Download or read book The Destruction of Knossos written by H. E. L. Mellersh and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Late Minoan I Destruction of Crete written by Hara Georgiou and published by . This book was released on 1979-06-01 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Late Minoan I Destruction of Crete written by Hara Georgiou and published by Institute of Archaeology University of California Lo S. This book was released on 1979 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding Collapse written by Guy D. Middleton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this lively survey, Guy D. Middleton critically examines our ideas about collapse - how we explain it and how we have constructed potentially misleading myths around collapses - showing how and why collapse of societies was a much more complex phenomenon than is often admitted.
Download or read book The Troubled Island written by Jan Driessen and published by Peeters. This book was released on 1997 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our thesis is that the archaeological evidence suggests a severe economic dislocation during the Late Minoan IB ceramic period in Crete. This appears to have been triggered, first by a tectonic earthquake and shortly afterwards by the eruption of Thera early in the Late Bronze Age (Late Minoan IA) after which the situation gradually worsened, accompanied by a general feeling of uncertainty caused by the eruption and its effects. The tectonic earthquake led to abandonments at some sites or an effort to rebuild in attempt to re-establish normal economic and social life. The result of these two natural disasters gave local centers greater independence from the traditional "Palaces". This fragmentation of Minoan Crete brought about the end of the most highly developed economic system in the Aegean although it was somewhat resurrected in the following "Mycenaean" period. The natural events which proved to be the catalysts for change, presaged the end of the traditional ruling elites which appeared to have lost their assumed divine support. They tried in vain to maintain their special status, but with major problems in food production and distribution, the existing system disintegrated resulting in a process of decentralisation with an increase in the regional exploitation of land chiefly for local consumption; numerous lesser elites may well have prospered in this environment. However, as in the Hellenistic period, the fragmentation of Crete into many small centres may have led to internal Cretan conflict and a massive wave of fire destructions in Late Minoan IB, indicating a state of anarchy by the end of the period. That Mycenaeans from Mainland Greece arrived on the island at some stage during the Late Bronze Age is clear, although precisely when they arrived is a matter of fierce debate. The "crisis years" of LM IB-II, in the fifteenth century B.C., appear the most likely and opportune. During the succeeding "Mycenaean" period, only the Palace at Knossos seems to have functioned as a major centre. During LM II-III, there was a gradual but general decrease in the sophistication of architecture and arts. The LM II period may perhaps be regarded as the final phase of decline which began in LM IB, with some major centres suffering destructions once again. By Late Minoan II, a new Knossian elite or dynasty appears to have taken control and installed a modified socio-political and economic system. The dynasty relied heavily on administration and bureaucraty to maintain its position. The Santorini eruption is here given the role of a precipitant or catalyst, which began an entire series of changes which eventually resulted in the absorption of Minoan Crete into the Mycenaean, and ultimately, the Greek world.
Download or read book The Destruction of the Palace at Knossos written by Mervyn R. Popham and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Minoans written by Sinclair Hood and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Minoan civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that arose on the island of Crete and flourished from approximately the 27th century BCE to the 15th century BCE. It was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century through the work of British archaeologist Arthur Evans."--Wikipedia.
Download or read book An Early Destruction in the Mycenaean Palace at Knossos written by Jan Driessen and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Minoan World written by Arthur Cotterell and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an outline of what is known about the Minoans and a guide to the surviving sites and treasures of today.
Download or read book The Late Minoan III Period in Crete written by A. Kanta and published by Paul Astroms Forlag. This book was released on 1980 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Minoans written by Rodney Castleden and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-01-04 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly researched, Rodney Castleden's Minoans: Life in Bronze Age Crete here sues the results of recent research to produce a comprehensive new vision of the peoples of Minoan Crete. Since Sir Arthur Evans rediscovered the Minoans in the early 1900s, we have defined a series of cultural traits that make the ‘Minoan personality’: elegant, graceful and sophisticated, these nature lovers lived in harmony with their neighbours, while their fleets ruled the seas around Crete. This, at least, is the popular view of the Minoans. But how far does the later work of archaeologists in Crete support this view? Drawing on his experience of being actively involved in research on landscapes processes and prehistory for the last twenty years, Castleden writes clearly and accessibly to provide a text essential to the study of this fascinating subject.
Download or read book How Long is a Century written by Collectif and published by Presses universitaires de Louvain. This book was released on 2021-06-03 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering approximately the century between 1300 and 1200 BC, the Late Minoan IIIB phase remains a blurred episode of Minoan civilisation. Archaeological data present a contradictory picture: on the one hand, they suggest a time of prosperity. with favourable conditions of subsistence and growth; on the other hand, there are signs of trouble illustrated by a series of abandonments of century-old occupied settlements. Did these processes take place simultaneously, in succession or were they punctual? Can we make sense of the various hale Minoan IIIB developments from a chronological perspective? How can a region-by region analysis inform us about the various island communities and their histories during the 13th century BC? The international workshop which the present volume reflects took place at the UCLouvainin Belgium on the 24th and 25th of October 2013. It specifically addressed these questions and focused on the gradual transformation of Cretan society throughout the 13th century BC by concentrating on a single aspect of its material culture: the pottery. It was our infention to bring together a number of ceramic experts in charge of the study of Late Minoan IIIB pottery deposits in a selection of Cretan sites. We wanted them to discuss, confront and contextualise their respective assemblages. The gathering was successful in many ways and not in the least because not only we managed to progress on a variety of thorny issues but it was also a real treat to assist in the thrilling exchanges between the inspiring personalities who compose the ’family’ of Minoan (and Mycenaean) pottery specialists.
Download or read book Atlantis Destroyed written by Rodney Castleden and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-01-04 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plato's legend of Atlantis has become notorious among scholars as the absurdest lie in literature. Atlantis Destroyed explores the possibility that the account given by Plato is historically true. Rodney Castleden first considers the location of Atlantis re-examining two suggestions put forward in the early twentieth century; Minoan Crete and Minoan Thera. He outlines the latest research findings on Knossos and Bronze Age Thera, discussing the material culture, trade empire and agricultural system, writing and wall paintings, art, religion and society of the Minoan civilization. Castleden demonstrates the many parallels between Plato's narrative and the Minoan Civilization in the Aegean. Fired by the imagination a new vision of Atlantis has arisen over the last one hundred and fifty years as a lost utopia. Rodney Castleden discusses why this picture arose and xplains how it has become confused with Plato's genuine account.
Download or read book The Phaistos Disc written by Charles River Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-14 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading The pre-modern world, especially the ancient world, is full of many mysteries, riddles, and enigmas that have perplexed scholars and lay people alike for centuries. One does not have to search long to find some of these mysteries. Ancient Egypt is often thought of as one of the most arcane of all civilizations with many aspects of its culture that are only now coming to light. For instance, the hieroglyphic script was not deciphered until the 19th century and to date scholars are still unsure about the details concerning how the pyramids were built or how mummies were made since there are no extant ancient "guidebooks" of either. In the New World, the sudden decline of the Mayan culture has captured the imagination of many for generations as the Maya left no records detailing their downfall. Likewise, the oldest European culture to reach the status of "civilization" - the Minoans - remains a mystery to the modern world in many ways. Nearly 2,500 years after the Golden Age of Athens, people across the world today continue to be fascinated by the Ancient Greeks, but the Greeks looked up to the Minoans. In Homer's Odyssey, Odysseus makes note of "a great town there, Cnossus, where Minos reigned." It was perhaps the earliest reference to the Minoan civilization, a mysterious ancient civilization that historians and archaeologists still puzzle over, but a civilization that renowned historian Will Durant described as "the first link in the European chain." Nearly 2,000 years before Homer wrote his epic poems, the Minoan civilization was centered on the island of Crete, a location that required the Minoans to be a regional sea power. And indeed they were, stretching across the Aegean Sea from about 2700-1500 BCE, with trade routes extending all the way to Egypt. Archeologists have found evidence that many of the Cretan cities suffered severe damage and were ravaged by fire at the same time Minoan trade diminished. Although some of the cities were reoccupied and partially rebuilt, the Minoan civilization never fully recovered. There is evidence that the Myceneans from the mainland began to occupy the cities of Crete and became the dominant traders in the Eastern Mediterranean. Throughout the late 19th century and much of the 20th century, some scholars believed the Minoans were unable to maintain their dominance over the bellicose Myceneans, while others speculated the growth of the Minoan population could not be supported by the agricultural production of Crete. However, recent archaeological finds have led to a consensus among scholars that the Minoan civilization was destroyed by a natural cataclysm. The Minoans may have been the first link in the "European chain," leading to the Ancient Greeks and beyond, but questions persist over the origins of the civilization, the end of the civilization, and substantial parts of their history, including their religion and buildings. All of this is largely because their written language, known today as "Linear A," remains undeciphered, and among the more enigmatic finds of this truly enigmatic culture was a small disk-shaped object excavated among the ruins of the Minoan city of Phaistos in 1908. The disc, which has since become known simply as the "Phaistos Disc," contains a number of pictographic symbols that were unrecognized by the scholars who first laid eyes on the object and remain unknown in the more than 100 years since. The contents of the Phaistos Disc, like the Minoan language of Linear A, remain unclear, but that is not for lack of trying by a plethora of scholars, some more credible than others. Many different theories have been advanced, but there is still no consensus concerning its origins, or even if it was intended to be writing.
Download or read book Minoan Glyptic written by Konstantinos Galanakis and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 2005 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study considers the massive importance of glyptic in Aegean culture, often undermined by more 'convenient' evidence - such as architecture, frescoes, figurines and gold jewellery.
Download or read book Collapse and Transformation written by Guy D. Middleton and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The years c. 1250 to 1150 BC in Greece and the Aegean are often characterised as a time of crisis and collapse. A critical period in the long history of the region and its people and culture, they witnessed the end of the Mycenaean kingdoms, with their palaces and Linear B records, and, through the Postpalatial period, the transition into the Early Iron Age. But, on closer examination, it has become increasingly clear that the period as a whole, across the region, defies simple characterisation – there was success and splendour, resilience and continuity, and novelty and innovation, actively driven by the people of these lands through this transformative century. The story of the Aegean at this time has frequently been incorporated into narratives focused on the wider eastern Mediterranean, and most infamously the ‘Sea Peoples’ of the Egyptian texts. In twenty-five chapters written by 25 specialists, Collapse and Transformation instead offers a tight focus on the Aegean itself, providing an up-to date picture of the archaeology ‘before’ and ‘after’ ‘the collapse’ of c. 1200 BC. It will be essential reading for students and scholars of the Aegean and eastern Mediterranean regions, as well as providing data and a range of interpretations to those studying collapse and resilience more widely and engaging in comparative studies. Introductory chapters discuss notions of collapse, and provide overviews of the Minoan and Mycenaean collapses. These are followed by twelve chapters, which review the evidence from the major regions of the Aegean, including the Argolid, Messenia, and Boeotia, Crete, and the Aegean islands. Six chapters then address key themes: the economy, funerary practices, the Mycenaean pottery of the mainland and the wider Aegean and eastern Mediterranean region, religion, and the extent to which later Greek myth can be drawn upon as evidence or taken to reflect any historical reality. The final four chapters provide a wider context for the Aegean story, surveying the eastern Mediterranean, including Cyprus and the Levant, and the themes of subsistence and warfare.
Download or read book Time s Up written by David Warburton and published by Aarhus University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers by natural scientists, archaeologists, egyptologists and classicists discussing the newest evidence of the Santorini eruption. The papers fall into two sections. I: Evidence, geology, archaeology & chronology; II: Debate: typology, chronology, methodology. Contributors include: Walter L. Friedrich & Jan Heinemeier, Philip P. Betancourt, Max Bichler, Thomas M. Brogan, Peter M. Fischer, Karen Polinger Foster, Hermann Hunger, Felix Hoflmayer, Rolf Krauss, Bernd Kromer, Alexander R. McBirney, Floyd W. McCoy, J. Alexander MacGillivray, Sturt W. Manning, Robert Merrillees, Raimund Muscheler, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Nikolaos Sigalas, Chrysa Sofianou, Jeffrey S. Soles, Georg Steinhauser, Johannes H. Sterba, Annette Hen Sensen, Peter Warren, Malcolm H. Wiener.
