Download or read book The Indirect Effect of Direct Legislation written by Frederick J. Boehmke and published by Ohio State University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To demonstrate this, the author models the incentives that the initiative process creates for interests to organize and for how they communicate their preferences to policy makers. Interests that represent a broader range of the public are found to gain the most from the option to propose initiatives, implying that the set of organized interests in initiative states should reflect this advantage. Ironically, an effect of direct legislation is to potentially increase the effectiveness of special interest lobbying in state legislatures - in a sense, the opposite of the direct control that gives direct legislation its theoretical appeal. Yet, the clear effect is one of empowering voices that traditionally had very little effect in the legislative process.
Download or read book Direct Legislation written by David B. Magleby and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EU Law Direct and Indirect Effect written by Carolina Gerwin and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-07 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2019 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 71, University College London, language: English, abstract: This essay argues that while the concept of indirect effect of EU Law is important for safeguarding individual's rights due to its several beneficial characteristics, recent case law indicates that the principle of horizontal direct effect becomes more important. The essay starts by focusing on the direct effect of primary EU law, particularly Treaty Articles, before discussing the principle regarding secondary sources, especially directives. After that, strategies developed by the CJEU to neutralise the impact of the rule that directives do not have horizontal direct effect are debated, leading to the conclusion that indirect effect becomes less important.
Download or read book Citizens as Legislators written by Shaun Bowler and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early in the twentieth century, many American states began experimenting with direct democracy. Direct democracy-primarily the initiative device-allows groups to place directly before voters laws affecting taxation, spending, term limits, school choice, gay rights, immigration, and numerous other state issues. Ballot initiatives were expected to allow citizens the option of getting around legislators, who were seen as beholden to wealthy interests; early defenders of the process argued it would make state politics more responsive to the public will, and more responsible. Citizens as Legislators examines direct democracy in America at the end of the twentieth century to see if it has lived up to these expectations. The twelve contributors to this volume use the American experience with direct democracy to investigate some fundamental questions of politics: Can modern democracy have direct citizen participation in legislation? What are the consequences of more (or less) direct citizen access to government? The authors look at the context of the initiative campaigns and detail the rise of the modern initiative campaign industry. They examine how campaigns affect voters and how voters deal with the array of decisions they face in direct democracy states. They go on to explain why certain policy outcomes are different in direct democracy states. Shaun Bowler is a professor of political science at the University of California, Riverside. Todd Donovan is a professor of Political Science at Western Washington University. He and Shaun Bowler are coauthors of Demanding Choices: Opinion, Voting, and Direct Democracy. Caroline J. Tolbert is an assistant professor of political science at Kent State University.
Download or read book Direct Democracy written by Thomas E. Cronin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans have grown increasingly restive when dissatisfied with legislation or elected officials between elections. As a result, public interest in and use of the devices created to give voters a greater direct voice in our democracy, referendum, recall, and initiative, have proliferated in recent years. Cronin has thoroughly examined the development of recall petitions, local initiatives, and referenda and interviewed those involved in the recent growth of the direct democracy movement. He finds that there are difficulties with direct democracy devices, yet he concludes that these procedures have been a lasting, and generally a positive, part of the American political landscape. - p. [vii.].
Download or read book EU Law written by Paul Craig (Law) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 1456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on its unrivalled reputation as the definitive EU law textbook, this seventh edition continues to provide clear and insightful analysis of all aspects of European Union law. Drawing on their wealth of experience, Paul Craig and Gráinne de Búrca succeed in bringing together a unique mix of illuminating commentary and well-chosen extracts from a wide range of cases, legislation, and academic publications. Chapters have been carefully structured and designed to enhance student learning at all levels, laying the foundations of the subject while building analysis of more complex areas and cutting-edge debates. The seventh edition has been comprehensively updated to reflect the extensive legal developments that have taken place since publication of the sixth edition, and a new chapter on current challenges facing the EU has been added.
Download or read book Laws of the European Union Direct Effect Indirect Effect and State Liability written by Ogochukwu C. Nweke and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-01-28 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2020 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, , language: English, abstract: This document discusses how the Court of Justice of the European Union has over the years adopted and used the Direct effect, Indirect effect and State liability principles to make the EU Laws more effective, both in terms of interpretation and application, especially with regards to EU Directives. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) whose composition and functions were enunciated in Section 5 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) 2008, was established in 1952, with the aim of interpreting the Laws of the European Union, making sure that the application of these laws are uniform and consistent in all EU countries. The CJEU also “settles legal disputes between national governments and EU institutions.” The CJEU is divided into two courts. It gives rulings on cases brought before it and in doing so, it is required to give preliminary rulings in its capacity to interpret the laws (among other capacities) "to ensure EU law is properly applied, but courts in different countries might interpret it differently. If a national court is in doubt about the interpretation or validity of an EU law, it can ask the Court for clarification. The same mechanism can be used to determine whether a national law or practice is compatible with EU law."
Download or read book Democratic Innovations written by Graham Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-02 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can we design institutions that increase and deepen citizen participation in the political decision making process? At a time when there is growing disillusionment with the institutions of advanced industrial democracies, there is also increasing interest in new ways of involving citizens in the political decisions that affect their lives. This book draws together evidence from a variety of democratic innovations from around the world, including participatory budgeting in Brazil, Citizens' Assemblies on Electoral Reform in Canada, direct legislation in California and Switzerland and emerging experiments in e-democracy. The book offers a rare systematic analysis of this diverse range of democratic innovations, drawing lessons for the future development of both democratic theory and practice.
Download or read book Party Ballots Reform and the Transformation of America s Electoral System written by Erik J. Engstrom and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-27 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates that nineteenth-century electoral politics were the product of institutions that prescribed how votes were cast and were converted into political offices.
Download or read book The Principle of Legal Certainty in EC Law written by J. Raitio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intertwinement of EC law and national law may create unforeseeability in situations where EC law invades the national cases. This study contributes to the contemporary discussion, which wrestles with questions such as: What have been the visions and objectives for European integration in the last decades? How to describe European Union as a political entity and a legal system? What is the relationship between legal certainty, rule of law, various general principles and human rights?
Download or read book European Union Law written by Damian Chalmers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-24 with total page 1209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eagerly awaited new edition has been significantly revised after extensive user feedback to meet current teaching requirements. The first major textbook to be published since the rejuvenation of the Lisbon Treaty, it retains the best elements of the first edition – the engaging, easily understandable writing style, extracts from a variety of sources showing the creation, interpretation and application of the law and comprehensive coverage. In addition it has separate chapters on EU law in national courts, governance and external relations reflecting the new directions in which the field is moving. The examination of the free movement of goods and competition law has been restructured. Chapter introductions clearly set out what will be covered in each section allowing students to approach complex material with confidence and detailed further reading sections encourage further study. Put simply, it is required reading for all serious students of EU law.
Download or read book The Brussels Effect written by Anu Bradford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-27 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many observers, the European Union is mired in a deep crisis. Between sluggish growth; political turmoil following a decade of austerity politics; Brexit; and the rise of Asian influence, the EU is seen as a declining power on the world stage. Columbia Law professor Anu Bradford argues the opposite in her important new book The Brussels Effect: the EU remains an influential superpower that shapes the world in its image. By promulgating regulations that shape the international business environment, elevating standards worldwide, and leading to a notable Europeanization of many important aspects of global commerce, the EU has managed to shape policy in areas such as data privacy, consumer health and safety, environmental protection, antitrust, and online hate speech. And in contrast to how superpowers wield their global influence, the Brussels Effect - a phrase first coined by Bradford in 2012- absolves the EU from playing a direct role in imposing standards, as market forces alone are often sufficient as multinational companies voluntarily extend the EU rule to govern their global operations. The Brussels Effect shows how the EU has acquired such power, why multinational companies use EU standards as global standards, and why the EU's role as the world's regulator is likely to outlive its gradual economic decline, extending the EU's influence long into the future.
Download or read book Globalisation Transport and the Environment written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-12 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks in detail at how globalisation has affected activity levels in maritime shipping, aviation, and road and rail freight, and assesses the impact that changes in activity levels have had on the environment.
Download or read book International Law in Domestic Courts written by André Nollkaemper and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford ILDC online database, an online collection of domestic court decisions which apply international law, has been providing scholars with insights for many years. This ILDC Casebook is the perfect companion, introducing key court decisions with brief introductory and connecting texts. An ideal text for practitioners, judged, government officials, as well as for students on international law courses, the ILDC Casebook explains the theories and doctrines underlying the use by domestic courts of international law, and illustrates the key importance of domestic courts in the development of international law.
Download or read book Enforcement of European Union Environmental Law written by Martin Hedemann-Robinson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-03-12 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a detailed legal account of the various legal arrangements at EU level this book is an ideal reference tool for practitioners and legal scholars. As well as examining the principle sources of EU environmental law enforcement, it also contributes to the legal and political debates that surround the subject. Spanning three parts, the author examines and assesses the practical impact of the legal arrangements at EU level that are used for the purpose of upholding EU environmental norms. Providing a comprehensive account of the current state of EU environmental law enforcement and developments affecting it, Enforcing European Union Environmental Law focuses on the principal sources of EU environmental law enforcement, examining: the role of the European Commission the possibilities for private law enforcement the responsibilities of Member State national authorities. An essential read for those studying, researching and working in the areas of environmental and European Union law.
Download or read book Learning Legal Rules written by James Holland and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together the theory, structure, and practice of legal reasoning in an accessible style, this book explains how to uncover and exploit the mysteries of legal materials. It draws the student into the techniques of legal analysis and argument and the operation of precedent and statutory interpretation.
Download or read book Understanding European Union Law 2 e written by Karen Davies and published by Cavendish Publishing. This book was released on 2003-10-06 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: European Union law is now a core subject for both the Bar Council and the Law Society,and it is vital that all law students equip themselves with a sound understanding of the EU legal system. This book looks at the main themes of EU law in a logical, progressive manner, giving the reader an understanding of EU law, concentrating on how, and especially why, the law has developed as it has. In addition, a number of issues presently facing the EU are also considered, such as enlargement and the prospect of a comprehensive written constitution. Understanding European Union Law is both an introduction for students new to EU law and an essential addition to revision for the more accomplished, including important tips on how to approach examination questions. It is also essential reading for students on business studies courses.
