Download or read book The Impact of Physical Education on Childhood Obesity in Ohio School Children written by Nicholas V. Cascarelli (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity has become a significant public health problem over the past 35 years. According to the Surgeon General report on Childhood Obesity from 2010, obesity that starts in childhood or adolescence creates greater risk for adult health problems such as heart disease, arthritis, stroke, and cancer. The literature shows that childhood obesity increases most rapidly during the early elementary school years. While obesity and its etiology are certainly multifaceted, at best, several studies have linked many social and environmental determinants of health. The research has shown strong links to factors such as socioeconomic status, the community type, and amount of physical activity through organized curriculum, intervention, and recess. The sample was a systematic stratified random sample of Ohio schools that reported their 3rd grade BMI scores for 2009-2010 school year to the Ohio Department of Health. The sample included 25 schools and 1,006 students. Those schools selected were contacted via phone to ask how many minutes per week schools allocated to physical education in grades K-3, and how many minutes per day was allotted for recess in grades K-3. Other data in the data set were the percentage of students receiving free or reduced lunch; the school building academic performance designations were acquired from the Ohio Department of Education. Zero-order Correlations were run for all variables. Those that were significantly correlated to BMI percentile adjusted for age and sex correlations were selected to run sequential multiple linear regression. Those variables were minutes of daily recess in the third grade, children receiving free or reduced lunch and the type of community. There were two sets of regression analyses. The first set was run at the student level. The first model at the student level, with the all three independent variables, resulted in an R2; = 0.011, F(3, 1001) = 3.726, p = 0.011. Model two at the student level, with the subtraction of the Community Type variable, revealed a less powerful R2; = 0.009, F(2,1003) = 4.481, p =.012. When this regression was run at the school level, neither regression was significant. The first model at the school level, with the all three independent variables, resulted in an R2; = 0.304, F(3, 21) = 3.058, p = 0.051. Model two, run at the school level, with the subtraction of the Community Type variable, revealed a less powerful R2; = 0.198, F(2,22) = 2.715, p =.088. These results suggest that the model run at the student level accounts for approximately 1% of the variation in BMI; the model run at the school level was not a significant predictor of the variance. While the model included for Ohio students did not indicate a strong predictor for childhood obesity, schools can play a significant role in the childhood obesity issue.
Download or read book The Impact of Physical Education on Obesity Among Elementary School Children written by John H. Cawley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the dramatic rise in childhood obesity, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and other organizations have advocated increasing the time that elementary school children spend in physical education (PE) classes. However, little is known about the effect of PE on child weight. This paper measures that effect by instrumenting for child PE time with state policies, using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) for 1998-2004. Results from IV models indicate that PE lowers BMI z-score and reduces the probability of obesity among 5th graders (in particular, boys), while the instrument is insufficiently powerful to reliably estimate effects for younger children. This represents some of the first evidence of a causal effect of PE on youth obesity, and thus offers at least some support to the assumptions behind the CDC recommendations. We find no evidence that increased PE time crowds out time in academic courses or has spillovers to achievement test scores.
Download or read book The Impact of Physical Education on Obesity Among Elementary School Children written by John Horan Cawley (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the dramatic rise in childhood obesity, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and other organizations have advocated increasing the time that elementary school children spend in physical education (PE) classes. However, little is known about the effect of PE on child weight. This paper measures that effect by instrumenting for child PE time with state policies, using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) for 1998-2004. Results from IV models indicate that PE lowers BMI z-score and reduces the probability of obesity among 5th graders (in particular, boys), while the instrument is insufficiently powerful to reliably estimate effects for younger children. This represents some of the first evidence of a causal effect of PE on youth obesity, and thus offers at least some support to the assumptions behind the CDC recommendations. We find no evidence that increased PE time crowds out time in academic courses or has spillovers to achievement test scores.
Download or read book Teaching Overweight Students in Physical Education written by Weidong Li and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overweight students often suffer negative consequences with regard to low physical ability, skills, and fitness; obesity-related health implications; teasing and exclusion from physical education by their peers; and psychosocial and emotional suffering as a result of weight stigma. Widespread obesity and its negative consequences have presented an unprecedented challenge for teachers, who must include overweight students in physical education activities while striving to provide individualized instruction for diverse learners and foster positive learning environments. Educators stand to benefit greatly from specific knowledge and skills for reducing bias and including overweight students. Teaching Overweight Students in Physical Education offers a compact and easy-to-read take on this problem. It begins by summarizing information on the obesity trend, weight stigma, and coping mechanisms. Next, it introduces the Social Ecological Constraint Model, which casts the teacher as an agent of change who is aware of and manipulates a variety of factors from multiple levels for effective inclusion of overweight students in physical education. Finally, it provides detailed strategies guided by the conceptual model for instructors to implement into their physical education classes. In all, this book provides a map for successfully including overweight students and offers practical strategies to help physical education teachers create inclusive and safe climates, and design differentiated instruction to maximize overweight or obese students’ engagement and learning. Comprehensive, evidence-based, and timely, this book is tailored for physical education educators and practitioners, but will also benefit parents of overweight children by providing them with strategies for educating their children on how to cope with stigma and weight-related teasing.
Download or read book Preventing Childhood Obesity written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-01-31 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking developmentâ€"an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.
Download or read book The Impact of Physical Education on Childhood Obesity written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between physical education in schools and childhood obesity. Children spend a significant amount of their lives at school. Outside of the home, there is no other environment to which they have as much exposure. As a result, physical education in schools has the potential to have a strong impact on children & apos;s physical fitness and well-being. This paper uses nationally representative, longitudinal data to test the link between physical education and children & apos;s body mass index (BMI). As the focus of education in the United States moves in the direction of standards based reform, the importance of physically active time during the school day may be overlooked. Results from this study indicate that greater frequency of physical education classes reduces the risk of obesity in children 6 to 11 years of age.
Download or read book Introduction to Physical Education Fitness and Sport written by Daryl Siedentop and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2022-06-06 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ninth edition of Introduction to Physical Education, Fitness, and Sport is as robust and instrumental as ever for students preparing for careers in the various physical activity fields. And the latest version of this long-running and seminal text is chock-full of new material for budding teachers, coaches, fitness professionals, recreation leaders, and program leaders. This book covers a broad spectrum of careers and professions, including those in physical education, health, dance, fitness, sport, recreation, athletic training, and athletic administration. The authors provide an overview of the respective professions and offer a deep dive into individual careers. In addition, the text explores the role of public policy across local, state, and federal levels, noting how various physical activity professions are affected by regulations. New content in this edition includes the following: Five new chapters cover dance education, recreational leadership, health education, contemporary physical education curriculum models, and exemplary physical education programs. Updated content on how economic, racial, and ethnic disparities affect physical activity and physical activity professions will help students anticipate real-life issues. New evidence, data, and information throughout the text will help students understand the issues, problems, and programmatic solutions in the various fields as they prepare to meet and solve those problems. The expanded and updated physical education chapters reflect current trends and developments. The new chapters on dance education, recreational leadership, and health education broaden the book’s scope as they show the role these allied physical activity professions play in the larger efforts to promote and support physical activity as a way to create a healthy citizenry. All chapters throughout the text have been updated to reflect the most current information on the topics. And the book’s web-based ancillaries, which include a range of instructor tools, have also been revised and expanded. Introduction to Physical Education, Fitness, and Sport is organized into six parts: Part I provides a thorough understanding of the health issues related to physical inactivity and of the evolution of physical activity programs. Parts II, III, and IV focus on concepts, programs, professions, and barriers to overcome in physical education, fitness, and sport, respectively. Part V delves into the allied physical activity professions of dance and dance education, recreation, and health education, exploring the concepts, professions, and issues in each area. Part VI tackles the subdisciplines of kinesiology that support physical activity, such as exercise physiology, sport pedagogy, sport and exercise psychology, sport philosophy, biomechanics, and more. Introduction to Physical Education, Fitness, and Sport will help students make more informed career choices, understand the professional issues they will face, and be in a better position to develop high-quality programs and make those programs widely available. Ultimately, this book will help new generations of physical activity professionals provide positive solutions to the problems that exist in their fields and to make lifelong impacts on their students.
Download or read book Quality Or Quantity in Physical Education Specific to Obesity and Test Scores written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Child obesity is increasing and schools are feeling the impact. Public education should educate every child in the U.S. Public schools are a source of social, emotional, physical and intellectual support. Physical education requirements have spiraled downward, with childhood obesity rates climbing, while test scores remain stagnant. Research suggests physical activity increases academic achievement along with improved behavior and positive self-image. Physical education teachers should challenge curricular strategies to increase fitness levels within the traditional school day. Cardiovascular (aerobic) activity, should be a focus of physical education curriculum utilizing technology such as heart rate monitors and accelerometers. This will provide educators with objective improvements specific to health gains. Implementing change could achieve both test scores and decrease childhood obesity."--leaf 3.
Download or read book What are Elementary Schools K 5 in Ohio Doing to Combat Childhood Obesity written by Lindsey Shea Snyder and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reports on what is happening in elementary schools, serving grade levels kindergarten through grade five in the state of Ohio, to combat the problem of childhood obesity. This study used the SHPPS survey, developed and implemented by the CDC. This allowed for comparison between data collected in this study and data collected at the national level by the CDC. The survey asked questions about health education, physical education, food services and health services offered by the school. Analysis of the data showed that in many areas, Ohio schools are comparable to the rest of the schools in the nation in taking measures to combat childhood obesity. However, in some areas, participating schools were far behind the national averages. The specific results, implications of the findings and the limitations are also discussed.
Download or read book School Nutrition and Activity written by Areej Hassan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-20 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.Childhood obesity is a major public health crisis nationally and internationally. This insightful compendium provides valuable information and assesses the research foundations behind several school initiatives to help combat the epidemic of obesity in children and adolescents, particularly using
Download or read book Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-10-31 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. The magnitude of the problem has increased dramatically during the last three decades and, despite some indications of a plateau in this growth, the numbers remain stubbornly high. Efforts to prevent childhood obesity to date have focused largely on school-aged children, with relatively little attention to children under age 5. However, there is a growing awareness that efforts to prevent childhood obesity must begin before children ever enter the school system. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies reviews factors related to overweight and obese children from birth to age 5, with a focus on nutrition, physical activity, and sedentary behavior, and recommends policies that can alter children's environments to promote the maintenance of healthy weight. Because the first years of life are important to health and well-being throughout the life span, preventing obesity in infants and young children can contribute to reversing the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. The book recommends that health care providers make parents aware of their child's excess weight early. It also suggests that parents and child care providers keep children active throughout the day, provide them with healthy diets, limit screen time, and ensure children get adequate sleep. In addition to providing comprehensive solutions to tackle the problem of obesity in infants and young children, Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies identifies potential actions that could be taken to implement those recommendations. The recommendations can inform the decisions of state and local child care regulators, child care providers, health care providers, directors of federal and local child care and nutrition programs, and government officials at all levels.
Download or read book Leading Factors of Childhood Obesity written by Alani Jarrett and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity is a worldwide epidemic. Because children spend several hours of their day in school, schools are a great place to begin a movement to prevent or decrease childhood obesity. Research shows a positive impact on childhood obesity with increased activity and better nutrition. Some school systems have started to promote healthy living, but many school systems are still lacking. The American Heart Association (2012) states that only 3.8% of elementary schools, 7.9% of middle schools, and 2.1% of high schools provide physical education classes daily. Children in Spokane County elementary schools only receive two 30- minute physical education classes each week, and the food children tend to eat at school is high in sodium and calories and low in nutritional value. In order to improve healthy living in children, schools need to increase the amount of time children spend in physical education, the quality of their school meals, and health education. To do this, everyone in the school system must be on board. Research must be disseminated to school boards and superintendents to get them involved and the children must have active role models to look up to. The intent of this project is to spend a year in several different schools to see if a year of physical and nutritional change will help reduce a child's BMI, which will also decrease their risk of developing a myriad of diseases in the future.
Download or read book Children Obesity and Exercise written by Andrew P. Hills and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-08-07 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the developed world there is an increasing prevalence of childhood obesity. This book provides sport, exercise and medicine students and professionals with an accessible and practical guide to understanding and managing childhood and adolescent obesity.
Download or read book Reducing Childhood Obesity written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Significance of Physical Activity and Obesity in Elementary School Children written by Kris D. Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental studies have shown that decreased physical activity in elementary school aged children during recess and physical education classes increase the alarming growing obesity rate. There's a childhood obesity crisis in the country, and there is no lack of reasons: progressively sedentary lifestyles motivated by video games, television and computers; a fast-food culture in which soda machines and greasy cafeteria food are abundant in kids' lives; and deteriorating chances for exercise, predominantly during the school day (Fainaru-Wada, 2009). About thirty years ago, children were approximately 5% obese, now the percentage has increased to 16-18%. Childhood obesity and lack of exercise is leading to multiple co-morbidities including diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, bone and joint problems, stroke, cancers, sleep apnea, and social and psychological problems during adulthood (CDC, 2013). Implementing of educational interventions and moderate, vigorous physical activity during recess and physical education elementary school years would theoretically reduce obesity in children, which could potentially lessen co-morbidities, therefore, would ideally decrease the cost of health care. Initial proposals for the physical activity increase would be made to the administrators of the school, board of directors, teachers, staff members and parents via a power point, lecture and educational handouts on obesity. Data collection and analysis will be conducted by school nurses and physical education teachers and presented in monthly meetings during the school year. Evaluation of the physical activity and potential decreasing weights of children will be conducted by parents via questionnaires. Dissemination of the proposed plan will be discussed and changed according to the results and opinions of the key stakeholders.
Download or read book Physical Activity written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2008, the U.S. federal government issued fully approved physical activity guidelines for the first time. The idea that physical activity impacts health can be traced as far back as Hippocrates, and the science around the linkages between physical activity and health has continuously accumulated. On April 14-15, 2015, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Obesity Solutions held a 2-day workshop to explore the state of the science regarding the impact of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity and to highlight innovative strategies for promoting physical activity across different segments of the population. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop.
Download or read book The Impact of State Physical Education Requirements on Youth Physical Activity and Overweight written by John Horan Cawley and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To combat childhood overweight, which has risen dramatically in the past three decades, many medical and public health organizations have called for students to spend more time in physical education (PE) classes. This paper is the first to exploit state PE requirements as quasi-natural experiments in order to estimate the causal impact of PE on student activity and weight. We study nationwide data from the YRBSS for 1999, 2001, and 2003 merged with data on state minimum PE requirements from the 1994 and 2000 School Health Policies and Programs Study and the 2001 Shape of the Nation Report. We find that certain state regulations are effective in raising the number of minutes during which students are active in PE. Our results also indicate that additional PE time raises the number of days per week that students report having exercised or engaged in strength-building activities, but lowers the number of days in which students report light physical activity. PE time has no detectable impact on youth BMI or the probability that a student is overweight. We conclude that while raising PE requirements may make students more active by some (but not all) measures, there is not yet the scientific base to declare raising PE requirements an anti-obesity initiative.
