Download or read book The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.
Download or read book The Labour Supply of Low skilled written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: En sammenlignende undersøgelse af hvordan arbejdsløshedsforsikringerne for lavtuddannet arbejdskraft siden 1990 har ændret sig i de nordiske lande i takt med ændrede arbejdsmarkeder
Download or read book The Labour Supply of Low skilled Incentives in the Unemployment Insurance Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The labour supply of low-skilled - incentives in the unemployment insurance systems. A comparative description based on Nordic countriesIn this report we describe and discuss the changing character of unemployment insurance (UI) systems in the Nordic countries in relation to the changing labour market situation of low skilled adults, from around 1990 and onwards. The focus is on how different characteristics of the national UI systems - and particularly the changes in these systems - may have affected the labour market position of low skilled by affecting their work incentives. This report has two main purposes: First, to construct a descriptive empirical basis for a discussion regarding the relationship between the design of the unemployment benefit system and the labour market performance of low-skilled compared to higher-skilled workers. The second purpose is to lay the foundation for a more systematic econometric analysis regarding the influence of the unemployment insurance systems on the labour market performance of low skilled - compared to high skilled workers in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland
Download or read book The Low Skill Bad Job Trap written by Mr.Alun H. Thomas and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-07-01 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper explains how a country can fall into a “low-skill, bad-job trap,” in which workers acquire insufficient training and firms provide insufficient skilled vacancies. In particular, the paper argues that in countries where a large proportion of the workforce is unskilled, firms have little incentive to provide good jobs (requiring high skills and providing high wages), and if few good jobs are available, workers have little incentive to acquire skills. In this context, the paper examines the need and effectiveness of training policy, and provides a possible explanation for why western countries have responded so differently to the broad-based shift in labor demand from unskilled to skilled labor.
Download or read book Technology and the Decline in Demand for Unskilled Labour written by Mark Sanders and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The position of low skilled workers in the labor market has deteriorated significantly over the past three decades. What has caused this deterioration in low skilled labor demand and what can explain the different labor market responses throughout the OECD? Mark Sanders addresses these questions and evaluates proposed policies to improve upon the present situation and prevent further deterioration in the future. The author develops a theoretical framework that produces two hypotheses to explain the shift in relative demand as well as the different ways in which this shift has manifested itself. The framework is then extended by introducing unemployment, and additional hypotheses are proposed to explain the main EU-US differences. The dynamics thus uncovered yield somewhat unorthodox policy implications on income-, labor market and technology policies in Europe and the US. This comprehensive book will appeal to both scholars and academics, while graduate and PhD-students looking for an accessible introduction to modeling the dynamics of technical change and its interactions with the labor market will find it of great interest.
Download or read book The Working Life written by Nan L. Maxwell and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2006 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uses recent data from the San Francisco's Bay Area Longitudinal Survey (BALS) to evaluate characteristics of recruiting and screening methods, skill requirements in entry-level jobs, and promotional opportunities concerning jobs available to workers with little formal education or work experience. Finds that low-skilled jobs do require skills in English, mathematics, problem-solving and communication, often relatively high physical and mechanical abilities, and that firms carry increased wages and offer promotional opportunities. Provides details about the skill assessment and job duties.
Download or read book Building America s Skilled Technical Workforce written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-06-04 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skilled technical occupationsâ€"defined as occupations that require a high level of knowledge in a technical domain but do not require a bachelor's degree for entryâ€"are a key component of the U.S. economy. In response to globalization and advances in science and technology, American firms are demanding workers with greater proficiency in literacy and numeracy, as well as strong interpersonal, technical, and problem-solving skills. However, employer surveys and industry and government reports have raised concerns that the nation may not have an adequate supply of skilled technical workers to achieve its competitiveness and economic growth objectives. In response to the broader need for policy information and advice, Building America's Skilled Technical Workforce examines the coverage, effectiveness, flexibility, and coordination of the policies and various programs that prepare Americans for skilled technical jobs. This report provides action-oriented recommendations for improving the American system of technical education, training, and certification.
Download or read book The Labor Supply for Lower level Occupations written by Harold Wool and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1976 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph on the labour supply for menial occupations in the USA - reviews past and makes projections concerning future sources of labour force for lower-level jobs, analyses the relationship between labour supply and wages in such unskilled worker jobs, and presents case studies of unskilled jobs. Bibliography pp. 372 to 382, diagram, references and statistical tables.
Download or read book The Overeducated Worker written by L. Borghans and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists and social scientists consider the two views of people working at jobs that do not require as much educations they have. One faction contends that the practice wastes skills and worsens the labor market position of less educated workers. The other faction emphasizes the importance of knowledge as a means of increasing international competitiveness. Among the topics are whether the Finnish labor market has bumped the least educated, over-education and crowding out low-skilled workers, an empirical test of the effect of bumping down on wages, whether more high-skilled workers occupy simple jobs during bad times, and job competition in the Dutch labor market. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Impact of Low Skilled Immigration on the Youth Labor Market written by Christopher L. Smith and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. The employment-to-population rate of high-school aged youth has fallen by about 20 percentage points since the late 1980s. Growth in the number of less-educated immigrants reduced youth employment rates. Previous research had identified a modest negative relationship between immigration levels and adult labor market outcomes. Two factors are at work: there is greater overlap between the jobs that youth and less-educated adult immigrants do, and youth labor supply is more responsive to immigration-induced changes in their wage. Reduced employ. rates are not associated with higher earnings 10 years later in life. There is a possibility that an immigration-induced reduction in youth employment hinders youths' human capital accumulation.
Download or read book Generating Jobs written by Richard B. Freeman and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1998-02-26 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American economy is in danger of leaving its low-skilled workers behind. In the last two decades, the wages and employment levels of the least educated and experienced workers have fallen disastrously. Where willing workers once found ready employment at reasonable wages, our computerized, service-oriented economy demands workers who can read and write, master technology, deal with customers, and much else. Improved education and training will alleviate this problem in the long run, but educating the new workforce will take a substantial national investment over many years. In the meantime, we face increasingly acute questions about how to include low-skill workers in today's economy. Generating Jobs takes a hard look at these questions, and asks whether anything can be done to improve the lot of low-skilled workers by intervening in the labor market on their behalf. These micro demand-side policies seek to improve wages and employment levels—either by lowering the costs of hiring low-skilled workers through employer subsidies, or by raising wage levels, benefit levels, or hours of employment, or by providing employment via government jobs. Although these policies are not currently popular in the U.S., they have long been used in many countries. Generating Jobs provides a clear-eyed assessment of this history, and asks if any of these policies might be applicable to the current problems of low-skilled workers in the United States. The results are surprising. Several recently touted panaceas turn out to be costly and ineffective in the American labor market. Enterprise zones, for instance, are an expensive way of moving jobs into areas of high unemployment, costing as much as $60,000 per job. Similarly, job-sharing, which has had uneven success in Europe, turns out to be ill-suited to conditions in the U.S., where wages are relatively low and workers need to work long hours to maintain income. On the other hand, a number of older, less flashy policies turn out to have real, if modest, benefits. Wage subsidies have increased employment among qualifying workers, and public employment policies can increase the number of workers from targeted groups working during the program. While acknowledging that many solutions are counterproductive, this definitive review of active labor market policies shows that many programs can offer real help. More than any rhetoric, Generating Jobs is the best guide to future action and a serious response to those who claim that nothing can be done.
Download or read book The Once and Future Worker written by Oren Cass and published by Encounter Books. This book was released on 2018-11-13 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “[Cass’s] core principle—a culture of respect for work of all kinds—can help close the gap dividing the two Americas....” – William A. Galston, The Brookings Institution The American worker is in crisis. Wages have stagnated for more than a generation. Reliance on welfare programs has surged. Life expectancy is falling as substance abuse and obesity rates climb. These woes are not the inevitable result of irresistible global and technological forces. They are the direct consequence of a decades-long economic consensus that prioritized increasing consumption—regardless of the costs to American workers, their families, and their communities. Donald Trump’s rise to the presidency focused attention on the depth of the nation’s challenges, yet while everyone agrees something must change, the Left’s insistence on still more government spending and the Right’s faith in still more economic growth are recipes for repeating the mistakes of the past. In this groundbreaking re-evaluation of American society, economics, and public policy, Oren Cass challenges our basic assumptions about what prosperity means and where it comes from to reveal how we lost our way. The good news is that we can still turn things around—if the nation’s proverbial elites are willing to put the American worker’s interests first. Which is more important, pristine air quality, or well-paying jobs that support families? Unfettered access to the cheapest labor in the world, or renewed investment in the employment of Americans? Smoothing the path through college for the best students, or ensuring that every student acquires the skills to succeed in the modern economy? Cutting taxes, expanding the safety net, or adding money to low-wage paychecks? The renewal of work in America demands new answers to these questions. If we reinforce their vital role, workers supporting strong families and communities can provide the foundation for a thriving, self-sufficient society that offers opportunity to all.
Download or read book Human Capital in History written by Leah Platt Boustan and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-11-05 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume honours the contributions Claudia Goldin has made to scholarship and teaching in economic history and labour economics. The chapters address some closely integrated issues: the role of human capital in the long-term development of the American economy, trends in fertility and marriage, and women's participation in economic change.
Download or read book Immigration and the Labour Market written by Will Somerville and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Labor Economics written by Orley Ashenfelter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-11-18 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the continually evolving field of labour economics.
Download or read book Do More High Skilled Workers Occupy Simple Jobs During Bad Times written by Pieter A. Gautier and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Working Life written by Nan L. Maxwell and published by W E Upjohn Inst for. This book was released on 2006 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
