Download or read book The Impact of Downside Risk on Risk Adjusted Performance of Mutual Funds in the Euronext Markets written by Robert van der Meer and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many performance measures, such as the classic Sharpe ratio have difficulty in evaluating the performance of mutual funds with skewed return distributions. Common causes for skewness are the use of options in the portfolio or superior market timing skills of the portfolio manager. In this article we examine to what extent downside risk and the upside potential ratio can be used to evaluate skewed return distributions. In order to accomplish this goal, we first show the relation between the risk preferences of the investor and the risk-adjusted performance measure. We conclude that it is difficult to interpret differences in the outcomes of risk-adjusted performance measures exclusively as differences in forecasting skills of portfolio managers. We illustrate this with an example of a simulation study of a protective put strategy. We show that the Sharpe ratio leads to incorrect conclusions in the case of protective put strategies. On the other hand, the upside potential ratio leads to correct conclusions. Finally, we apply downside risk and the upside potential ratio in the process of selecting a mutual fund from a sample of mutual funds in the Euronext stock markets. The rankings appear similar, which can be attributed to the absence of significant skewness in the sample. However, find that the remaining differences can be quite significant for individual fund managers, and that these differences can be attributed to skewness. Therefore, we prefer to use the UPR as an alternative to the Sharpe ratio, as it accounts better for the use of options and forecasting skills.

Download or read book Managing Downside Risk in Financial Markets written by Frank A. Sortino and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2001-10-02 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative methods have revolutionized the area of trading, regulation, risk management, portfolio construction, asset pricing and treasury activities, and governmental activity such as central banking to name but some of the applications. Downside-risk, as a quantitative method, is an accurate measurement of investment risk, because it captures the risk of not accomplishing the investor's goal. 'Downside Risk in Financial Markets' demonstrates how downside-risk can produce better results in performance measurement and asset allocation than variance modelling. Theory, as well as the practical issues involved in its implementation, is covered and the arguments put forward emphatically show the superiority of downside risk models to variance models in terms of risk measurement and decision making. Variance considers all uncertainty to be risky. Downside-risk only considers returns below that needed to accomplish the investor's goal, to be risky. Risk is one of the biggest issues facing the financial markets today. 'Downside Risk in Financial Markets' outlines the major issues for Investment Managers and focuses on "downside-risk" as a key activity in managing risk in investment/portfolio management. Managing risk is now THE paramount topic within the financial sector and recurring losses through the 1990s has shocked financial institutions into placing much greater emphasis on risk management and control. Free Software Enclosed To help you implement the knowledge you will gain from reading this book, a CD is enclosed that contains free software programs that were previously only available to institutional investors under special licensing agreement to The pension Research Institute. This is our contribution to the advancement of professionalism in portfolio management. The Forsey-Sortino model is an executable program that: 1. Runs on any PC without the need of any additional software. 2. Uses the bootstrap procedure developed by Dr. Bradley Effron at Stanford University to uncover what could have happened, instead of relying only on what did happen in the past. This is the best procedure we know of for describing the nature of uncertainty in financial markets. 3. Fits a three parameter lognormal distribution to the bootstrapped data to allow downside risk to be calculated from a continuous distribution. This improves the efficacy of the downside risk estimates. 4. Calculates upside potential and downside risk from monthly returns on any portfolio manager. 5. Calculates upside potential and downside risk from any user defined distribution. Forsey-Sortino Source Code: 1. The source code, written in Visual Basic 5.0, is provided for institutional investors who want to add these calculations to their existing financial services. 2. No royalties are required for this source code, providing institutions inform clients of the source of these calculations. A growing number of services are now calculating downside risk in a manner that we are not comfortable with. Therefore, we want investors to know when downside risk and upside potential are calculated in accordance with the methodology described in this book. Riddles Spreadsheet: 1. Neil Riddles, former Senior Vice President and Director of Performance Analysis at Templeton Global Advisors, now COO at Hansberger Global Advisors Inc., offers a free spreadsheet in excel format. 2. The spreadsheet calculates downside risk and upside potential relative to the returns on an index Brings together a range of relevant material, not currently available in a single volume source. Provides practical information on how financial organisations can use downside risk techniques and technological developments to effectively manage risk in their portfolio management. Provides a rigorous theoretical underpinning for the use of downside risk techniques. This is important for the long-run acceptance of the methodology, since such arguments justify consultant's recommendations to pension funds and other plan sponsors.

Download or read book Downside Risk and Mutual Fund Flows written by Nikolaos T. Artavanis and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is little empirical evidence regarding downside risk in asset pricing, due in part to problems inherent in estimating downside risk. We argue that Berk and van Binsbergen (2016)'s approach to testing asset pricing models using the relation between investor flows and risk-adjusted fund returns is well suited for examining the merits of downside risk. We extend the analysis of Berk and van Binsbergen (2016) and Barber et al. (2016) by showing that investors care more about downside market risk than unconditional market risk when choosing mutual funds. Our study provides novel insights regarding investors' preferences. We find that investors' sensitivity to downside risk increases following market crises and is more pronounced among funds with conservative investment objectives. Finally, we find that investors' response to downside risk is not subsumed by information/influence from Morningstar ratings.

Download or read book Pitfalls of Downside Performance Measures with Arbitrary Targets written by Benedikt Hoechner and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sharpe ratio has been criticized with regard to the assumptions of mean-volatility portfolio selection. Downside performance measures were developed to resolve this critique; they are consistent with expected utility theory under less restrictive assumptions. The most prominent family of downside performance measures is known as Kappa ratios and puts above target returns into relation to lower partial moments. While the Sharpe ratio of a mutual fund evaluates whether portfolios of mutual fund and risk-free asset dominate risk-adjusted passive portfolios of benchmark and risk-free asset, this characteristic cannot be transferred to downside performance measures with arbitrary targets. We show that Kappa ratios assign different values to passive strategies with varying fractions of benchmark and risk-free asset if the target differs from the risk-free rate. This effect can lead to reverse rankings of inferior and superior performing mutual funds. In addition, even the ratio of excess return and excess downside risk of passive portfolios is not constant in general. Therefore, downside performance measures turn out to be only applicable in asset management if the target is set equal to the risk-free rate.

Download or read book Preparing for the Worst written by Hrishikesh (Rick) D. Vinod and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-11-11 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely approach to downside risk and its role in stock market investments When dealing with the topic of risk analysis, most books on investments treat downside and upside risk equally. Preparing for the Worst takes an entirely novel approach by focusing on downside risk and explaining how to incorporate it into investment decisions. Highlighting this asymmetry of the stock market, the authors describe how existing theories miss the downside and follow with explanations of how it can be included. Various techniques for calculating downside risk are demonstrated. This book presents the latest ideas in the field from the ground up, making the discussion accessible to mathematicians and statisticians interested in applications in finance, as well as to finance professionals who may not have a mathematical background. An invaluable resource for anyone wishing to explore the critical issues of finance, portfolio management, and securities pricing, this book: Incorporates Value at Risk into the theoretical discussion Uses many examples to illustrate downside risk in U.S., international, and emerging market investments Addresses downside risk arising from fraud and corruption Includes step-by-step instructions on how to implement the methods introduced in this book Offers advice on how to avoid pitfalls in calculations and computer programming Provides software use information and tips

Download or read book Advances in Quantitative Analysis of Finance and Accounting written by Cheng-Few Lee and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation. Advances in Quantitative Analysis of Finance and Accounting is an annual publication designed to disseminate developments in the quantitative analysis of finance and accounting. The publication is a forum for statistical and quantitative analyses of issues in finance and accounting as well as applications of quantitative methods to problems in financial management, financial accounting, and business management. The objective is to promote interaction between academic research in finance and accounting and applied research in the financial community and the accounting profession.The papers in this volume cover a wide range of topics including default risk premiums, multi-period contracts, stock market, impact of earnings change on stock price, bank regulation, dividend effect of closed-end mutual funds, income smoothing, and inflation accounting.

Download or read book Advances In Quantitative Analysis Of Finance And Accounting New Series Vol 2 written by Cheng Few Lee and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-05-30 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: News Professor Cheng-Few Lee ranks #1 based on his publications in the 26 core finance journals, and #163 based on publications in the 7 leading finance journals (Source: Most Prolific Authors in the Finance Literature: 1959-2008 by Jean L Heck and Philip L Cooley (Saint Joseph's University and Trinity University).Advances in Quantitative Analysis of Finance and Accounting, New Series is an annual publication designed to disseminate developments in the quantitative analysis of finance and accounting. It is a forum for statistical and quantitative analyses of issues in finance and accounting, as well as applications of quantitative methods to problems in financial management, financial accounting, and business management. The objective is to promote interaction between academic research in finance and accounting, applied research in the financial community, and the accounting profession.

Download or read book Does the Use of Downside Risk Adjusted Measures Impact the Performance of UK Investment Trusts written by Christopher J. Adcock and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the impact of using different risk-adjusted measures of performance on the evaluation of UK investment trusts. Significant negative skewness is probably the most important empirical property of the time series of returns under analysis. Performance results based on the Sharpe Ratio and several downside risk-adjusted performance measures (the Sortino ratio, excess return on Cornish-Fisher VaR, excess return on VaR, and excess return on Expected Shortfall) are compared. VaR and Expected Shortfall are computed using Filtered Historical Simulation (FHS), a hybrid methodology that combines the use of volatility models with bootstrapping techniques and is robust to the empirical characteristics of our data. Four alternative measures, both parametric and non-parametric, are applied in order to assess the level of association between different performance measures. The Pearson correlation coefficient is applied in the context of the parametric approach. Additionally, two alternative non-parametric measures of rank correlation are used: Spearman ́s coefficient and Kendall ́s Tau. As an alternative to these rank correlation analysis, Cohen ́s Kappa, a non-parametric measure based on contingency table statistics is also computed. The observed level of association between Sharpe Ratio and the downside risk-adjusted measures of performance is not as low as would be expected considering the empirical properties of our data. However, an additional analysis based on a simulated sample of returns, with a higher variability in the skewness and the kurtosis of the time series, demonstrates that the choice of the performance measure does indeed have an impact on the performance assessment of investment portfolios. With respect to the simulated time series of returns considerable lower levels of association are reported especially with the application of Cohen ́s Kappa statistic.

Download or read book Adjusting for Risk Factors in Mutual Fund Performance and Performance Persistence written by Drosos Koutsokostas and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of Greek equity mutual funds and the persistence in annual performance for the period 2008-2017 by using a variety of performance models. Design/methodology/approach Using all the available funds in operation and daily data, the authors apply single-index (Jensen, 1968) and multi-factor models (Fama and French, 1993; Carhart, 1997) to measure risk-adjusted returns. To assess performance persistence, a series of parametric (Bollen and Busse, 2005) and non-parametric tests (Malkiel, 1995; Brown and Goetzmann, 1995; Kahn and Rudd, 1995) is implemented. Findings Results show that the Greek equity mutual funds perform, on average, worse than the market index, irrespective of the performance measure applied, and the estimations obtained by the models are similar. Few managers that followed large-cap strategies, pursued stocks with high book-to-market value ratio and eliminated their exposure to the momentum effect were able to add value to their portfolios. Furthermore, a winner-picking strategy based on sustained superior performers is questioned. However, assigning fund returns to the corresponding risk factors results in the partial disappearance of persistence in performance. Originality/value The sample period includes the turbulent period, following the introduction of capital controls, which affected capital flows significantly. Moreover, the application of multiple performance measures enables us to investigate performance persistence in a wider spectrum.

Download or read book Does the Use of Downside Risk Adjusted Measures Lead to Better Future Performance written by Florinda Silva and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates how past performance, as measured by alternative risk-adjusted measures is informative of future performance. Performance results based on the Sharpe Ratio and several downside risk-adjusted performance measures (the Sortino ratio, excess return on Cornish-Fisher VaR, excess return on VaR, and excess return on Expected Shortfall) are compared. VaR and Expected Shortfall are computed using Filtered Historical Simulation (FHS), a hybrid methodology that combines the use of volatility models with bootstrapping techniques and is robust to the stylized facts of time series data on financial asset returns. Recent empirical evidence is somewhat controversial. Some studies suggest that the use of different risk-adjusted performance measures (traditional vs downside risk-adjusted) does not seem to matter for investment fund decisions (Eling & Schuhmacher, 2007; Eling, 2008) while others suggest that it matters at least for some of the measures (Ornelas et al. 2010; Zakamouline, 2010). In most of the cases, the observed level of statistical association between the Sharpe Ratio and the downside risk-adjusted measures of performance is not as low as would be expected. However, even if in empirical research statistical tests are not able to capture significant differences between rankings based on different measures, the economic significance of these differences may be relevant for investors and fund managers. In fact, it is of interest to assess to what extent the ex ante use of each of these measures can lead to better ex post performance results, regardless of the correlation between performance rankings and measures. Our sample includes portfolios of Large Cap US funds over the period 1999 to 2010. In each month, portfolios of funds are created based on the rankings of the funds resulting from the different risk-adjusted performance measures. A estimation window of five years is used. The cumulative return of the top performing funds is then compared with the bottom performing funds.

Download or read book Do Derivatives Enhance or Deter Mutual Fund Risk Return Profiles Evidence from Italy written by Emilia Garcia-Appendini and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the use of derivatives in Italian equity mutual funds from December 2002 to May 2007. We find that the average asset allocation in derivatives increased by around 50% during this time frame, roughly coinciding with the harmonization of Italian regulation of mutual funds to European standards. During the same period, users of derivatives significantly increased their risk-adjusted performance, increased their market risk exposures, reduced idiosyncratic and total risk, reduced skewness, and increased kurtosis. In contrast, non-users of derivatives increased their overall performance without either increasing their market exposures or changing the skewness of their returns. In spite of the increased exposure to derivatives, overall risk reduction was equal for both users and non-users of derivatives. These findings do not support the public perception about the use of derivatives as a means to increase risk through speculation.

Download or read book Do Mutual Funds Perform When it Matters Most to Investors US Mutual Fund Performance and Risk in Recessions and Expansions written by Robert Kosowski and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper shows that the stylized fact of average mutual fund underperformance documented in the literature stems from expansion periods when funds have statistically significant negative risk-adjusted performance and not recession periods when risk-adjusted fund performance is positive. These results imply that traditional unconditional performance measures understate the value added by active mutual fund managers in recessions, when investors' marginal utility of wealth is high. The risk-adjusted performance (or alpha) difference between recession and expansion periods is statistically and economically significant at 3 to 5 percent per year. Our findings are based on a novel multi-variate conditional regime-switching performance methodology used to carry out one of the most comprehensive examinations of the performance of US domestic equity mutual funds in recessions and expansions from 1962 to 2005. The findings are robust to the choice of the factor model (including bond and liquidity factor extensions), the use of NBER business cycle dates, fund load, turnover, expenses and percentage of equity holdings.

Download or read book Practical Portfolio Performance Measurement and Attribution written by Carl R. Bacon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-23 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance measurement and attribution are key tools in informing investment decisions and strategies. Performance measurement is the quality control of the investment decision process, enabling money managers to calculate return, understand the behaviour of a portfolio of assets, communicate with clients and determine how performance can be improved. Focusing on the practical use and calculation of performance returns rather than the academic background, Practical Portfolio Performance Measurement and Attribution provides a clear guide to the role and implications of these methods in today's financial environment, enabling readers to apply their knowledge with immediate effect. Fully updated from the first edition, this book covers key new developments such as fixed income attribution, attribution of derivative instruments and alternative investment strategies, leverage and short positions, risk-adjusted performance measures for hedge funds plus updates on presentation standards. The book covers the mathematical aspects of the topic in an accessible and practical way, making this book an essential reference for anyone involved in asset management.

Download or read book Short Term Wholesale Funding and Systemic Risk written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we identify some of the main factors behind systemic risk in a set of international large-scale complex banks using the novel CoVaR approach. We find that short-term wholesale funding is a key determinant in triggering systemic risk episodes. In contrast, we find no evidence that a larger size increases systemic risk within the class of large global banks. We also show that the sensitivity of system-wide risk to an individual bank is asymmetric across episodes of positive and negative asset returns. Since short-term wholesale funding emerges as the most relevant systemic factor, our results support the Basel Committee's proposal to introduce a net stable funding ratio, penalizing excessive exposure to liquidity risk.

Download or read book Investment Consultant Diploma City of London College of Economics 6 months 100 online self paced written by City of London College of Economics and published by City of London College of Economics. This book was released on with total page 783 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overview This diploma course will teach you everything you need to know to become a successful investment consultant. Upon completion you will be able to work for financial companies or freelance. Content - Financial Instruments - Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies - Capital Asset Pricing and Arbitrage Pricing Theory - Managing Bond Portfolios - Financial Statement Analysis - Derivative Markets etc. Duration 6 months Assessment The assessment will take place on the basis of one assignment at the end of the course. Tell us when you feel ready to take the exam and we’ll send you the assignment questions. Study material The study material will be provided in separate files by email / download link.

Download or read book Europe s Hidden Capital Markets written by Jean-Pierre Casey and published by CEPS. This book was released on 2005 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing regulatory measures taken at the EU level that impact European bond markets, this book examines the desirability, utility, and feasibility of certain policy measures.

Download or read book Statistics of Financial Markets written by Szymon Borak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practice makes perfect. Therefore the best method of mastering models is working with them. This book contains a large collection of exercises and solutions which will help explain the statistics of financial markets. These practical examples are carefully presented and provide computational solutions to specific problems, all of which are calculated using R and Matlab. This study additionally looks at the concept of corresponding Quantlets, the name given to these program codes and which follow the name scheme SFSxyz123. The book is divided into three main parts, in which option pricing, time series analysis and advanced quantitative statistical techniques in finance is thoroughly discussed. The authors have overall successfully created the ideal balance between theoretical presentation and practical challenges.