Download or read book The Impacts of Slum Policies on Households Welfare written by Paula Restrepo Cadavid and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slum policies play an important role in poverty alleviation efforts at the local scale and at the national scale - as poverty becomes increasingly 'urban' phenomena. However, poverty reduction is rarely positioned as the main objective of slum policies and, when occurring, is an indirect result of their application. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a more complete understanding of how slum policies affect households' welfare. To explore these issues, two slum-upgrading interventions are used as case studies: the Slum Rehabilitation Scheme in Mumbai (India) and Urban Integral Projects in Medellin (Colombia). This research has addressed issues ranging from the causes of post-rehabilitation residential mobility to the impacts of slum rehabilitation on households' access to credit as well as the effects of Urban Renewal Projects on housing consolidation. We used recent evolution in empirical economics methodologies that allow comparing policy beneficiaries to non-beneficiaries. In the case of Mumbai a household's survey was carried out by the author in 9 slum pockets, 4 of which had already been rehabilitated and 5 to-be rehabilitated slums. In the case of Medellin household level information was obtained from three secondary sources (the Quality of Life Survey, the Medellin Solidaria Survey and the SISBEN Survey) that allowed following a set of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries before and after Urban Renewal Projects took place.
Download or read book Location and Welfare in Cities written by Mudit Kapoor and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Implications of Alternate Policies on Welfare of Slum Dwellers written by Somik V. Lall and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Welfare Effects of Slum Improvement Programs written by Akie Takeuchi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To illustrate this point the authors consider a realistic slum upgrading program that could be offered to residents in their sample living in east Mumbai. They summarize the effects of job opportunities and neighborhood composition on welfare by mapping how compensating variation for the program changes depending on where in Mumbai improved housing is located. If program beneficiaries continue working in their original job, the set of welfare-enhancing locations for the upgrading program is small. The set increases greatly if it is assumed that workers can change jobs. The benefits of this program are contrasted with the benefits of in situ housing improvements. "
Download or read book Assessing Benefits of Slum Upgrading Programs in Second best Settings written by Basab Dasgupta and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Slum upgrading programs are being used by national and city governments in many countries to improve the welfare of households living in slum and squatter settlements. These programs typically include a combination of improvements in neighborhood infrastructure, land tenure, and building quality. In this paper, the authors develop a dynamic general equilibrium model to compare the effectiveness of alternative slum upgrading instruments in a second-best setting with distortions in the land and credit markets. They numerically test the model using data from three Brazilian cities and find that the performance of in situ slum upgrading depends on the severity of land and credit market distortions and how complementary policy initiatives are being implemented to correct for these problems. Pre-existing land supply and credit market distortions reduce the benefit-cost ratios across interventions, and change the rank ordering of preferred interventions. In the light of these findings, it appears that partial equilibrium analysis used in typical cost-benefit work overstates the stream of net benefits from upgrading interventions and may in fact propose a misleading sequence of interventions. "--World Bank web site.
Download or read book Slum Health written by Jason Corburn and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban slum dwellers—especially in emerging-economy countries—are often poor, live in squalor, and suffer unnecessarily from disease, disability, premature death, and reduced life expectancy. Yet living in a city can and should be healthy. Slum Health exposes how and why slums can be unhealthy; reveals that not all slums are equal in terms of the hazards and health issues faced by residents; and suggests how slum dwellers, scientists, and social movements can come together to make slum life safer, more just, and healthier. Editors Jason Corburn and Lee Riley argue that valuing both new biologic and “street” science—professional and lay knowledge—is crucial for improving the well-being of the millions of urban poor living in slums.
Download or read book Poverty Policy and Politics in Madras Slums written by Joop W de Wit and published by SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited. This book was released on 1996 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting from the premise that an integral understanding of all dimensions of urban poverty is essential for the formulation of meaningful urban policies, this book - based on a case study of a slum in Madras - provides a critical but balanced account of the process and impact of urban policy and planning. The author paints a vivid portrait of the urban poor covering: the culture, praxis and survival problems of slum dwellers; their difficulties in accessing schools and hospitals; the differential impact of slum policies on men and women; and their coping strategies.
Download or read book Unbreakable written by Stephane Hallegatte and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-11-24 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Economic losses from natural disasters totaled $92 billion in 2015.' Such statements, all too commonplace, assess the severity of disasters by no other measure than the damage inflicted on buildings, infrastructure, and agricultural production. But $1 in losses does not mean the same thing to a rich person that it does to a poor person; the gravity of a $92 billion loss depends on who experiences it. By focusing on aggregate losses—the traditional approach to disaster risk—we restrict our consideration to how disasters affect those wealthy enough to have assets to lose in the first place, and largely ignore the plight of poor people. This report moves beyond asset and production losses and shifts its attention to how natural disasters affect people’s well-being. Disasters are far greater threats to well-being than traditional estimates suggest. This approach provides a more nuanced view of natural disasters than usual reporting, and a perspective that takes fuller account of poor people’s vulnerabilities. Poor people suffer only a fraction of economic losses caused by disasters, but they bear the brunt of their consequences. Understanding the disproportionate vulnerability of poor people also makes the case for setting new intervention priorities to lessen the impact of natural disasters on the world’s poor, such as expanding financial inclusion, disaster risk and health insurance, social protection and adaptive safety nets, contingent finance and reserve funds, and universal access to early warning systems. Efforts to reduce disaster risk and poverty go hand in hand. Because disasters impoverish so many, disaster risk management is inseparable from poverty reduction policy, and vice versa. As climate change magnifies natural hazards, and because protection infrastructure alone cannot eliminate risk, a more resilient population has never been more critical to breaking the cycle of disaster-induced poverty.
Download or read book Measuring the Welfare Effects of Slum Improvement Programs written by Akie Takeuchi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thriving written by Mark Roberts and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2023-05-18 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1970 and 2021, the number of people living in cities increased from 1.19 billion to 4.46 billion, while the Earth’s surface temperature climbed by 1.19 degrees Celsius above its preindustrial levels. Because of the prosperity they helped generate, cities have been a major cause of this climate change. However, it is also in cities that many of the solutions to the climate crisis—in terms of both adaptation and mitigation—will be found, not least because by 2050, almost 70 percent of the world’s population will call cities home. As such, cities are the key to arguably the greatest public policy challenge of our times. To take stock of how green, how resilient, and how inclusive cities globally are today, Thriving: Making Cities Green, Resilient, and Inclusive in a Changing Climate defines a global typology of more than 10,000 cities. It finds that there is wide variation in how green, resilient, and inclusive cities are around the world. It asks how climate change impacts cities and, conversely, how cities affect climate. Vicious cycles in development could occur as cities become more vulnerable to extreme events and the challenges compound and cascade. Finally, this report provides a compass for policy makers on policies that can help cities not only survive but also thrive in the face of the perils of climate change. Policy makers can and must act now to chart a more sustainable trajectory.
Download or read book Shock Waves written by Stephane Hallegatte and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ending poverty and stabilizing climate change will be two unprecedented global achievements and two major steps toward sustainable development. But the two objectives cannot be considered in isolation: they need to be jointly tackled through an integrated strategy. This report brings together those two objectives and explores how they can more easily be achieved if considered together. It examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win†? situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.
Download or read book The Challenge of Slums written by United Nations Human Settlements Programme and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-23 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Challenge of Slums presents the first global assessment of slums, emphasizing their problems and prospects. Using a newly formulated operational definition of slums, it presents estimates of the number of urban slum dwellers and examines the factors at all level, from local to global, that underlie the formation of slums as well as their social, spatial and economic characteristics and dynamics. It goes on to evaluate the principal policy responses to the slum challenge of the last few decades. From this assessment, the immensity of the challenges that slums pose is clear. Almost 1 billion people live in slums, the majority in the developing world where over 40 per cent of the urban population are slum dwellers. The number is growing and will continue to increase unless there is serious and concerted action by municipal authorities, governments, civil society and the international community. This report points the way forward and identifies the most promising approaches to achieving the United Nations Millennium Declaration targets for improving the lives of slum dwellers by scaling up participatory slum upgrading and poverty reduction programmes. The Global Report on Human Settlements is the most authoritative and up-to-date assessment of conditions and trends in the world's cities. Written in clear language and supported by informative graphics, case studies and extensive statistical data, it will be an essential tool and reference for researchers, academics, planners, public authorities and civil society organizations around the world.
Download or read book The Impact of Social Policy written by Victor George and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-02-03 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1984, The Impact of Social Policy analyses and evaluates the effects of social policy on British society in the post-war period. The focus is on the consequences of social policy and the authors differentiate clearly between the objectives of social policy and what it actually achieves. What governments and individuals claim that social policy does, and what happens in practice, are not always one and the same thing. George and Wilding examine the impact of social policy in a coherent and logical way, looking at the social, the economic and the political aspects. They conclude that social services are conducive to economic growth, and that they are an important instrument for enhancing social well-being although they do not reduce socio-economic inequalities to any substantial degree. They also point out that although social services buttress political stability, they have not prevented a political crisis in the welfare state. This book will be of interest to students of sociology, public policy, political science, and economics.
Download or read book Location and Welfare in Cities written by Mudit Kapoor and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informal settlements are an integral part of the urban landscape in developing countries. These settlements are widely distributed within cities, including central business centers and peripheral areas with environment hazards. In most cases, residents of these settlements do not have access to basic public services and amenities. In this paper, the authors examine the impact of interventions, such as upgrading basic services and resettlement policies, on the welfare of residents of these informal settlements, who are typically the urban poor. To examine these interventions, they estimate models of residential location choice and allow households to be sensitive to commuting costs to work, demand for public services, and preferences for community composition. The authors' empirical analysis is based on recently collected survey data from Pune, India, and shows that poor households prefer to live close to work and in communities that consist of people sharing common socio-demographic characteristics. From the perspective of households living in informal settlements, upgrading settlements in the original place is welfare enhancing. If a household must be relocated, it greatly prefers to be moved to a community that resembles its current community.
Download or read book Slums and Social Insecurity written by Alvin Louis Schorr and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing Benefits of Slum Upgrading Programs in Second Best Settings written by Somik V. Lall and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slum upgrading programs are being used by national and city governments in many countries to improve the welfare of households living in slum and squatter settlements. These programs typically include a combination of improvements in neighborhood infrastructure, land tenure, and building quality. In this paper, the authors develop a dynamic general equilibrium model to compare the effectiveness of alternative slum upgrading instruments in a second-best setting with distortions in the land and credit markets. They numerically test the model using data from three Brazilian cities and find that the performance of in situ slum upgrading depends on the severity of land and credit market distortions and how complementary policy initiatives are being implemented to correct for these problems. Pre-existing land supply and credit market distortions reduce the benefit-cost ratios across interventions, and change the rank ordering of preferred interventions. In the light of these findings, it appears that partial equilibrium analysis used in typical cost-benefit work overstates the stream of net benefits from upgrading interventions and may in fact propose a misleading sequence of interventions.
