Download or read book The LD50 median Lethal Dose and LC50 median Lethal Concentration Toxicity Tests written by Michael D. Kreger and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The LD50 median Lethal Dose and LC50 median Lethal Concentration Toxicity Tests January 1980 August 1990 written by Karen J. Clingerman and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The LD50 median Lethal Dose and LC50 median Lethal Concentration Toxicity Tests written by Michael D. Kreger and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The LD50 median Lethal Dose and LC50 median Lethal Concentration Toxicity Tests January 1980 August 1990 written by Karen J. Clingerman and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The LD50 median Lethal Dose Toxicity Test 1980 1988 written by Karen J. Clingerman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acute Toxicity Testing written by Alan M. Goldberg and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alternative Approaches in Median Lethality LD50 and Acute Toxicity Testing written by Linval R. DePass and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The LD50 test was introduced by Trevan in 1927 (1) for biological standardization of dangerous drugs. Since then, the LD50 has gained wide acceptance as a measure of acute toxicity of all types of substances. Recently, however, the LD50 test has been criticized as an unnecessary waste of resources. Therefore, efforts have been made to reduce the number of animals used in such tests and to avoid using this test unless required by regulations. A review of the literature has shown that a relatively small number of animals per dose level (5) and a small number of dose levels (2 or 3) are usually sufficient to calculate an LD50 and slope using moving average methods. In addition, one sex should suffice because large sex differences are seldom encountered. When a formal LD50 is not required, one of several approximate methods may be used to estimate the lethal dose. Further approaches include in vitro cytotoxicity methods and computer-based structure-activity models. The in vitro methods are still in a nearly stage of development and will require extensive validation before they are accepted by the toxicology community. In conclusion, when LD50 tests are required, the most economical approach should be used, without undue concern for statistical precision.
Download or read book Special Reference Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Short Term Dietary Toxicity Test on Small Mammals written by N. Cook and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires that the results of certain toxicity tests on wildlife and aquatic organisms be submitted to the agency for evaluation before a new pesticide can be federally registered. The results of these toxicity tests are used to address the potential acute hazards of a pesticide's use to wildlife and aquatic organisms. At the present time an acceptable short-term feeding method for small mammals is not available. The EPA has been using the results of data submitted to support human safety requirements [primarily the rat single-dose oral median lethal dosage (LD50) data] to assess the hazards of pesticide residues in and on food to mammalian wildlife. We believe that these data may not properly represent the toxicity of a pesticide residue to mammalian wildlife. The objectives of the present study were three-fold: (1) to develop an acceptable short-term dietary LC50 test for small mammals, (2) to evaluate the test method by testing a number of chemical pesticides, and (3) to determine the relationship between the rat LD50 and median lethal concentration (LC50) values. The proposed 5-day LC50 test uses laboratory rats (Wistar strain) and is similar to a published avian dietary LC50 study. It consists of a 5-day acclimation period, a 5-day exposure to treated food, and a posttreatment observation period lasting for at least 9 days. The initial studies involved the exposure of five male and five female rat groups to each of five concentrations of treated food and one untreated group for control. The mortality, body weights, and food consumption were recorded. The mortality data were used to calculate LC50 values, which are presented for 17 pesticides. The experimentally determined LC50 values for rats were compared with derived ones calculated from published rat LD50 values. The derived values were not toxicologically equivalent to the LC50 values determined from our tests. Data are presented that indicate to us that rat LC50 values are a better measure of the toxicity of pesticide residues to mammalian wildlife than are rat LD50 values. Incorrect decisions on acute hazards of pesticide residues can result from the use of rat LC50 values calculated from rat LD50 values.
Download or read book The Contribution of Acute Toxicity Testing to the Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals written by Dietrich Schuppan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Symposium. IFPMA Symposium, Geneva 30-31 October 1984
Download or read book Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests with Fish Macroinvertebrates and Amphibians written by Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Montréal : Renouf]. This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates written by W. Waynon Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-03-18 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the eighth volume in the series Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals, and reviews AEGLs for acrolein, carbon monoxide, 1,2-dichloroethene, ethylenimine, fluorine, hydrazine, peracetic acid, propylenimine, and sulfur dioxide for scientific accuracy, completeness, and consistency with the NRC guideline reports.
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 403 Acute Inhalation Toxicity written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009-09-08 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from short-term exposure to a test article (gas, vapour or aerosol/particulate test article) by inhalation. The revised Test Guideline describes two studies: a traditional LC50 ...
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Nitrophenols written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
