Download or read book The Impact of Real Estate Market Transparency on the Linkages Between Direct and Indirect Real Estate written by Yun Luo and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "The Impact of Real Estate Market Transparency on the Linkages Between Direct and Indirect Real Estate" by Yun, Luo, 骆韵, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Global investors often invest in publicly traded indirect real estate (IRE) such as Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) and listed property companies rather than physical real estate asset in order to get exposure in foreign real estate markets for a number of reasons that mainly originated from the high transaction cost in the direct real estate (DRE) market. However, in reality IRE is not a perfect substitute of DRE and that the substitutability between IRE and DRE varies across markets. Very little is known about the factors that contributed to the variation. One possible contributing factor is the variation in the degree of real estate market transparency across markets, which is seldom examined in the previous studies. This thesis provides empirical evidence on the impact of real estate market transparency on the linkages between IRE and DRE. This study examines two aspects of IRE-DRE linkages, namely, return (first moment) linkages and volatility (second moment) linkages. This thesis uses style analysis to measure return linkages and variance decomposition to measure volatility linkages. After that, the correlations between IRE-DRE linkages and Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL)''s global real estate market transparency index will be examined. The empirical results show that the JLL global real estate market transparency index does have a positive impact on the linkages between IRE and DRE, especially on the volatility linkages. In addition, regulatory and legal transparency sub-index as well as real estate transaction process transparency sub-index have the strongest impact on both return and volatility IRE-DRE linkages. A highly-developed legal system as well as consistent regulatory enforcement (as measured by the degree of fairness treatment towards both domestic and foreign investors) ensures that real estate investors'' rights are well protected and thus the values of the underlying real estate asset are reflected in the IRE, which strengthens the IRE-DRE linkages. In addition, having a well-functioning regulatory and legal framework also means that DRE market transaction information is reliable which can be used for more accurate valuations. This assists investors in valuing the IRE based on their audited financial statements and thus strengthens the IRE-DRE linkages. Real estate transaction process transparency refers to market transparency in both pre-sale and spot real estate market. The presale market is essentially a forward market. Price information in the spot market can assist investors in assessing the future prospect of IRE and thus facilitates the price discovery process between the IRE and DRE. High transparency in the presale market therefore lead to stronger IRE-DRE linkages. The findings of this study provide several implications for global investors and local policy makers. Though emerging markets, which have low market transparency, are playing a more and more significant role in international real estate investment portfolios, global investors should understand the limitation of investing IRE as a means to gain exposure in DRE since the IRE-DRE linkages are usually weak in emergent markets. On the other hand, policy makers should spend more efforts to increase real estate market transparency if they wish to attract investments from global investors. In particular, policy makers should aim at improving the regulatory and legal framework

Download or read book The Impact of Real Estate Market Transparency on the Linkages Between Direct and Indirect Real Estate written by Yun Luo (M. Phil.) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Impact of Real Estate Market Transparency on the Linkages Between Direct and Indirect Real Estate written by 骆韵 and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Law Economics and Finance of the Real Estate Market written by Rita Yi Man Li and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-10 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The symbiosis between the law, economics and finance is evidenced in our daily lives. This book elucidates the relationship between these factors in Singapore and Hong Kong in direct and indirect real estate market. In Singapore, for example, there is an inseparable relationship between law, economics, finance and the HDB market. The book also showcases the concept of invitation to treat and offer, monetary compensation for environmental externalities under the lens of institutional economics. It also sheds light on the relationship between financial crisis, regulations, housing prices and indirect real estate market.

Download or read book Computational Science and Its Applications ICCSA 2021 written by Osvaldo Gervasi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-11 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​The ten-volume set LNCS 12949 – 12958 constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2021, which was held in Cagliari, Italy, during September 13 – 16, 2021. The event was organized in a hybrid mode due to the Covid-19 pandemic.The 466 full and 18 short papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 1588 submissions. Part VI of the set includes the proceedings of the following workshops: ​International Workshop on Digital Transformation and Smart City (DIGISMART 2021); International Workshop on Econometrics and Multidimensional Evaluation in Urban Environment (EMEUE 2021); International Workshop on Transformational Urban Mobility: Challenges and Opportunities During and Post COVID Era (FURTHER2021); International Workshop on Geodesign in Decision Making: meta planning and collaborative design for sustainable and inclusive development (GDM 2021);11th International Workshop on Future Computing System Technologies and Applications (FiSTA 2021); International Workshop on Geographical Analysis, Urban Modeling, Spatial Statistics (GEOG-AND-MOD 2021).

Download or read book Real Estate Investment written by Colin A. Jones and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-18 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook, aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate real estate programmes, provides an overview of real estate investment and pricing in a global context with special attention to the diversification of asset types in three parts. Designed as a successor to Will Fraser’s successful student-led investment book, Principles of Property Investment and Pricing, it encompasses the microeconomics of real estate markets and context alongside pricing failures of real estate highlighted by the impact of the global financial crisis, especially with regard to irrationality and risk. Part 1 focuses on the microeconomics of the real estate sector, covering the complex nature of real estate and the consequences for economic analysis and the operation of the market, the underlying essential processes and principles of real estate investment decision making, including a pricing model, and the significance of real estate cycles and why they occur. Part 2 begins with the characteristics of real estate as an investment, differentiated between direct and indirect investment, and making comparisons with alternative stock market assets, then examines real estate investors and their objectives, including financial institutions, REITs and other indirect vehicles. Additionally, it sets out the frameworks within which real estate investment decisions are made in relation to other investments and focuses on decision-making processes and the practicalities of performance measurement. Emerging real estate debates are discussed in Part 3. These chapters are primarily forward-looking to the implications and challenges for real estate investment, including the consequences of recent aspects of regulation, changes to occupier demand, partly driven by technology but also sustainability pressures, the logic and difficulties of international investment, with a particular focus on emerging markets.

Download or read book The Informational Content of Indirect Real Estate Options written by Na Li and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "The Informational Content of Indirect Real Estate Options: Evidence From Hong Kong" by Na, Li, 李娜, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of Thesis Titled The Informational Content of Indirect Real Estate Options: Evidence from Hong Kong Submitted by LI Na For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy At The University of Hong Kong in December 2006 There has been ample research on the relationship between the implied volatility of financial options and the realized volatility of the underlying stock. Empirical results on whether or not implied volatility contains information on future realized volatility have been mixed. This study contributes to this area of research by analyzing the informational content of derivative warrants (financial options) of property companies (indirect real estate) in Hong Kong. Previous studies suggested that there is a strong link between the prices of indirect real estate and those of direct real estate. However, there has been no research on the link between the options of indirect real estate and direct real estate. Using a sample of listed companies with a relatively long history of warrants listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, I found that there was no obvious relationship between the implied volatility and the realized volatility of the underlying stock. This is consistent with the results from previous studies. However, with regard to direct real estate, the informational content of implied volatility is different for the two broad categories of indirect real estate, namely investment companies and development companies. Investment companies hold properties for investment purposes. Their major source of revenue is rental income. I found that the implied volatility of the warrant of investment companies contained future information on the volatility of direct real estate. This result is expected, since the financial market is more liquid, and therefore, changes in the economic and political environment (such as interest rate movements and changes in fiscal and economic policies in Hong Kong and Mainland China) that are likely to affect the volatility of rental income will first be reflected in the warrant market. The results are, however, different for development companies. I found that the implied volatility of development companies contains information about the historical volatility of direct real estate. That is, the warrants of property development companies are priced based on historical volatility in the direct real estate market, which is a less liquid market. This apparently counterintuitive result can be explained by property development risk and the uncertainties that developers have to face than pricing presale housing units. The property developer has to bear the development risk in addition to fluctuations in property prices. The sources of development risks come mainly from the uncertainty in obtaining approvals from various government departments. Furthermore, in many cases, there is also uncertainty involved in negotiations with different stakeholders and pressure groups. Development risk may also vary according to the nature and timing of a development project. In essence, development risks are unique, and therefore, historical events have little predictive power. On the other hand, when developers sell their units in the presale market, they often face the problem of setting the right presale price that optimizes total profit. In the price searching process,

Download or read book A Global Perspective on Real Estate Cycles written by Stephen J. Brown and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 1999, New York University Salomon Center in assocIatIOn with the Department of Finance at NYU Stern held a one-day conference on the impact of real estate cycles on the real estate industry both from a domestic as well as an international perspective. The conference featured the leading research on this topic in the United States, Europe and Asia. Currendy, the real estate industry is at a critical point. New development projects around the world are being put on hold given recent developments in the international capital markets. The industry is hard hit by the decline in real estate investment trust (REIT) share prices and a shrink ing pool of capital for real estate ventures. This has unfortunately coincided with serious financial problems of very large hedge funds and other institutional investors in the market for commercial mortgage backed securities. There is need for new insights into the implications of U. S. and global real estate cycles on real estate secu rities including REITs and mortgage-backed securities as well as direct real estate investment. This global orientation is important given the high mobility of capital into the real estate, the increasing integration of real estate markets, and the proposed expan sion of real estate investment trusts (REIT) into international real estate. The process of globalization has resulted in increased competition between cities for the attrac tion of investment.

Download or read book An Asian Direct and Indirect Real Estate Investment Analysis written by Kim Hin David HO and published by Partridge Publishing Singapore. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to real estate scholastic work, in advancing the greater understanding of real estate investment analysis. This is because there has been limited research in bringing out clearly the uncertainty or risk, which is quantifiable uncertainty in real estate market analysis. Even real estate market research, which is carried out as an industry practice among private real estate researches, is no exception. Another reason is that it has been widely accepted that while the financial revolution has substantially changed many sectors of the financial industry, it has made little impact on real estate development and investment practice as Ill as scholastic work. Furthermore, while it is readily acknowledged that despite its huge share in the world Ialth, real estate investment discipline and research is on the whole still a poorly researched subject area. As a result, the industry tends to be dominated by traditional real estate analysts with little understanding of real estate market uncertainty and capital markets. These commentators are widely regarded to spend too much time worrying about local space supply and demand conditions, while totally losing sight of the everchanging real estate market and capital market conditions. The theme of this book is real estate investment analysis of direct and indirect real, which in turn can be appropriately managed under economic theory and the theoretical conceptions of real estate finance, provided the uncertainty is quantifiable. The book deploys case studies involving Singapore and Asia. This Black over White background viii framework enables real estate market analysis to attempt what defines the Asian direct and indirect real estate sectors; what is being measured; how it behaves (in terms of price and non-price factors); how it is structured and how it effectively achieves the objectives of sustainable total returns and manageable real estate market uncertainty. Managing real estate market uncertainty optimally is achieved at the portfolio level through real estate asset allocation. This is important because the real estate portfolio is able to virtually eliminate the unique (i.e. specific) uncertainties among the various Asian real estate sectors; thus retaining within the portfolio only the systemic (i.e. market-wide) uncertainty. Apart from real estate asset allocation, the alternative and modern approach to risk management at the portfolio level, is the value-at-risk (VaR) approach. Another modern and important alternative to coping with uncertainty is real option analysis and pricing that help to better define real estate market uncertainty in extent and time. Real option analysis and pricing also represent uncertainty via a decision tree and the risk-neutral probability conception, in order to comprehend how uncertainty impacts on the value of real estate investment decisions. The pricing of uncertainty is based on the risk-free hedge security conception. These are best examined at the micro level of the investment in a real estate development opportunity on vacant land. Nevertheless, the real estate sectors in Singapore and Asia offer promising prospects since the Asian currency crisis of 1997. It is now timely to take stock and make an assessment of how the sectors would pan out for the future, Ill into at least rest the next century. I are very pleased to present our thinking and research in international real estate with particular emphasis on Asia. The region’s vast potential for real estate is itself a large incentive for international real estate research and education that has inspired me to document the significant work I have done over the years. Black over White background ix I wish all readers a pleasurable reading of this book, and I thank you sincerely for your support without which the publication of this book would be made all the more difficult. Dr HO, Kim Hin / David Honorary Professor (University of Hertfordshire, UK) (International Real Estate & Public Policy) March 2021.

Download or read book Essays on the Impact of Sentiment on Real Estate Investments written by Anna Mathieu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-05 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anna Mathieu clarifies if real estate decisions are affected by investor and consumer sentiment and how severely the sentiment should be considered. With regard to international capital markets Mathieu conducts an analysis of the impact of investor sentiment on the return of the real estate-specific investment vehicle “Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)” by applying a GARCH-Model. She investigates the effects of investor sentiment on the return and the underlying volatilities of REITs and Non-REITs during the financial crisis. The hypotheses are tested for validity in a GARCH-Model. Parallel to capital markets and thereby in changing from an indirect Real Estate investment perspective to a direct perspective the author conducts an analysis if consumer sentiment impacts the household decision to buy a new home in the US. Therefore a dataset with 385 monthly observations from 1978 to 2010 is tested by a component model.

Download or read book Real Estate Construction and Economic Development in Emerging Market Economies written by Raymond Talinbe Abdulai and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-23 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real Estate, Construction and Economic Development in Emerging Market Economies examines the relationships between real estate and construction sectors and explores how each sector, and the relationships between them, affect economic development in emerging market economies (EMEs). Throughout the book, the international team of contributors discuss topics as diverse as real estate finance and investment, housing, property development, construction project management, valuation, sustainability and corporate real estate. In doing so the book demonstrates how the relationship between construction and real estate impacts on economic development in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, China, Ghana, Nigeria, Turkey, Lithuania, Hungary and Slovenia. Topics include: the role of real estate brokerage in improving the living standards of citizens; the effect of a mineral boom on construction cycles, real estate values and the socio-economic conditions of people in boom towns and cities; corporate real estate management practices and how they affect economic growth; and the synergies between construction and real estate and how they, in turn, affect economic development. This book will be of interest to those studying and researching real estate, construction, development studies, urban economics and emerging market economies.

Download or read book Stock Price Dynamics of US REITs written by Nick Martin Trefz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By adopting the ‘REIT laboratory’ and incorporating REIT-specific Fama-French factors, Nick Martin Trefz builds the foundation to appropriately isolate the parameters of interest and to transparently investigate the areas of interest (Short Selling, Covid-19, and ESG) throughout the chapters in this book. He finds that short selling activity measured by short interest correlates with positive excess returns, and that low short interest portfolios have positive and statistically significant alphas. He further identifies that during the Covid-19 pandemic the sources of spillovers among US real estate sectors remain constant compared to before Covid-19. Lodging can be identified as a source of total return as well as tail risk, and Office can be considered a source of volatility. Lastly, he shows that ESG ratings do not affect returns during Covid-19. However, higher ESG ranked REITs show significantly lower volatility during Covid-19.

Download or read book The Effect of the Real Estate Downturn on the Link between REIT s and the Stock Market written by Wing Lon Ng and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the impact of the real-estate/mortgage crisis on the dependence between the market for common stocks and returns on Real Estate Investment Trusts (REIT's), using a flexible mixed-copula approach. We find that the impact of the crisis on the levels of the tail dependence is very different from the impact on the values of the linear correlations. For this asset class all correlations are lower in the post-crisis period, whereas all other correlations have increased. In contrast, only the tail dependence values between the different REIT's indices seem to be impacted by the crisis, with the level of the tail dependence between each of the different REIT's indices and the stock market being less affected. That is, looking at the correlations the effect of the crisis appears to be a weakening of the connection between residential mortgage REIT's and the rest of the financial market, whereas the effect on the tail dependence suggest that the crisis mainly has an intra-REIT's effect.

Download or read book The Changing Real Estate Market written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Housing and Community Opportunity and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Understanding German Real Estate Markets written by Tobias Just and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real estate is the biggest real asset class in an economy, and Germany is the biggest economy in Europe. This implies opportunities as well as specific risks for investors and policy makers. As the German real estate markets have by and large been spared severe disruptions in the course of the economic crisis, many questions arise for investors and academics alike. What are the key institutional characteristics of the German real estate markets that make it different? What are the short and long-term drivers of demand and supply? Which regional and functional market segments are most likely to outperform in the next few years? What are the most important pitfalls for investors in Germany? This book gives answers to these and many more questions. The editors have invited a broad range of extensively knowledgeable practitioners and academics from across the relevant real estate spectrum, i.e. economic, legal, tax, planning and financing issues, to express their views. There is no better English publication that gives such a profound and simultaneously entertaining overview of Germany’s real estate markets.

Download or read book Real Estate and Globalisation written by Richard Barkham and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2000 to 2010 was a remarkable decade for real estate. It started with the dot.com bubble and ended with the putative recovery from the Great Financial Crisis. The period in-between featured the world's first coordinated real estate boom and slump. This book is based on a series of briefings on the relationship between macro economic events and real estate markets in the era of globalisation that covered the period. Collectively they offer unique insights, new ideas and practical approaches to real estate economics, grounded in the day-to-day realities of investment, development and fund management operations in a leading international property company. All the briefings are based on research conducted by a sophisticated in-house research team with expertise in macroeconomics, urban economics, financial economics and econometrics, led by a well- known specialist in the field. The topics highlight the relationship between real estate markets and global economic and political events – an area not well covered by academic journals. A compelling introduction considers the dramatic boom and slump in real estate values that led up to the Great Financial Crisis. The briefings are then presented, grouped into broad themes: macro economics and real estate; GDP, recessions and inflation; REITs; construction; Asia; retail, offices and housing markets; the formation of investment yields. A final chapter considers the medium-term future for real estate in the context of the ongoing financial crisis. Topics span the key sectors of office, retail and residential real estate in over 40 countries, with a focus on private sector investment, development and management. The perspective is long term, reflecting Grosvenor's unique position in real estate as a privately owned group. The author provides a commentary on each topic, giving context to the research and the implications for strategy, drawing out two unifying themes: the effect of globalisation; and the importance of macro economics and geo-politics in real estate research. Together, the briefings offer a penetrating analysis of real estate markets in the era of globalisation and financial crises. The era of crises is far from over, and Real Estate and Globalisation provides invaluable insights for property professionals worldwide – developers, occupiers, investment analysts and planners – on the nature of the processes that create such intense property market volatility. The book is also a unique source of guidance on practical property research for final year undergraduates and postgraduates on property courses, as well in geography, planning, architecture, and construction.

Download or read book The Impact of Local Media Pessimism on Residential Real Estate Markets written by Changha Jin and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study uses content analysis and a controlled experiment as data generation methods to investigate the precise nature of the largely unexplored relationship between the content of real estate news and activities in the real estate market. The theoretical base of the research is Kahneman's two system view (2003) of cognitive processing, which is applied to an individual's decision-making about the residential real estate market. The affect heuristic provides the theoretical basis for studying the relationship between the emotional content of local media information and decision making in the residential real estate market. The research question seeks to measure the "framing effect" of news on real estate market activity. It is posited that the way local real estate news is framed will influence transaction prices and the number of pending sales. A behavioral approach is utilized to understand the underlying relationship between a residential real estate market and a news article to audiences; an effect called frame setting. It is conjectured that when media coverage about the real estate market is negative there is more downward pressure on the market compared to when media coverage is more objective and includes descriptive statistics on the current real estate market.