studies on climate change and variability in Africa to illustrate different approaches to the study of climate change in Africa from across the spectrum of physical, social and political sciences. In doing so we attempt to highlight a toolbox of methodologies (along with their limitations and advantages) that may be used to further the understanding of the impacts of climate change in Africa and thus help form the basis for strategies to negate the negative implications of climate change on society.
Download or read book The Ecology Of Survival written by Douglas H Johnson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with evaluating the antiquity of the domestication changes in northern Africa, considering the nature of the environments in which they arose, their social implications and the influence of climatic change on their later progress.
Download or read book Forests Water and People in the Humid Tropics written by M. Bonell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-12-17 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics is a comprehensive review of the hydrological and physiological functioning of tropical rain forests, the environmental impacts of their disturbance and conversion to other land uses, and optimum strategies for managing them. The book brings together leading specialists in such diverse fields as tropical anthropology and human geography, environmental economics, climatology and meteorology, hydrology, geomorphology, plant and aquatic ecology, forestry and conservation agronomy. The editors have supplemented the individual contributions with invaluable overviews of the main sections and provide key pointers for future research. Specialists will find authenticated detail in chapters written by experts on a whole range of people-water-land use issues, managers and practitioners will learn more about the implications of ongoing and planned forest conversion, while scientists and students will appreciate a unique review of the literature.
Download or read book The North African Environment At Risk written by Will D Swearingen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deforestation, soil erosion, desertification, air and water pollution, loss of wildlife habitat, and declining biodiversity are interrelated manifestations of a growing environmental crisis in North Africa that has received relatively little attention from government policymakers and is poorly understood by North African peoples, the international development community, and scholars. In this book a multidisciplinary group of scholars explores the broad range of human activities causing the deterioration of North Africa’s fragile environment, including population pressure and poverty, rapid urbanization, intense competition for land and water, and mismanagement of natural resources. The contributors examine in particular the conflict between economic development and environmental sustainability. They analyze the historical roots of current environmental problems, the underlying socioeconomic causes, potential solutions, and differences in environmental policies among various countries. This is an insightful portrait of a developing region attempting to reconcile traditional methods of land use with growing demands for resources, the exigencies of economic development, and the limitations of its natural resource base.
Download or read book Climate Change in Africa written by Camilla Toulmin and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2009-10-15 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is a major challenge for us all, but for African countries it represents a particular threat. This book outlines current thinking and evidence and the impact such change will have on Africa's development prospects. Global warming above the level of two degrees Celsius would be enormously damaging for poorer parts of the world, leading to crises with crops, livestock, water supplies and coastal areas. Within Africa, it's likely to be the continent's poorest people who are hit hardest. In this accessible and authoritative introduction to an often-overlooked aspect of the environment, Camilla Toulmin uses case studies to look at issues ranging from natural disasters to biofuels, and from conflict to the oil industry. Finally, the book addresses what future there might be for Africa in a carbon-constrained world.
Download or read book Managing a Changing Climate in Africa written by Pius Z. Yanda and published by African Books Collective. This book was released on 2011 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is sufficient evidence to support the fact that climate change is occurring and that this is set to accelerate. While some scholars argue that climate change is largely due to natural changes, others postulate that anthropogenic factors are the major cause. Climate change associated with increasing levels of carbon dioxide is likely to affect developed and developing countries differentially, with major vulnerabilities occurring in low-latitude regions. This book presents research findings and case studies with the endeavour to inform policies geared towards addressing problems emanating from these changes. Climate variability raises concerns over the future of agriculture, conditions of land and water availability. Therefore, climate change amplifies many economic and social risks, as well as deterioration of the environment. At the same time, non-climatic risk factors such as economic instability, trade liberalization, conflicts and poor governance all inflict upon vulnerable communities. Key discussions in this title rest on: Climate Change in Africa: its impact on rural communities, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, financial requirements of reducing green house gases, technological transfer and natural resources; Case Studies of Vulnerability to Climate Change and Variability in Eastern and Southern Africa: experiences of impacts and adaptation to extreme events, concrete experiences from farmers and crop production adaptation; and Challenges and Opportunities to Climate Change Adaptation: factors that influence choice of response strategies, challenges and opportunities for ecosystem-based approaches; and challenges and opportunities from the use of bio-fuels as a mitigation measure to climate change.
Download or read book Africa in a Changing Global Environment written by Mutanga, Shingirirai Savious and published by Africa Institute of South Africa. This book was released on 2013-10-20 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Africa is one continent severely affected by the ravaging effects of global environment change yet it is least responsible for this. The continent's rural and urban poor are particularly vulnerable to reduced agricultural production, worsening food security, increased incidence of both flooding and drought, spreading of disease and heightening risk of conflict over scarce land and water resources. As such this timely book consisting of chapters authored by scholars from multidisciplinary backgrounds provides the reader a variety of contexts from which to understand the impacts of global environmental change and how affected African communities are adapting an mitigating the scourge. In addition it discusses different models for mitigation and adaptation applicable to local contexts.
Download or read book Simulation of African Easterly Waves in the Community Climate System Model CCSM written by Evan M. Blaisdell and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pastoralism and Climate Change in East Africa written by Yanda, Pius Zebhe and published by Mkuki na Nyota Publishers. This book was released on 2018-08-03 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pastoralism and Climate Change in East Africa provides systematic and robust empirical investigations on the impact of climate change on pastoral production systems, as well as participating in the ongoing debate over the efficacy of traditional pastoralism. This book is an initial product of the Project Building Knowledge to Support Climate Change Adaptation for Pastoralist Communities in East Africa implemented by the Centre for Climate Change Studies of the University of Dar es Salaam with support from the Open Society Initiative for Eastern Africa. Traditional pastoralism has proved to be a resilient and unique system of adaptations in a dynamic process of unpredictable climatic variability and continuous human interactions with the natural environment in dryland ecosystems. Pastoral adaptations and climate-induced innovative coping mechanisms have strategically been embedded in the indigenous social structures and resource management value systems. Pastoral livelihoods have, nevertheless, become increasingly vulnerable to climate change impacts as a result of prolonged marginalization and harmful external interventions. The negative effect of global climate change has been an added dimension to the already prevailing crisis in the pastoral livelihood system, which is substantially driven by non-climatic factors of internal and external pressures of change such as population growth, bad governance and shrinking rangelands lost to competing activities.
Download or read book Monthly Weather Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of African Easterly Waves and Associated Convection Using a Non hydrostatic Limited area Model written by Susanne Bachner and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Infrastructure in African History written by Emmanuel Kreike and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Infrastructure in African History offers a new approach for analyzing and narrating environmental change. Environmental change conventionally is understood as occurring in a linear fashion, moving from a state of more nature to a state of less nature and more culture. In this model, non-Western and pre-modern societies live off natural resources, whereas more modern societies rely on artifact, or nature that is transformed and domesticated through science and technology into culture. In contrast, Emmanuel Kreike argues that both non-Western and pre-modern societies inhabit a dynamic middle ground between nature and culture. He asserts that humans - in collaboration with plants, animals, and other animate and inanimate forces - create environmental infrastructure that constantly is remade and re-imagined in the face of ongoing processes of change.
Download or read book Climate Variability and Change in Africa written by Jonathan I. Matondo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive overview of climate variability and change in Africa, and includes impact assessments and case studies from integration frameworks, with a particular focus on climate, agriculture and water resources. Richly illustrated, the book highlights case studies from western, eastern and southern African region, and explores related development policies. Climate change adaptation research, prediction, and reanalysis are also addressed
