Download or read book The Impact of Bolsa Fam lia on Schooling written by de Brauw, Alan and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2015 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We estimate the impact of Bolsa Família on a range of education outcomes, including school participation, grade progression, grade repetition, and dropout rates. Using a large-sample household panel survey from 20052009 collected for this evaluation, we develop a statistically balanced comparison group of eligible nonparticipant households and estimate impacts using propensity-score-weighted regression. We estimate that Bolsa Família increased average school participation among all children age 6 to 17 years by (a weakly significant) 4.5 percent. It had no effect on grade promotion, on average. However, within the subsample of girls, Bolsa Família caused substantial improvements in schooling outcomes, including significant increases in school participation (8.2 percent) and rates of grade progression (10.4 percent). We show that the gains in girls schooling do not derive from catch-up effects, but rather increase girls existing advantage in schooling attainment. In general, impacts are larger among older children, in rural areas, and in the Northeast.
Download or read book Com a Barriga Cheia written by Becky Kay Reuse Martins and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact Evaluation of a Conditional Cash Transfer Program written by John Maluccio and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2005 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2000, the Nicaraguan government implemented a conditional cash transfer program designed to improve the nutritional, health, and educational status of poor households, and thereby to reduce short- and long-term poverty. Based on the Mexican government's successful PROGRESA program, Nicaragua's Red de Proteccion Social (RPS) sought to supplement household income, reduce primary school dropout rates, and increase the health care and nutritional status of children under the age of five. This report represents IFPRI's evaluation of phase I of RPS. It shows that the program was effective in low-income areas and particularly effective when addressing health care and education needs. The report offers the first extensive assessment of a Nicaraguan government antipoverty program.
Download or read book The Contribution of Bolsa Fam lia to the Educational Achievement of Economically Disadvantaged Children in Brazil written by Armando Amorim Simoes and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates effects of a conditional cash transfer programme (CCT) in Brazil - Bolsa Família (BF) - on school outcomes, particularly children's achievements on standardised tests, pass-grade rates, and dropout rates. The educational conditionality of the programme, requiring enrolment in school and minimum school attendance, figures as a major justification for public investment in BF. It is expected that BF will reduce short-term poverty and boost children's human capital, thus inducing long-term socioeconomic improvement. In order to achieve its long-term objective, BF should be able to improve not only enrolment and attendance rates, but also learning outcomes and grade promotion amongst beneficiary children. However, these effects, particularly learning outcomes, have not yet been reported in the literature. The hypothesis investigated in this thesis is that length of time of participation in the programme and per capita cash amounts received by families are key variables in assessing BF's effects on children's educational outcomes. As the programme improves household income, requires a high rate of school attendance, and monitors children's health and nutritional conditions, a positive effect on children's performance should be expected over time. Similarly, the amount of cash paid to families should have an impact on changes induced in the home environment that are beneficial for children's educational outcomes. Empirically, the dissertation combines three national datasets from governmental agencies for the years 2005 and 2007. These data contain information on test scores in Portuguese Language and Mathematics for fourth grade pupils, school context, and BF parameters (intake, time of participation, and cash value), which are used in cross-sectional and panel analyses to test the above hypotheses. The results show that although beneficiaries tend to attend less well-resourced schools, the influence of individual and household characteristics on test scores overshadow that of school resources, suggesting that demand-side interventions might result in gains in children's performances. The cross-sectional analysis at the school level suggests that BF's contribution to school outcomes depends on the length of time of participation and the per capita cash value paid to families. In addition, these two BF parameters have substitute effects, that is, as the per capita cash increases, school performance increases; however, the contribution of time of participation to gains in school performance diminishes and vice-versa. As a sensitive analysis to test the direct effects of length of time of participation and per capita cash on school outcomes, a subsample was used, which includes only schools in which more than 80% of pupils are beneficiaries. Results from this subsample confirm the positive effects of time and cash on school outcomes, although only cash is statistically significant. Furthermore, a school-and-time fixed effects model is estimated using panel data for 2005 and 2007 for the same school outcomes. The results also suggest that improvements in school outcomes are expected over time as a result of exposure to the programme, although this varies across regions. The findings support the idea that improvements in educational opportunities and outcomes for children of low-income families in Brazil require a non-educational policy measure - the reduction of the immediate income poverty - as intended by BF. Nevertheless, there is also an urgent need to address inequalities in standards of education supply and special attention should be given to children whose families are recipients of BF in promoting access to pre-school programmes. Even though educational policies are necessary, they are insufficient to promote human capital amongst the poorest families in Brazil. In this sense, CCTs do not represent an opportunity cost for educational policies. Instead, they are important allies in promoting education access and equity.
Download or read book The Poorest and Hungry written by Joachim Von Braun and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2009 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have the lives of the world's poorest, neediest people improved over the past few decades? What policies have lifted some people out of the worst forms of poverty, and what conditions keep others mired within it? The Poorest and Hungry: Assessment, Analyses, and Actions answers such questions, bringing together studies of both what causes and what reduces severe poverty from a diverse group of development specialists. The book focuses on the poorest and hungry in society and identifies areas for action. Stable economic growth; targeted social programs and insurance that invest in and protect nutrition, health, and education; and political and social inclusion of previously marginalized groups emerge as the essential requirements for poverty reduction, and this book's contributors identify strategies for promoting all three. The Poorest and Hungry is an important resource for policymakers, development specialists, and others concerned with helping the world's poorest people.
Download or read book Conditional Cash Transfers written by Ariel Fiszbein and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-02-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. That is, the government only transfers the money to persons who meet certain criteria. These criteria may include enrolling children into public schools, getting regular check-ups at the doctor's office, receiving vaccinations, or the like. They have been hailed as a way of reducing inequality and helping households break out of a vicious cycle whereby poverty is transmitted from one generation to another. Do these and other claims make sense? Are they supported by the available empirical evidence? This volume seeks to answer these and other related questions. Specifically, it lays out a conceptual framework for thinking about the economic rationale for CCTs; it reviews the very rich evidence that has accumulated on CCTs; it discusses how the conceptual framework and the evidence on impacts should inform the design of CCT programs in practice; and it discusses how CCTs fit in the context of broader social policies. The authors show that there is considerable evidence that CCTs have improved the lives of poor people and argue that conditional cash transfers have been an effective way of redistributing income to the poor. They also recognize that even the best-designed and managed CCT cannot fulfill all of the needs of a comprehensive social protection system. They therefore need to be complemented with other interventions, such as workfare or employment programs, and social pensions.
Download or read book The Effects of Conditionality Monitoring on Educational Outcomes written by Luis Henrique Paiva and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conditional cash transfer programmes have been increasingly adopted by several lowand middle-income countries. Despite this overall acceptance, conditionalities remain under scrutiny regarding their possible independent effects on educational and health indicators. This paper is an ecological study of conditionalities in Brazil's Bolsa Família programme. As programme coverage (taken as a proxy of cash transfers) and monitoring and enforcement of the educational conditionalities (proxy of conditionalities) are not correlated at the municipal level, this study fits a number of different ordinary least square (OLS) and growth-curve models to explain variations in drop-out rates and school progression in basic education in public schools across municipalities. ...
Download or read book Impacts of the Bolsa Fam lia Program on Child Labor and School Attendance written by Cacciamali Maria Cristina and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyses the impacts of the Bolsa Família Program on the occurrence of child labor and school attendance of children from poor families in Brazil in 2004, according to census and regional areas. A bivariate probit model was used to estimate the statistical tests. The results corroborate the efficiency of the Bolsa Família to increase the school attendance of children, however, the Program increases the likelihood of occurrence of child labor. Moreover, children of poor households in rural areas have worse conditions than those of urban areas, demanding specific actions to them.
Download or read book The State of the Global Education Crisis written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The global disruption to education caused by the COVD-19 pandemic is without parallel and the effects on learning are severe. The crisis brought education systems across the world to a halt, with school closures affecting more than 1.6 billion learners. While nearly every country in the world offered remote learning opportunities for students, the quality and reach of such initiatives varied greatly and were at best partial substitutes for in-person learning. Now, 21 months later, schools remain closed for millions of children and youth, and millions more are at risk of never returning to education. Evidence of the detrimental impacts of school closures on children's learning offer a harrowing reality: learning losses are substantial, with the most marginalized children and youth often disproportionately affected. Countries have an opportunity to accelerate learning recovery and make schools more efficient, equitable, and resilient by building on investments made and lessons learned during the crisis. Now is the time to shift from crisis to recovery - and beyond recovery, to resilient and transformative education systems that truly deliver learning and well-being for all children and youth."--The World Bank website.
Download or read book Essays on Development and Behavior Economics An Impact Evaluation of the Bolsa Fam lia Conditional Cash Transfer on Education and the Effect of Leadership Identity on Group Cooperation and Elite Capture written by Elke Schaffland and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissertation at hand is divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 presents an impact evaluation of a widely spread conditional cash transfer in Brazil called Bolsa Família. We analyze the impacts of the program on two educational outcomes: enrollment and attendance. In our analysis we consider the heterogeneous effects of the program. Chapter 2 and 3 study the influence of leaders identity on the group dynamics. Chapter 2 focuses on the effect of leaders identity on cooperation while Chapter 3 studies the dynamics of embezzlement or what we call elite capture. Chapter 1 conducts an imp...
Download or read book PROGRESA and Its Impacts on the Welfare of Rural Households in Mexico written by Emmanuel Skoufias and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PROGRESA is one of the Mexican government's major programs aimed at developing the human capital of poor households. In early 1998, IFPRI was asked to assist Mexico's government to determine if PROGRESA was functioning as it was intended to. This research report synthesizes IFPRI's findings about PROGRESA's impact and operation. The majority of IFPRI's findings suggest that PROGRESA's combination of education, health, and nutrition interventions into one integrated package has had a significant positive impact on the welfare and human capital of poor rural families. The report will interest researchers, policymakers, and advisers seeking a better sense of the basic elements of a program that can be effective in alleviating poverty in the short and long run.
Download or read book From Evidence to Action written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-10-18 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cash transfers have become a key social protection tool in developing countries and have expanded dramatically in the last two decades. However, the impacts of cash transfers programmes, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, have not been substantially documented. This book presents a detailed overview of the impact evaluations of these programmes, carried out by the Transfer Project and FAO’s From Protection to Production project. The 14 chapters include a review of eight country case studies: Kenya, Ghana, Ethiopia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, as well as a description of the innovative research methodologies, political economy issues and good practices to design cash transfer programmes. The key objective of the book is to enhance the understanding of these development programmes, how they lead to a broad range of social and productive impacts and also of the role of programme evaluation in the process of developing policies and implementing programmes.
Download or read book Sustainable Development written by Sally Sargeant-Hu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis investigates how the Brazilian conditional cash transfer program, Bolsa Família, contributes to sustainable development through education. Using panel analysis of high school test scores for over 5,000 municipalities from 2004 to 2014, I discuss the impacts that Bolsa Família is having upon sustainable development. In light of the UNs new Sustainable Development Goals, actionable knowledge of the sustainability of human development through Bolsa Família is needed to assess how viable cash conditional transfer programs are as an innovative policy option around the world. My results conclude that Família is contributing to sustainable human development and this thesis demonstrates that high quality municipal-level management is essential for the long-term effectiveness of the cash conditional transfer program."--Boise State University ScholarWorks.
Download or read book Achieving Universal Primary Education by 2015 written by Barbara Bruns and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This book seeks to provide answers to the following questions: Where do we stand today in relation to the target of universal primary completion? Is universal primary completion achievable by 2015? What would he required to achieve it? The book includes a CD-ROM containing a "hands-on" version of the simulation model developed by the authors and all of the background data used.
Download or read book Educational Performance of the Poor written by Ralph W. Harbison and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education policy of developing nations is often viewed as a choice between equal access for all students and quality of schools. This work proposes that such a dichotomy may be artificial. The research shows that improving the quality of education could lead to efficiency gains, sometimes large enough to offset the costs of such innovations. Using data collected over seven years in rural northeast Brazil, this quantitative assessment of educational performance and school promotion in primary schools uniquely addresses important policy concerns facing developing countries.
Download or read book Diffusion of Good Government written by Natasha Borges Sugiyama and published by University of Notre Dame Pess. This book was released on 2012-12-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most fundamental questions for social scientists involves diffusion events; simply put, how do ideas spread and why do people embrace them? In Diffusion of Good Government: Social Sector Reforms in Brazil, Natasha Borges Sugiyama examines why innovations spread across political territories and what motivates politicians to adopt them. Sugiyama does so from the vantage point of Brazilian politics, a home to innovative social sector reforms intended to provide the poor with access to state resources. Since the late 1980s, the country has undergone major policy transformations as local governments have gained political, fiscal, and administrative autonomy. For the poor and other vulnerable groups, local politics holds special importance: municipal authorities provide essential basic services necessary for their survival, including social assistance, education, and health care. Brazil, with over 5,000 municipalities with a wide variety of political cultures and degrees of poverty, thus provides ample opportunities to examine the spread of innovative programs to assist such groups. Sugiyama delves into the politics of social sector reforms by examining the motivations for emulating well-regarded programs. To uncover the mechanisms of diffusion, her analysis contrasts three paradigmatic models for how individuals choose to allocate resources: by advancing political self-interest to gain electoral victories; by pursuing their ideological commitments for social justice; or by seeking to demonstrate adherence to the professional norms of their fields. Drawing on a mixed-method approach that includes extensive field research and statistical analysis on the spread of model programs in education (especially Bolsa Escola, a school grant program) and health (Programa Saúde da Família, a family health program), she concludes that ideological convictions and professional norms were the main reasons why mayors adopted these programs, with electoral incentives playing a negligible role.
Download or read book Does Poverty Matter for Education written by Armando A. Simões and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-28 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does poverty matter for educational outcomes? If yes, does it mean that increasing family income to fight extreme poverty will benefit children's education? What direct benefits conditional cash transfer programmes (CCT) can bring to the education of the poorest? These are some of the questions that motivated the study now brought to a wider audience in this book. Created in 2004, Bolsa Familia is now, by far, the largest CCT programme in the world reaching 14 million families, 50 million people and costing around 10 billion dollars a year. By transferring monthly cash to poor families conditional on school attendance and health assistance for their children, Bolsa Familia is expected to improve human capital amongst low income families and therefore avoid mass poverty in the long run. However, to achieve its long-term objective Bolsa Familia should improve not only enrolment and attendance rates, but also learning outcomes and grade promotion amongst beneficiary children. Is this happening? This book offers to policymakers, researchers and the general public interested in education and poverty related issues some evidence on why fighting poverty is crucial for educational equity.
