Download or read book When I m 64 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals.
Download or read book Stereotypes and Human Rights Law written by Eva Brems and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereotypes are beliefs about groups of people. Some examples, taken from human rights case law, are the notions that 'Roma are thieves', 'women are responsible for childcare', and 'people with a mental disability are incapable of forming political opinions'. Increasingly, human rights monitoring bodies including the European and inter-American human rights courts, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, and the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination voice concerns about stereotyping and warn States not to enforce harmful stereotypes. Human rights bodies thus appear to be starting to realise what social psychologists discovered a long time ago: that stereotypes underlie inequality and discrimination. Despite their relevance and their legal momentum, however, stereotypes have so far received little attention from human rights law scholars. This volume is the first one to broadly analyse stereotypes as a human rights issue. The scope of the book includes different stereotyping grounds such as race, gender, and disability. Moreover, this book examines stereotyping approaches across a broad range of supranational human rights monitoring bodies, including the United Nations human rights treaty system as well as the regional systems that are most developed when it comes to addressing stereotypes: the Council of Europe and the inter-American system.
Download or read book Whistling Vivaldi And Other Clues to How Stereotypes Affect Us Issues of Our Time written by Claude M. Steele and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The acclaimed social psychologist offers an insider’s look at his research and groundbreaking findings on stereotypes and identity. Claude M. Steele, who has been called “one of the few great social psychologists,” offers a vivid first-person account of the research that supports his groundbreaking conclusions on stereotypes and identity. He sheds new light on American social phenomena from racial and gender gaps in test scores to the belief in the superior athletic prowess of black men, and lays out a plan for mitigating these “stereotype threats” and reshaping American identities.
Download or read book The Human Stereotypes written by Valentin Matcas and published by Valentin Leonard Matcas. This book was released on 1900 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereotypes are adopted, imprinted knowledge and impressions that you have about specific types of people and about specific ways of thinking and doing things. More precisely, stereotypes are socially imprinted knowledge, helping you fulfill your needs, knowledge that you acquire and propagate directly or implicitly. When they are successful and in demand, stereotypes propagate themselves to all individuals of any group, and then to all interacting groups, offering to people the possibility of sharing all the necessary subconscious successful information needed throughout fulfillment, and offering the subconscious information needed in coping with society and with the environment, fulfilling needs, and overcoming problems. Stereotypes offer you a way to do things, mostly subconsciously, anything that anyone does, anything necessary for you, anything successful. Even more, all stereotypes offer you accurate ways of fulfilling needs, only that these specific ways may or may not be efficient, harmless, legal, or moral. Yet they work for others and for you, and therefore you manage in this manner to fulfill your lower level needs, through stereotypes, and not through your own reasoning. Yet you are always in control of your decisions, rationally or stereotypically, and therefore you may choose to have an accurate, accepted moral behavior, or a stereotypical one instead, based on everything good and bad that you learn knowingly or unknowingly from your colleagues and friends. Throughout this book, you understand how stereotypes integrate within your cognitive system, how you acquire stereotypes and how you imprint them in those around, how society uses stereotypes to manage your thinking and behavior, and how you may identify, discard, modify, or adjust your stereotypes, increasing your accuracy and success throughout life.
Download or read book Stereotype Threat written by Michael Inzlicht and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 21st century has brought with it unparalleled levels of diversity in the classroom and the workforce. It is now common to see in elementary school, high school, and university classrooms, not to mention boardrooms and factory floors, a mixture of ethnicities, races, genders, and religious affiliations. But these changes in academic and economic opportunities have not directly translated into an elimination of group disparities in academic performance, career opportunities, and levels of advancement. Standard explanations for these disparities, which are vehemently debated in the scientific community and popular press, range from the view that women and minorities are genetically endowed with inferior abilities to the view that members of these demographic groups are products of environments that frustrate the development of the skills needed for success. Although these explanations differ along a continuum of nature vs. nurture, they share in common a presumption that a large chunk of our population lacks the potential to achieve academic and career success.In contrast to intractable factors like biology or upbringing, the research summarized in this book suggests that factors in one's immediate situation play a critical yet underappreciated role in temporarily suppressing the intellectual performance of women and minorities, creating an illusion of group differences in ability. Research conducted over the course of the last fifteen years suggests the mere existence of cultural stereotypes that assert the intellectual inferiority of these groups creates a threatening intellectual environment for stigmatized individuals - a climate where anything they say or do is interpreted through the lens of low expectations. This stereotype threat can ultimately interfere with intellectual functioning and academic engagement, setting the stage for later differences in educational attainment, career choice, and job advancement.
Download or read book Gender Stereotyping written by Rebecca J. Cook and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2011-07-19 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on domestic and international law, as well as on judgments given by courts and human rights treaty bodies, Gender Stereotyping offers perspectives on ways gender stereotypes might be eliminated through the transnational legal process in order to ensure women's equality and the full exercise of their human rights. A leading international framework for debates on the subject of stereotypes, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, was adopted in 1979 by the UN General Assembly and defines what constitutes discrimination against women. It also establishes an agenda to eliminate discrimination in all its forms in order to ensure substantive equality for women. Applying the Convention as the primary framework for analysis, this book provides essential strategies for eradicating gender stereotyping. Its proposed methodology requires naming operative gender stereotypes, identifying how they violate the human rights of women, and articulating states' obligations to eliminate and remedy these violations. According to Rebecca J. Cook and Simone Cusack, in order to abolish all forms of discrimination against women, priority needs to be given to the elimination of gender stereotypes. While stereotypes affect both men and women, they can have particularly egregious effects on women, often devaluing them and assigning them to subservient roles in society. As the legal perspectives offered in Gender Stereotyping demonstrate, treating women according to restrictive generalizations instead of their individual needs, abilities, and circumstances denies women their human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Download or read book Psychology and History written by Cristian Tileagă and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-20 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the relationship between psychology and history, this book considers how the disciplines could benefit from a closer dialogue.
Download or read book Stereotyping and Prejudice written by Daniel Bar-Tal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of stereotyping and prejudice is a study of human nature, group mem bership, and intergroup relationships. It sheds light on each of these aspects of social psychology. With respect to the first two, it has been observed that since groups provide the best framework for satisfying various human needs, individuals continuously organize themselves in collectives. They belong to a variety of groups-many of which they voluntarily select and some to which they are ascribed. Group membership, therefore, is one of the most salient and important of an indi vidual's characteristics. The implication of this characteristic is that human beings not only constantly classify other people into group categories, either by identifying membership or constructing their own categories, but also judge and evaluate them on this basis. The stereotypes and prejudice are outcomes of this process. They are the beliefs and attitudes toward members of another group. In addition, the study of stereotyping and prejudice reflects an interest in inter group relationships. While we recognize that a discussion of intergroup relation ships may focus on behaviors describing actions such as confrontations, violence, wars, cooperation, alliance, negotiation, or coordination, we also believe that each of these intergroup behaviors is mediated by perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes. In the case of intergroup behaviors, the listed actions are not performed instinctively or mindlessly, but are preceded by cognitive processes which, among other outputs, involve the formation of stereotypes and prejudice toward the other group.
Download or read book Stereotypes and the Construction of the Social World written by Perry R. Hinton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereotypes and the Construction of the Social World explores the complexity of stereotypes, guiding the reader through issues of definition and theoretical explanations from psychology and other disciplines. The book examines why people use stereotypes, which have often been represented as inaccurate, rigid and discriminatory. If that is what they are, then why would people employ such ‘faulty’ or ‘biased’ views of others? Whilst this book presents a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the psychological research into the individual use of stereotypes, it also presents this research within its ideological and historical context, revealing the important sociocultural factors in what we mean by ‘stereotypes’. From the politics of representation and inter-group power relations, alongside individual social cognitive issues, the book provides a comprehensive and cross-disciplinary account of stereotypes and stereotyping. Featuring a wealth of real-world examples, it will be essential reading for all students and researchers of stereotypes.
Download or read book This Is Your Brain on Stereotypes written by Tanya Lloyd Kyi and published by Kids Can Press Ltd. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the science behind stereotypes. From the time we’re babies, our brains sort and label the world around us — a necessary skill for survival. But there’s a downside: we also do it to groups of people in ways that can be harmful. With loads of examples, here’s a scientific overview of stereotyping, covering the history of identifying stereotypes, secret biases in our brains, how stereotypes affect our sense of self, and current research into the ways that science can help us overcome them. Adolescents are all too familiar with stereotypes. Here’s why our brains create stereotypes, and how science can help us do it less.
Download or read book Aging and Disability written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many different groups of people are subject to stereotypes. Positive stereotypes (e.g., "older and wiser") may provide a benefit to the relevant groups. However, negative stereotypes of aging and of disability continue to persist and, in some cases, remain socially acceptable. Research has shown that when exposed to negative images of aging, older persons demonstrate poor physical and cognitive performance and function, while those who are exposed to positive images of aging (or who have positive self-perceptions of aging) demonstrate better performance and function. Furthermore, an individual's expectations about and perceptions of aging can predict future health outcomes. To better understand how stereotypes affect older adults and individuals with disabilities, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, with support from AARP, convened a public workshop on October 10, 2017. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book Stereotypes as Explanations written by Craig McGarty and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-08-08 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereotyping is one of the biggest single issues in social psychology, but relatively little is known about how and why stereotypes form. This is the first book to explore the process of stereotype formation, the way that people develop impressions and views of social groups. Conventional approaches to stereotyping assume that stereotypes are based on erroneous and distorted processes, but the authors of this book take a very different view, namely that stereotypes form in order to explain aspects of social groups and in particular to explain relationships between groups.
Download or read book Stereotype Dynamics written by Yoshihisa Kashima and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the role of communication in stereotype dynamics, while placing the phenomenon of social stereotypes appropriately in the socio-cultural context. Stereotype Dynamics assembles top researchers in the field to investigate stereotype formation, maintenance, and transformation through interpersonal facets of communication. Section one presents meta-theoretical perspectives, strongly informed by theories and empirical research. Subsequent parts address the following research questions in the perspectives of language-based communication: What do the signs in a language mean, and how do the meanings of the signs shape stereotypes? How do people use those signs intentionally or unintentionally? Is language use biased in some way? How do language users' identities affect the meaning of a particular language use in social context? What are the social consequences of language-based communication? Does language-based communication provide a basis for the formation, maintenance, and transformation or social stereotypes? This timely book is ideal for advanced students, scholars, and researchers in social psychology, and related disciplines such as human communications and sociolinguistics. It is also appropriate for use as a supplement in upper level courses on prejudice and stereotyping.
Download or read book Stereotype Accuracy written by Yueh-Ting Lee and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 1995 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This provocative book challenges conventional thinking that stereotypes are always inaccurate, exaggerated, and generally destructive by daring to look at stereotyping empirically. The chapters provide insights into how stereotyping may help us manage information without necessarily being destructive. They also unearth the complex cognitive and attitudinal processes that underlie stereotyping, so we may harness these processes to better understand group differences and to promote greater respect for those we see as different from ourselves.
Download or read book Typecasting written by Stuart Ewen and published by Seven Stories Press. This book was released on 2011-01-04 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Typecasting chronicles the emergence of the "science of first impression" and reveals how the work of its creators—early social scientists—continues to shape how we see the world and to inform our most fundamental and unconscious judgments of beauty, humanity, and degeneracy. In this groundbreaking exploration of the growth of stereotyping amidst the rise of modern society, authors Ewen & Ewen demonstrate "typecasting" as a persistent cultural practice. Drawing on fields as diverse as history, pop culture, racial science, and film, and including over one hundred images, many published here for the first time, the authors present a vivid portrait of stereotyping as it was forged by colonialism, industrialization, mass media, urban life, and the global economy.
Download or read book Stereotype Dynamics written by Yoshihisa Kashima and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2008 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the role of communication in stereotype dynamics, while placing the phenomenon of social stereotypes appropriately in the socio-cultural context. Stereotype Dynamics assembles top researchers in the field to investigate stereotype formation, maintenance, and transformation through interpersonal facets of communication. Section one presents meta-theoretical perspectives, strongly informed by theories and empirical research. Subsequent parts address the following research questions in the perspectives of language-based communication: What do the signs in a language mean, and how do the meanings of the signs shape stereotypes? How do people use those signs intentionally or unintentionally? Is language use biased in some way? How do language users' identities affect the meaning of a particular language use in social context? What are the social consequences of language-based communication? Does language-based communication provide a basis for the formation, maintenance, and transformation or social stereotypes? This timely book is ideal for advanced students, scholars, and researchers in social psychology, and related disciplines such as human communications and sociolinguistics. It is also appropriate for use as a supplement in upper level courses on prejudice and stereotyping.
Download or read book The Cinderella Complex written by Colette Dowling and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Cinderella Complex" offers women a real opportunity to achieve the emotional independence that means so much more than a new job or a new love. It can help you no matter what your age or your goals. You cannot read it without changing the way you think - and maybe the way you live.
