Download or read book The Impact of Early Grade Retention on the Academic Achievement of Third Grade Students written by Aaron L. Tookes and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Success of Failure written by Karl L. Alexander and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the practice of grade retention in elementary school, a particularly vexing problem in urban school systems, where upward of half the students may repeat a grade. On the Success of Failure addresses whether repeating a grade is helpful or harmful when children are not keeping up. It describes the school context of retention and evaluates its consequences by tracking the experiences of a large, representative sample of Baltimore school children from first grade through high school. In addition to evaluating the consequences of retention, the book describes the cohort s dispersion along many different educational pathways from first grade through middle school, the articulation of retention with other forms of educational tracking (like reading group placements in the early primary grades and course-level assignments in middle school), and repeaters academic and school adjustment problems before they were held back.
Download or read book The Transformation of Title IX written by R. Shep Melnick and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2018-03-06 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One civil rights-era law has reshaped American society—and contributed to the country's ongoing culture wars Few laws have had such far-reaching impact as Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Intended to give girls and women greater access to sports programs and other courses of study in schools and colleges, the law has since been used by judges and agencies to expand a wide range of antidiscrimination policies—most recently the Obama administration’s 2016 mandates on sexual harassment and transgender rights. In this comprehensive review of how Title IX has been implemented, Boston College political science professor R. Shep Melnick analyzes how interpretations of "equal educational opportunity" have changed over the years. In terms accessible to non-lawyers, Melnick examines how Title IX has become a central part of legal and political campaigns to correct gender stereotypes, not only in academic settings but in society at large. Title IX thus has become a major factor in America's culture wars—and almost certainly will remain so for years to come.
Download or read book Early Grade Retention and Student written by Jill S. Cannon and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a student fails to master academic material, educators face a range of choices--they can provide extra tutoring, place the student in summer school, or, as a last resort, hold the student back for a year. This last option--retention--often proves to be a difficult and contentious issue for both schools and parents. California currently lacks a clear picture of retention: Who is retained? How do retained students fare in the repeated year? And can retention help struggling students reach proficiency? This report examines these questions by focusing on early elementary school retention in the Los Angeles Unified School District (lausd), which serves 11 percent of the public school students in the state. The authors find that 7.5 percent of students in the district are retained before the third grade. They also find that retention rates vary across schools and even across schools with similar student populations. Risk factors for retention, in addition to poor academic performance, span a range of student characteristics. The authors find that relatively younger students and boys are much more likely than other students to be held back, even when all else is equal. Other risk factors include low household income, English learner status, and Latino or African American race/ethnicity. Students with several of these risk factors can face up to a one-in-nine chance of being retained. The authors' interviews with lausd principals show quite varied attitudes to retention. Many acknowledge that it can have short-term benefits, but some remain concerned about long-term consequences. Their findings suggest that a blanket policy against retention may be misguided. Of course, earlier interventions to prevent retention are in the best interests of all--of students and, because of costs, of school districts and the state. (Contains 5 figures, 2 tables and 29 notes.) [This research was conducted with the support of Karina Jaquet. For "Early Grade Retention and Student Success: Evidence from Los Angeles. Technical Appendices", see ed517458.
Download or read book Early Grade Retention and Student Success Evidence from Los Angeles written by and published by Public Policy Instit. of CA. This book was released on with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Grade level Retention in the Early Grades written by Lisa Lynne Sigafoos and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policies are increasing the pressure for students to gain grade-level mastery. For example, federal legislation mandates that all children are able to read by third grade. This increased demand on teachers and schools has lead to more students being retained, especially in the early grades. Researchers have studied the effectiveness of retention, in the early elementary grades, in order to establish the immediate and later effects on academics, behavior development, and special education participation. Through an extensive search and analysis it was determined that retention has a largely negligible impact on student performance and has been unsuccessful in closing the achievement gap. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
Download or read book The Effects of Early Grade Retention on Student Outcomes Over Time written by Guido Schwerdt and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing number of American states and school districts require students to meet basic performance standards in core academic subjects at key transition points in order to be promoted to the next grade. We exploit a discontinuity in the probability of third grade retention under a Florida test-based promotion policy to study the causal effect of retention on student outcomes over time. Regression discontinuity estimates indicate large short-term gains in achievement among retained students and a sharp reduction in the probability of retention in subsequent years. The achievement gains from retention fade out gradually over time, however, and are statistically insignificant after six years. Despite this fade out, our results suggest that previous evidence that early retention leads to adverse academic outcomes is misleading due to unobserved differences between retained and promoted students. They also imply that the educational and opportunity costs associated with retaining a student in the early grades are substantially less than a full year of per pupil spending and foregone earnings. (Contains 10 figures, 11 tables, and 19 footnotes.).
Download or read book The Effects of Early Versus Later Grade Retention on Student Achievement written by Gail T. Pylant and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an era of increased accountability for student learning, administrators and teachers are forced to address the needs of struggling students. Grade retention is used as a practice to help low-performing students overcome their academic deficits. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of grade retention on student achievement. The goal of this study was to determine whether there was a significant difference in the growth performance scores and EVAAS predicted scores of sixth grade students retained in early grades first through third as compared to students retained in later grades fourth through sixth utilizing the NC End-of-Grade Tests in reading and mathematics. Separate Fisher's exact tests for reading and mathematics were used to determine the frequency of distribution of student growth performance scores in these subjects as measured by the within and/or above expectations versus below expectations categories from the NC ABCs model to compare early retainees and later retainees to see if the relationship of performance to category of retention differed more than expected by chance. Also, separate Fisher's exact tests for reading and mathematics were conducted to examine the frequency of distribution of student growth scores in these subjects as measured by the below expectation versus within or above expectations categories from the EVAAS predicted scores to compared early retainees and later retainees to see if the relationship of performance to category of retention differed more than expected by chance. According to these findings in this study, when examining academic change scores for reading and mathematics a significant relationship does not exist between the growth performance of early and later retainees. When examining EVAAS predicated scores, it was also indicated that a significant relationship does not exist between the growth performance of early and later retainees. However, the data did indicate that a higher percentage of later retainees met and/or scored above expectations in reading when compared to the early retainees.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development written by Sam Goldstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference work breaks new ground as an electronic resource. Utterly comprehensive, it serves as a repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new material long before it finds its way into standard textbooks.
Download or read book The Effect of Teacher Retention on Student Achievement in Third Grade Reading language Arts written by Kathy Bang Sellers and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Investigation of the Impact of Early Intervention Reading Programs on the Academic Achievement of Third grade Students in Reading written by Lutricia L. Parkman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Stakes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-12-16 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everyone is in favor of "high education standards" and "fair testing" of student achievement, but there is little agreement as to what these terms actually mean. High Stakes looks at how testing affects critical decisions for American students. As more and more tests are introduced into the country's schools, it becomes increasingly important to know how those tests are usedâ€"and misusedâ€"in assessing children's performance and achievements. High Stakes focuses on how testing is used in schools to make decisions about tracking and placement, promotion and retention, and awarding or withholding high school diplomas. This book sorts out the controversies that emerge when a test score can open or close gates on a student's educational pathway. The expert panel: Proposes how to judge the appropriateness of a test. Explores how to make tests reliable, valid, and fair. Puts forward strategies and practices to promote proper test use. Recommends how decisionmakers in education shouldâ€"and should notâ€"use test results. The book discusses common misuses of testing, their political and social context, what happens when test issues are taken to court, special student populations, social promotion, and more. High Stakes will be of interest to anyone concerned about the long-term implications for individual students of picking up that Number 2 pencil: policymakers, education administrators, test designers, teachers, and parents.
Download or read book The Impact of Early Childhood Education on Academic Achievement written by Jodi Davis and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two groups of students were compared to determine the impact of early intervention at the Early Childhood School on academic outcomes in later elementary school years for both math and reading. Students who were determined to be disadvantaged in some way, either by income, limited English proficiency, or having been identified as needing specialized instruction and who attended an early intervention program, prior to kindergarten, were compared to a similar group who did not attend the intervention program. Scores on district level assessments in math and reading were tracked for both groups of students through the third grade. Scores on high stakes standardized testing of the students in third grade were also analyzed. Results indicated that students in the control group outperformed students in the treatment group on the majority of district level assessments. However, the opposite was true for high stakes testing where the treatment group outperformed the control group on a consistent basis. These results were consistent, regardless of the nature of the disadvantage. Students who attended the prekindergarten program at the Early Childhood School had higher scores on the State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness (STAAR) exam than disadvantaged students who did not attend. Since this was not the case for district level assessments, it is recommended that the district revisit their local assessments and testing administration practices. It is also recommended that this cohort of students continue to be studied to see of the outcomes last beyond the third grade.
Download or read book The Effects of Early Literacy Policies on Student Achievement written by John Westall and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the importance of early literacy to long-term student success, by 2021, 41 states and the District of Columbia adopted early literacy policies to improve student literacy by the end of third grade. We use an event-study approach to examine the impact of these policies on high- and low-stakes test scores. Our results suggest that adopting an early literacy policy improves elementary students' reading achievement on high-stakes assessments, particularly in third grade and in states with comprehensive early literacy policies and third-grade retention requirements. We also find suggestive evidence that early literacy policies reduce socioeconomic and racial high-stakes achievement gaps in reading and have positive spillover effects on math achievement. However, we find little evidence of significant gains in low-stakes test scores except in states with comprehensive policies. Our findings highlight the importance of content and incentives for early literacy policies.
Download or read book The Effect of Grade level Retention on Student Success as Defined by the Student Success Initiative of Texas written by Barbara Lynn Christenson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public education in the United States is currently enveloped in an era of intense accountability. At the national level the No Child Left Behind Act, demands accountability in any district or school receiving federal funds. One of the goals of the No Child Left Behind legislation had its roots in the Texas education accountability statute of 1999, when former governor George W. Bush signed into law a mandate that became known as the Student Success Initiative. That law required students in the 3rd grade to pass the state reading assessment in order to be promoted to the 4th grade, beginning in the year 2003. The same group of students would be required to pass their 5th and 8th grade reading and math exams to be promoted to the next grade level. The initiative continued for all students. In opposition to the those policies, the body of research regarding grade-level retention concludes that the practice of grade retention is ineffective in increasing student achievement (Jimerson, 2001, Harness, 1984, McCoy, 1999). This study examined the Student Success Initiative in Texas. The goal was to determine whether retention in 3rd, 5th, or 8th grade made a signification difference in subsequent TAKS scores in comparison with students who were placed in the next grade level by the official Grade Placement Committee. Data was analyzed from three large urban school districts in Texas. Results were consistent across the three school districts. Students who were retained in third grade performed better the subsequent year in third grade, but those successes did not continue consistently through the 5th and 8th grade years. Students retained in 5th grade for math performed poorly on subsequent tests, as did students retained in the 8th grade for reading or math. However, the group of students that was retained in 5th grade due to failure of the TAKS Reading test exhibited success in the subsequent year as well as the 8th grade year. Overall, TAKS students who were retained did not perform better than students who were placed in the next grade level as they progressed through 8th grade.
Download or read book The Impact of Teacher Efficacy on the Academic Achievement of Third Grade Students written by Laverne Scurry Byrd and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of early grade retention on academic achievement at subsequent grades PHD written by Lori Kay McCorkle-Benz and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
