Download or read book The Kurgan Culture and the Indo Europeanization of Europe written by Marija Gimbutas and published by Study of Man. This book was released on 1997 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the Origins of North Indo-EuropeansThe Indo-Europeans ? Archaeological ProblemsThe Relative Chronology of Neolithic and Chalcolithic Cultures in Eastern Europe North of the Balkan Peninsula and the Black SeaProto-Indo-European Culture ? The Kurgan Culture During the Fifth, Fourth, and Third Millenium B.C.Old Europe c. 7000-3500 B.C. ? The Earliest European Civilization Before the Infiltration of the Indo-European PeoplesThe Beginnings of the Bronze Age of Europe and the Indo-Europeans 3500-2500 B.C.An Archeaologists View of *PIE in 1975The First Wave of Eurasian Steppe Pastoralists into Copper Age EuropeThe Three Waves of the Kurgan People into Old Europe, 4500-2500 B.C.The Kurgan Wave #2 (c.3400-3200 B.C.) into Europe and the Following Transformation of CulturePrimary and Secondary Homeland of the Indo-Europeans, Comments on Gamkrelidze-Ivanov ArticlesRemarks on the Ethnogenesis of the Indo-Europeans in EuropeAccounting for a Great ChangeReview of Archaeology and Language by C. RenfrewThe Collision of Two IdeologiesThe Fall and Transformation of Old Europe.
Download or read book Indo European and Indo Europeans written by George Cardona and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2016-11-11 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty-two internationally known linguists, anthropologists, and archaeologists discuss such questions as the original home of the Indo-Europeans, their migration, religiomythic beliefs, and legal customs in the most comprehensive treatment of Indo-European culture in recent times.
Download or read book Militarism and the Indo Europeanizing of Europe written by Robert Drews and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-05-12 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contends that Indo-European languages came to Greece, central Europe, southern Scandinavia and northern Italy no earlier than ca. 1600 BC, brought by the first military men whom Europeans had seen. That the Greek, Keltic, Italic and Germanic sub-groups of Indo-European originated in the middle of the second millennium BC is a controversial idea. Most Indo-Europeanists date the origin a thousand years earlier, and some archaeologists would place it before 5000 BC, as agriculture spread through Europe. Here Robert Drews argues that the Indo-European languages came into Europe via military conquests, and that militarism – a man’s pride in his weapons and in his status as a warrior - began with the employment of horse-drawn chariots in battle.
Download or read book Bronze Age cultures in Central and Eastern Europe written by Marija Gimbutas and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-08-25 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PROTO INDO EUROPEAN TREES written by PAUL FRIEDRICH and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Uniqueness of Western Civilization written by Ricardo Duchesne and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2011-02-07 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After challenging the multicultural effort to “provincialize” the history of Western civilization, this book argues that the roots of the West’s exceptional creativity should be traced back to the uniquely aristocratic warlike culture of Indo-European speakers.
Download or read book DNA Genealogy written by Anatole A. Klyosov and published by Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA. This book was released on 2018-12-29 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA genealogy is a new field of science which considers patterns of mutations, which are different in different human lineages, in the DNA of present-day humans and of our ancient ancestors. Since the DNA is often preserved in ancient excavated bones, including those in archaeological burials, and can be recovered and studied, this approach allows us to compare the mutation patterns in the course of centuries and millennia. This in turn provides us with a knowledge of how often the mutations occur, that they are gradually changed over centuries and millennia, and, hence, calibrate the rate of mutations in various sites of the DNA in terms of time. In other words, it gives us a “molecular tool” aiming at establishing chronology of events along the ancient history of the humankind. Since the DNA is a molecule, DNA genealogy is also called the “Molecular History”. This is a subject of this book. The book begins with an explanation of what is a nature of mutations in the DNA, why the mutations are random, how to measure their rates, in terms of how many mutations occur in the DNA over centuries and millennia, therefore, to calculate their mutation rate constants. This first part of the book provides the reader with many examples of how DNA genealogy employs the mutation rates to uncover hidden puzzles of ancient human history, such as when Homo sapiens first appeared, who were ancient Europeans, Asians, Africans, Americans compared with their present-day descendants in terms of their DNA lineages, and introduces a rather simple calculator which everyone can run on their personal computer devices, iPhones, etc. to conduct such calculations of ancient chronology. Subsequent chapters of the book consider such controversial issues as whether early people came “out of Africa” or “into Africa” (both hypotheses have their supporters among scientists), who were the ancient Aryans and why their language obtained – much later – a name “Indo-European”, where was a homeland of a majority of nowadays Europeans and Native Americans (a hint – South Siberia), who were ancient Jews and Arabs and when their actual common ancestor lived, what DNA was revealed from a few Khazar burials, why look-alike ancient ceramics, made many thousand years ago, was found both in Europe and Asia, how ancient and contemporary languages are connected with the DNA of people, both ancient and contemporary. The book is targeted for multidisciplinary scientists as well as students and advanced general readership.
Download or read book The Mystery of the Danube Civilisation written by Harald Haarmann and published by marixverlag. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades, archaeologists and cultural scientists have come to a better understanding of the extent of Neolithic civilisation on the Balkan peninsula. This Danube Civilisation, thriving between the 6th and 4th millennia BCE, was using a writing system long before the Mesopotamians and is remarkable for its accomplishments in craftsmanship, art and urban development. In this book, Harald Haarmann provides the first comprehensive insight into this enigmatic Old European culture, which is still largely unknown to the greater public. He describes the trade routes, settlements, mythology and writing system of this people, traces the changes resulting from the arrival of the Indo-Europeans, and shows how this first advanced civilisation in Europe influenced its successors.
Download or read book Indo European Language and Culture written by Benjamin W. Fortson, IV and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-07 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and expanded edition provides a comprehensive overview of comparative Indo-European linguistics and the branches of the Indo-European language family, covering both linguistic and cultural material. Now offering even greater coverage than the first edition, it is the definitive introduction to the field. Updated, corrected, and expanded edition, containing new illustrations of selected texts and inscriptions, and text samples with translations and etymological commentary Extensively covers individual histories of both ancient and modern languages of the Indo-European family Provides an overview of Proto-Indo-European culture, society, and language Designed for use in courses, with exercises and suggestions for further reading included in each chapter Includes maps, a glossary, a bibliography, and comprehensive word and subject indexes
Download or read book The Living Goddesses written by Marija Gimbutas and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2001-01-12 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents evidence to support the author's woman-centered interpretation of prehistoric civilizations, considering the prehistoric goddesses, gods and religion, and discussing the living goddesses--deities which have continued to be venerated through the modern era.
Download or read book A grammar of modern Indo European written by Carlos Quiles and published by Indo-European Association. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Grammar of Modern Indo-European is a complete reference guide to a living Indo-European language. It contains a comprehensive description of Proto-Indo-European grammar, and offers an analysis of the complexities of the prehistoric language and its reconstruction from its descendant languages. Written in a fresh and accessible style, and illustrated with maps, figures and tables, this book focusses on the real patterns of use of Late Indo-European. The book is well organised and is filled with full, clear explanations of areas of confusion and difficulty. It also contains an extensive English - Indo-European, Indo-European - English vocabulary, as well as detailed etymological notes, designed to provide readers with an easy access to the information they require.An essential reference source for the student of Indo-European as a learned and living language, this work will appeal to students of languages, classics, and the ancient world, as well as to general readers interested in the history of language, and in speaking the direct ancestor of the world's largest language family.
Download or read book In the Shadow of the Kurgan A Compendium of the Indigenous People of Europe written by A.N.F.Simoes and published by OLYSSIPO. This book was released on 2024-10-18 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the heart of Europe, long before the ascendance of Rome or the flowering of Athens, a different tale unfolded, a story written not in the ink of scribes but etched in the very stones and soil of the land. This is the chronicle of pre-Indo-European Europe, a realm of shadowy figures and forgotten tongues, where the ancestors of the Basques, the Iberians, the Etruscans, and countless others held sway. Our journey begins in the depths of the Paleolithic, where hunter-gatherers roamed the primeval forests and adorned cave walls with breathtaking artistry. We witness the rise of the megalith builders, those enigmatic architects of Stonehenge, Carnac, and Malta, whose colossal creations still inspire awe and wonder. We encounter the Minoans of Crete, their vibrant civilization flourishing amidst the azure waters of the Aegean, their palaces echoing with the whispers of a language yet undeciphered. As the Bronze Age dawns, we see the first encounters between the indigenous peoples and the Indo-European newcomers, their interactions shaping the linguistic and cultural landscape of Europe. The Iberians of the Iberian Peninsula, the Tartessians of the southwestern coast, and the Nuragic civilization of Sardinia each leave their mark, their legacies enduring despite the relentless advance of Indo-European languages and cultures. The Iron Age brings new challenges, as the Celts sweep across Europe, their iron swords and chariots transforming the art of warfare. Yet, the pre-Indo-European peoples do not simply vanish. The Lusitanians of Iberia, led by the legendary Viriathus, fiercely resist Roman expansion, while the Ligurians of the northern Mediterranean coast defend their rugged terrain with tenacity. In the heart of Italy, the Etruscans rise to prominence, their sophisticated civilization influencing the nascent Roman culture. And in the far north, the Picts of Scotland, their bodies adorned with enigmatic tattoos, defy the advances of both Romans and Anglo-Saxons. But the inexorable tide of Indo-European expansion gradually reshapes the continent. Languages fade, customs evolve, and cultures merge, leaving behind a complex tapestry woven from both continuity and change. Yet, the echoes of pre-Indo-European Europe endure, whispering through the ages in place names, loanwords, genetic markers, and the enduring presence of the Basque language, a solitary sentinel of a lost world.
Download or read book The Coming of the Greeks written by Robert Drews and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When did the Indo-Europeans enter the lands that they occupied during historical times? And, more specifically, when did the Greeks come to Greece? Robert Drews brings together the evidence--historical, linguistic, and archaeological--to tackle these important questions.
Download or read book Greater Anatolia and the Indo Hittite Language Family written by Robert Drews and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robert Drews: Introduction and Acknowledgments, Opening Remarks; E.J.W. Barber: The Clues in the Clothes¿Some Independent Evidence for the Movement of Families; Paul Zimansky: Archaeological Inquiries into Ethno-Linguistic Diversity in Urartu; Peter Ian Kuniholm: Dendrochronological Perspectives on Greater Anatolia and the Indo-Hittite Language Family; Discussion Session, Saturday Morning; Colin Renfrew: The Anatolian Origins of Proto-Indo-European and the Autochthony of the Hittites; Jeremy Rutter: Critical Response to the First Four Papers; Discussion Session, Saturday Afternoon; Margalis Finklelberg: The Language of Linear A¿Greek, Semitic, or Anatolian?; Alexander Lehrmann: Reconstructing Indo-Hittite; Vyacheslav V. Ivanov: Southern Anatolian and Northern Anatolian as Separate Indo-European Dialects and Anatolian as a Late Linguistic Zone; Bill J. Darden: On the Question of the Anatolian Origin of Indo-Hittite; Craig Melchert: Critical Response to the Last Four Papers; Discussion Session¿Saturday Morning; Robert Drews: Greater Anatolia, Proto-Anatolian, Proto-Indo-Hittite, and Beyond; Geoffrey D. Summers: Appendix¿Questions Raised by the Identification of Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Horse Bones in Anatolia. Index.
Download or read book Militarism and the Indo Europeanizing of Europe written by Robert Drews and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-12 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe essentially began shortly before 1600 BC, when lands rich in natural resources were taken over by military forces from the Eurasian steppe and from southern Caucasia. First were the copper and silver mines (along with good harbors) in Greece, and the copper and gold mines of the Carpathian basin. By ca. 1500 BC other military men had taken over the amber coasts of Scandinavia and the metalworking district of the southern Alps. These military takeovers offer the most likely explanations for the origins of the Greek, Keltic, Germanic and Italic subgroups of the Indo-European language family. Battlefield warfare and militarism, Robert Drews contends, were novelties ca. 1600 BC and were a consequence of the military employment of chariots. Current opinion is that militarism and battlefield warfare are as old as formal states, going back before 3000 BC. Another current opinion is that the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe happened long before 1600 BC. The "Kurgan theory" of Marija Gimbutas and David Anthony dates it from late in the fifth to early in the third millennium BC and explains it as the result of horse-riding conquerors or raiders coming to Europe from the steppe. Colin Renfrew’s Archaeology and Language dates the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe to the seventh and sixth millennia BC, and explains it as a consequence of the spread of agriculture in a "wave of advance" from Anatolia through Europe. Pairing linguistic with archaeological evidence Drews concludes that in Greece and Italy, at least, no Indo-European language could have arrived before the second millennium BC.
Download or read book The Rigveda written by Shrikant G. Talageri and published by Aditya Prakashan, Publishers & Booksellers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the present volume,the author has confirmed emphatically that India was also the original homeland not only of the Indo-Aryans but also of the Indo-Iranians and the Indo-Europeans.
Download or read book The Oxford Introduction to Proto Indo European and the Proto Indo European World written by J. P. Mallory and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006-08-24 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors introduce Proto-Indo-European describing its construction and revealing the people who spoke it between 5,500 and 8,000 years ago. Using archaeological evidence and natural history they reconstruct the lives, passions, culture, society and mythology of the Proto-Indo-Europeans.
