Download or read book The Impacts of Environmental Changes on Peatland Microbial Community Structure and Function written by Michelle M. Dart and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Northern peatlands store approximately 30% of the world's soil carbon, and are also responsible for contemporary fluxes of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), making them important players in the global carbon (C) cycle. These greenhouse gas emissions are mediated by peat-dwelling microbes; however, the environmental factors governing the structures and functions of peat microbial communities are still poorly understood. In order to better understand these dynamics, I examined the effects of two forms of environmental change on peatland microbial communities. Firstly, to gain fundamental knowledge of the drivers of microbial community shift due to natural peatland succession, I examined the effects of long-term peat transplantation from a rich fen to a late-successional poor fen. This allowed me to evaluate the relative effects of solid phase chemistry and substrate (largely determined by the parent material/vegetation) versus aqueous chemistry (influenced more by groundwater or precipitation sources), on peat microbial communities. My results suggest that solid phase chemistry, particularly total nitrogen (TN) and C:N, may be important in determining the makeup of peatland bacterial communities. Secondly, I examined the effects of soil warming simulating projected climate change in a poor and an intermediate fen on peat microbial respiration and CH4 production as the preliminary stage of a multi-year, large-scale field experiment. Soil warming did not lead to any effects on CO2 production or CH4 flux during peat incubation.
Download or read book Microbial Community Composition and Activities Across Northern Peatlands written by Michael David Preston and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Change Impacts on Soil Microbial Community Structure and Function in Temperate Forests written by Katy Jane Faulkner and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Restoration and Reclamation of Boreal Ecosystems written by Dale Vitt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the conceptual backbone and specific information necessary for the ecologically sound restoration and sustainable development of boreal ecosystems.
Download or read book Peatland Microbial Community Structure and Function Along a Metal Contamination Gradient in Sudbury Ontario written by Shanay Williams-Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sudbury, Ontario region has had over a century of metal mining/smelter activity that has led to significant sulphur and metal deposition and this has negatively affected both freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, including peatlands. Peatlands store organic materials, regulate nutrient turnover and act as a carbon sink for global climate change, yet relatively little is known in regards to the impact of the mining legacy of this region and the potential microbial communities affected. Eleven peatland sites (poor to intermediate fens) around Sudbury were chosen in order to study the microbial diversity and function that control decomposition and nutrient cycling. The analysis of microbial communities was accomplished via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in bacteria and archaea on the Illumina MiSeq platform, while the analysis of microbial function was conducted through the Sinsabaugh enzyme protocol and gas chromatography of in situ greenhouse gases. There was a difference across the site gradient with microbial diversity, community structure, and microbially mediated gas efflux differing between areas closest to current and historical smelters to areas 55-km away. There was also a difference within each peatland where vertical profiles in microbial enzyme function varied over four depths, with the surface depth having the highest enzyme activity. Metal impact and pH are major drivers of microbial diversity and community with pH driving metal availability. This is seen where the sites with the lowest pH having the lowest microbial diversity and unique communities, and sites with the highest pH having the highest microbial diversity and distinct communities. We can also deduce that microbial function differs over depth because of the difference between the aerobic and the anaerobic communities, where the aerobic communities appear to be more active. We can reason that methane efflux was higher in impacted sites because of the increased concentrations of Nickel, Copper, pH and possibly Sulphur creating restrains on microbially mediated gas effluxes through the inhibition of methane production.
Download or read book Microbes for Climate Resilient Agriculture written by Prem Lal Kashyap and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, edited volume pulling together research on manipulation of the crop microbiome for climate resilient agriculture Microbes for Climate Resilient Agriculture provides a unique collection of data and a holistic view of the subject with quantitative assessment of how agricultural systems will be transformed in coming decades using hidden treasure of microbes. Authored by leaders in the field and edited to ensure conciseness and clarity, it covers a broad range of agriculturally important crops, discusses the impact of climate change on crops, and examines biotechnologically and environmentally relevant microbes. The book encapsulates the understanding of microbial mediated stress management at field level, and will serve as a springboard for novel research findings and new applications in the field. Chapter coverage includes: the role of the phytomicrobiome in maintaining biofuel crop production in a changing climate; the impact of agriculture on soil microbial community composition and diversity in southeast Asia; climate change impact on plant diseases; microalgae; photosynthetic microorganisms and bioenergy prospects; amelioration of abiotic stresses in plants through multi-faceted beneficial microorganisms; role of methylotrophic bacteria in climate change mitigation; conservation agriculture for climate change resilience; archaeal community structure; mycorrhiza-helping plants to navigate environmental stresses; endophytic microorganisms; bacillus thuringiensis; and microbial nanotechnology for climate resilient agriculture. Clear and succinct chapters contributed and edited by leaders in the field Covers microbes' beneficial and detrimental roles in the microbiome, as well as the functions they perform under stress Discusses the crop microbiome, nutrient cycling microbes, endophytes, mycorrhizae, and various pests and diseases, and their roles in sustainable farming Places research in larger context of climate change's effect on global agriculture Microbes for Climate Resilient Agriculture is an important text for scientists and researchers studying microbiology, biotechnology, environmental biology, agronomy, plant physiology, and plant protection.
Download or read book Cold adapted Microorganisms written by Isao Yumoto and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold-adapted microorganisms play a major role in nutrient turnover and primary biomass production in cold ecosystems and have important applications in biotechnology and in the study of food spoilage microorganisms. Divided into three main sections, the book covers the major aspects of biodiversity in cold ecosystems, the physiology and molecular adaptation mechanisms, and the various biomolecules related to cold adaptation --
Download or read book Wetland Ecosystems written by William J. Mitsch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-13 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New focused text introduces readers to wetland ecosystems and systems approaches to studying wetlands With its comprehensive coverage of wetland science, management, and restoration, Mitsch and Gosselink's Wetlands has been the premier reference on wetlands for more than two decades. Now, the coverage of specific wetland ecosystem types from earlier editions of this acclaimed work has been updated, revised, and supplemented with additional content in order to create this new text focusing exclusively on wetland ecosystems. This book now complements Wetlands, Fourth Edition. Following an introduction to ecosystems in general and wetland ecosystems in particular, Wetland Ecosystems examines the major types of wetlands found throughout the world: coastal wetlands, freshwater marshes and forested swamps, and peatlands. The final chapter reviews three fundamental systems approaches to studying wetlands: mesocosms, full-scale experimental ecosystems, and mathematical modeling. This new text features: Updated descriptions of the hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biology of the main types of wetlands found in the world New content introducing general ecosystems, wetland ecosystems, whole ecosystem and mesocosm experiments with wetlands, and systems ecology and modeling A detailed description of the ecosystem services provided by wetlands A broad international scope, including many examples of wetlands located outside North America Two new coauthors offering new perspectives and additional insights into the latest ecosystem and modeling techniques An abundance of illustrations helps readers understand how different biological communities and the abiotic environment in wetland ecosystems interact and function. Tables and text boxes provide at-a-glance summaries of key information. Lastly, each chapter concludes with a list of recommended readings. This text has been designed as an introduction for students and professionals in wetland ecology and management, general ecology, environmental science, and natural resource management.
Download or read book Functional Traits as Indicators of Past Environmental Changes written by Vincent Jassey and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tropical Peatland Ecosystems written by Mitsuru Osaki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-07 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an excellent resource for scientists, political decision makers, and students interested in the impact of peatlands on climate change and ecosystem function, containing a plethora of recent research results such as monitoring-sensing-modeling for carbon–water flux/storage, biodiversity and peatland management in tropical regions. It is estimated that more than 23 million hectares (62 %) of the total global tropical peatland area are located in Southeast Asia, in lowland or coastal areas of East Sumatra, Kalimantan, West Papua, Papua New Guinea, Brunei, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak and Southeast Thailand. Tropical peatland has a vital carbon–water storage function and is host to a huge diversity of plant and animal species. Peatland ecosystems are extremely vulnerable to climate change and the impacts of human activities such as logging, drainage and conversion to agricultural land. In Southeast Asia, severe episodic droughts associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, in combination with over-drainage, forest degradation, and land-use changes, have caused widespread peatland fires and microbial peat oxidation. Indonesia's 20 Mha peatland area is estimated to include about 45–55 GtC of carbon stocks. As a result of land use and development, Indonesia is the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases (2–3 Gtons carbon dioxide equivalent per year), 80 % of which is due to deforestation and peatland loss. Thus, tropical peatlands are key ecosystems in terms of the carbon–water cycle and climate change.
Download or read book Climate Change Impacts on Soil Processes and Ecosystem Properties written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change Impacts on Soil Processes and Ecosystem Properties, Volume 35 presents current and emerging soil science research around the areas of soil processes and climate change, also evaluating future research needs. The book combines the five areas of soil science (microbiology, physics, fertility, pedology, and chemistry) to give a comprehensive assessment. This integration of topics is rarely done in a single publication due to the disciplinary nature of the soil science areas, so users will find it to be a comprehensive resource on the topic. Provides an analysis of all areas of soil science in the context of climate change impact on soil processes and ecosystem properties Presents information that is displayed in an accessible form for practitioners and disciplines outside of soil science Contains a concluding section in each chapter which assesses key areas Includes a discussion on future research and direction
Download or read book Peatland Restoration and Ecosystem Services written by Aletta Bonn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-06-23 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An interdisciplinary book tackling the challenges of managing peatlands and their ecosystem services in the face of climate change.
Download or read book The Regional Impacts of Climate Change written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II. and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Wetlands written by K. Ramesh Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.
Download or read book Enzymes in Food Biotechnology written by Mohammed Kuddus and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 909 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymes in Food Biotechnology: Production, Applications, and Future Prospects presents a comprehensive review of enzyme research and the potential impact of enzymes on the food sector. This valuable reference brings together novel sources and technologies regarding enzymes in food production, food processing, food preservation, food engineering and food biotechnology that are useful for researchers, professionals and students. Discussions include the process of immobilization, thermal and operational stability, increased product specificity and specific activity, enzyme engineering, implementation of high-throughput techniques, screening to relatively unexplored environments, and the development of more efficient enzymes. Explores recent scientific research to innovate novel, global ideas for new foods and enzyme engineering Provides fundamental and advanced information on enzyme research for use in food biotechnology, including microbial, plant and animal enzymes Includes recent cutting-edge research on the pharmaceutical uses of enzymes in the food industry
Download or read book Tropical Peatlands written by Jack Rieley and published by Earthscan / James & James. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical peatlands are found mostly in South East Asia, but also in Africa and in Central and South America. They and peat-swamp forests store large amounts of carbon and their destruction, particularly through the development of plantations for oil palm and other forms of agriculture, releases large quantities of greenhouse gases which contribute to climate change. They are also complex and vulnerable ecosystems, home to great biodiversity and a number of endangered species such as the orang utan.The aim of this book is to introduce this little known but important and vulnerable ecosystem in a way that explains its long standing interaction with the global carbon cycle and how it is being destroyed by deforestation and inappropriate development. The authors describe the origin and formation of peat in the tropics, its current location, extent and amount of carbon stored in it, its biodiversity and natural resource functions and key ecological functions and processes. Appropriate hydrology is the key to the development and maintenance of peatlands and the unique aspects of tropical peatland water supply and management are also explored. In the same vein the nutrient dynamics and budgets of this ecosystem are explained in order to show how complex habitats can be maintained mainly by rainwater containing very low concentrations of essential chemical elements. Past and present impacts on tropical peatlands in SE Asia are discussed and the need for restoration and wise use highlighted. Finally, projections are made about the future of this ecosystem as a result of continuing human impacts and climate change.
Download or read book Peatlands and Environmental Change written by Dan Charman and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2002-11-22 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to an awareness of peatlands as a diminishing resource, peatland conservation and rehabilitation has become an important study area. Peatlands and Environmental Change offers a new approach by considering peatlands as a whole ecosystem, and thereby provides a better understanding of the importance and the consequences of the functioning of peatlands. Contents include: * Peat and peatlands * Peat landforms and structure * Peatland hydrology and ecology * Origins and pest initiation * Peat accumulation * The peatland archive: palaeoenvironmental evidence * Autogenic change * Allogenic change * Peatland - environmental feedbacks * Values, exploitation and human impacts * Conservation management and restoration
