Download or read book The Effect of Literacy on Immigrant Earnings written by Ana Ferrer and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use a special Canadian dataset containing both literacy test scores and standard labour market variables to examine the impact of literacy on immigrant earnings. Having a literacy measure allows us to examine issues related to discrimination and the sources of lower returns to foreign acquired education and experience among immigrants. We find that the native-born literacy distribution (assessed in English or French) dominates that for immigrants. However, immigrantsand the native born appear to obtain the same return to their literacy skills. We argue that this does not support a discrimination explanation for immigrant-native born earnings differentials. Immigrant shortfalls in literacy can account for about one-half of the earnings gap between university educated immigrants and similarly educated native-born workers. However, low returns to foreign acquired experience have a larger impact on the differential and those low returns are not related to literacy differences. Thus, low literacy among immigrants is an important input to understanding immigrant-native born earnings differentials but is not the dominant explanation.
Download or read book Indigenous People and Poverty in Latin America written by George Psacharopoulos and published by Ashgate Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indigenous people constitute a large portion of Latin America's population and suffer from severe and widespread poverty. They are more likely than any other groups of a country's population to be poor. This study documents their socioeconomic situation and shows how it can be improved through changes in policy-influenced variables such as education. The authors review the literature of indigenous people around the world and provide a statistical overview of those in Latin America. Case studies profile the indigenous populations in Bolivia, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru, examining their distribution, education, income, labour force participation and differences in gender roles. A final chapter presents recommendations for conducting future research.
Download or read book Pay Gaps Across the Equality Strands written by Hilary Metcalf and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Interrogating Race and Racism written by Vijay Agnew and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agnew delves into the public and private spheres of several distinct communities in order to expose the underlying inequalities within Canada's economic, social, legal, and political systems that frequently result in the denial of basic rights to migrant women.
Download or read book Colour Coded written by Constance Backhouse and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 1999-11-20 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically Canadians have considered themselves to be more or less free of racial prejudice. Although this conception has been challenged in recent years, it has not been completely dispelled. In Colour-Coded, Constance Backhouse illustrates the tenacious hold that white supremacy had on our legal system in the first half of this century, and underscores the damaging legacy of inequality that continues today. Backhouse presents detailed narratives of six court cases, each giving evidence of blatant racism created and enforced through law. The cases focus on Aboriginal, Inuit, Chinese-Canadian, and African-Canadian individuals, taking us from the criminal prosecution of traditional Aboriginal dance to the trial of members of the 'Ku Klux Klan of Kanada.' From thousands of possibilities, Backhouse has selected studies that constitute central moments in the legal history of race in Canada. Her selection also considers a wide range of legal forums, including administrative rulings by municipal councils, criminal trials before police magistrates, and criminal and civil cases heard by the highest courts in the provinces and by the Supreme Court of Canada. The extensive and detailed documentation presented here leaves no doubt that the Canadian legal system played a dominant role in creating and preserving racial discrimination. A central message of this book is that racism is deeply embedded in Canadian history despite Canada's reputation as a raceless society. Winner of the Joseph Brant Award, presented by the Ontario Historical Society
Download or read book Immigrants and the Labour Force written by Ravi Pendakur and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2000 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines changes in Canada's immigration policies and regulations since 1945, the impact these changes have on immigrant intake, and the roles post-war immigrants and their children have played in Canada's labour force.
Download or read book Report of the Minimum Wage Study Commission Commission findings and recommendations written by United States. Minimum Wage Study Commission and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report of a Commission on social implications, economic implications and political aspects of the minimum wage and overtime requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act, labour legislation, USA, 1938 - presents research results and recommendations commenting on the impact on employment and unemployment, inflation, minimum wage indexation, income distribution, exemptions, noncompliance, etc. And research papers giving demographic aspects, national level, local level, regional level and sectoral details. Graphs, references and statistical tables.,
Download or read book Belonging written by Keith G. Banting and published by Institute for Research on Public Policy. This book was released on 2007 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diversity is one of Canada's defining characteristics. Yet here, as in other Western democracies, diversity policies are being called into question by developments such as the growing salience of identity, race and religion. Do minorities really feel they belong to the country? Is discrimination still a reality? Is social cohesion being strained? In this volume, leading scholars from Canada, Europe and the United States explore two broad policy agendas: first, the multicultural agenda, which focuses on recognizing cultural differences, helping minorities express their distinct identities and practices, and building more inclusive conceptions of citizenship; and second, the integration agenda, which seeks to bring minorities into the mainstream, strengthen the sense of mutual support and solidarity, and reinforce the bonds of a common community. The authors of these 15 chapters and 8 commentaries examine these questions from a range of perspectives, with a focus on ethnocultural minorities and indigenous peoples. In their concluding chapter, the editors discuss priorities that emerge from the analysis and relate them to the objectives of strengthening belonging and shared citizenship. Book jacket.
Download or read book Pay Equity a New Approach to a Fundamental Right written by Canada. Pay Equity Task Force and published by Canadian Government Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the report of a task force whose basic objective was to conduct a comprehensive review of the current equal pay provisions of the Canadian Human Rights Act, section 11, as well as the Equal Wages Guidelines of 1986. Work of the task force included consultations, public hearings, roundtables, private meetings, research, and a symposium to provide information about the wide range of issues relevant to a review of pay equity legislation. The first four chapters review wage inequalities in Canada & within designated groups in the labour market, the Canadian legislative response to wage inequality, the current pay equity model and its limitations, and proactive models & legislation in the public sectors of various provinces. Chapter 5 outlines a model that the task force recommends to replace the current legislation. Subsequent chapters address issues which arise in connection with this proposed model, including the scope of application, the elements of a pay equity plan, employee participation, predominance of certain groups in job classes, evaluating gender-predominant job classes, estimating & correcting wage gaps, allowable exemptions, maintenance of pay equity, enforcement, timelines & transition to new legislation, pay equity and collective bargaining, and the role of oversight agencies. Recommendations made throughout the report are also listed at the end. Appendices include excerpts from relevant legislation.
Download or read book Analyzing Oppression written by Ann E. Cudd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzing Oppression presents a new, integrated theory of social oppression, which tackles the fundamental question that no theory of oppression has satisfactorily answered: if there is no natural hierarchy among humans, why are some cases of oppression so persistent? Cudd argues that the explanation lies in the coercive co-opting of the oppressed to join in their own oppression. This answer sets the stage for analysis throughout the book, as it explores the questions of how and why the oppressed join in their oppression. Cudd argues that oppression is an institutionally structured harm perpetrated on social groups by other groups using direct and indirect material, economic, and psychological force. Among the most important and insidious of the indirect forces is an economic force that operates through oppressed persons' own rational choices. This force constitutes the central feature of analysis, and the book argues that this force is especially insidious because it conceals the fact of oppression from the oppressed and from others who would be sympathetic to their plight. The oppressed come to believe that they suffer personal failings and this belief appears to absolve society from responsibility. While on Cudd's view oppression is grounded in material exploitation and physical deprivation, it cannot be long sustained without corresponding psychological forces. Cudd examines the direct and indirect psychological forces that generate and sustain oppression. She discusses strategies that groups have used to resist oppression and argues that all persons have a moral responsibility to resist in some way. In the concluding chapter Cudd proposes a concept of freedom that would be possible for humans in a world that is actively opposing oppression, arguing that freedom for each individual is only possible when we achieve freedom for all others.
Download or read book White Fragility written by Dr. Robin DiAngelo and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times best-selling book exploring the counterproductive reactions white people have when their assumptions about race are challenged, and how these reactions maintain racial inequality. In this “vital, necessary, and beautiful book” (Michael Eric Dyson), antiracist educator Robin DiAngelo deftly illuminates the phenomenon of white fragility and “allows us to understand racism as a practice not restricted to ‘bad people’ (Claudia Rankine). Referring to the defensive moves that white people make when challenged racially, white fragility is characterized by emotions such as anger, fear, and guilt, and by behaviors including argumentation and silence. These behaviors, in turn, function to reinstate white racial equilibrium and prevent any meaningful cross-racial dialogue. In this in-depth exploration, DiAngelo examines how white fragility develops, how it protects racial inequality, and what we can do to engage more constructively.
Download or read book Labour Economics written by Stephen W. Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-03-20 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the six years since the appearance of the first edition of Stephen Smith's book, labour economics has become a more firmly entrenched subject on the curriculum. Previously regarded as a subsection within industrial economics, there are now very few universities that do not devote a course to it in its own right. The focus of topics covered withi
Download or read book Canadian Immigration and South Asian Immigrants written by Abdur Rahim and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Asian immigrants have made a significant contribution to the Canadian mosaic. However, their trials and tribulations and their successes and failures constitute a story that remains untold. To know of their arrivals, their struggles to beat the odds, as well as their successes, is to read a story of hard work, of tireless effort to make it of the commitment to belong, and of ultimate success. This process not only re-shaped them from who they were to who they are now, but also re-shaped Canada that we know today. Their influence can be felt in the arts and sciences, the humanities and in politics, community works and in social services. This book is an attempt to understand the what and how of that unfolding process, and also to know the real concerns about the conditions of Canadas ethnic minority population, South Asian Canadians and their children in particular.
Download or read book The Indian Journal of Labour Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Equity Diversity Canadian Labour written by Gerald Hunt and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2007-10-06 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the Canadian labour movement has undergone fundamental change in response to demands for greater inclusion and representation by women, visible and sexual minorities, and people with disabilities. Equity, Diversity, and Canadian Labour explores the specific challenges put to outmoded attitudes and practices, charting the efforts made by organized labour in Canada towards addressing discrimination in the workplace and within unions themselves. While there has been a fair amount of progress in this regard, persistent impediments to equity and uneven responsiveness within and across diversity issues remain. This collection of original essays brings together contributors from a variety of academic backgrounds - women's studies, political science, sociology, industrial relations - and from the labour movement itself to examine union policies, practices, and cultures with respect to diversity issues. The first comprehensive analysis of Canadian labour's response to challenges on gender, race, disability, and sexual orientation issues since the 1980s, the book aims to highlight the structural and cultural developments that have taken place within the labour movement around equality rights, and to provide a forum for debates about the extent to which union democracy has been reshaped as a result of equity activism.
Download or read book The Rats Had Never Left written by Abdusamaad (Sam) Karani and published by FriesenPress. This book was released on with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systemic racism underlies post-colonial societies, due in part to the undeniable legacy of historical racism. The conquering colonist (often mistakenly referred to as the “settler-colonist”) dominated the colonized, especially their minds. Overcoming destructive colonialism and systemic racism requires the decolonization of the mind—the mutually embedded mindsets of the conqueror and the colonized. Eliminating this legacy requires that we know who we are and admit to and rectify past mistakes. The Rats Had Never Left draws on the lived experiences of Abdusamaad (Sam) Karani in Apartheid South Africa, including his personal advocacy for mental health and psychology in society, and the cost he paid in the process. Having lived abroad in London, UK, and now Canada, Karani shares his experiences with the destructive legacy of systemic racism. Liberal democracies need to overcome the legacy of systemic racism. So how do we move forward? How do we keep ourselves from being stuck in the destructiveness of the blame game? Enhancing tolerance is the way forward. The racialized must not be reluctant to take the initiative. Society’s institutions—police, the justice system, etc.—need to self-reflect for long-term change, keeping in mind that power has traditionally never been shared, as a natural process, with society’s disadvantaged.
