Download or read book The Human Lung Viral Microbiome in Health and Disease written by Arwa Abbas and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vast and diverse microbial communities (the microbiome) are distinct at different human body sites and strongly influence health and disease. Specifically, the respiratory tract microbiome is thought to influence outcomes after lung transplantation, the only therapeutic option for end-stage lung diseases. Studies dissecting the role of the microbiome on pulmonary health should also include the viral microbiome (virome), which is less-studied due to unique challenges in identifying these small, diverse, self-replicating genetic elements. Organ transplantation is accompanied by immunosuppression, which can result in reactivation of latent viruses, transfer of viruses from organ donor to recipient, and increased susceptibility to viral infections. We therefore used high-throughput metagenomic approaches to study the virome of lung transplant recipients (LTRs). We first characterized the virome in LTRs and its relationship to clinically defined adverse events. We discovered that a family of eukaryotic viruses (Anelloviridae) is abundant in the lung and blood of LTRs and that their levels in the lungs were associated with primary graft dysfunction, a form of acute lung injury. Next, we investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of the virome during lung transplantation and identified herpesviruses, parvoviruses, polyomaviruses, bacteriophage and complex anellovirus populations. We focused on the abundant anelloviruses by assembling genomes from shotgun metagenomic sequences and tracking their representation in the lung and blood of LTRs post-transplantation using a metric that accounts for inter-and intra-subject viral diversity. This analysis revealed that anellovirus populations move between lung allografts and the peripheral blood of LTRs. However, many uncharacterized sequences still existed in the metagenomic data generated in these studies. To address this, we developed a molecular and bioinformatics pipeline to mine public datasets and discovered a novel family of small, circular DNA viruses (Redondoviridae). Quantification of redondoviruses in human oro-respiratory samples showed an association with periodontal disease and acute illness. Overall, this work helps define the virome during lung transplantation and introduces a new family of human viruses, broadly demonstrating the importance of exploring the human virome.
Download or read book Microbiome in Inflammatory Lung Diseases written by Gaurav Gupta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-25 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the role of the lung microbiome in the development and progression of lung diseases. It deals with the role of microbiota dysbiosis in influencing host defense and immunity leading to resistance, colonization, and disease exacerbation. The book delineates the complex interaction between pathogen and lung residual microbiota during disease conditions. It further highlights the potential role of lung microbiota as the key modulator of lung carcinogenesis and immune response against cancer cells. Lastly, it reviews technological developments for unraveling the lung microbiome that profoundly impacts clinical diagnostics. This book is an essential resource for the scientists working in pulmonary diseases, pharmaceutical & clinical sciences, and pulmonary clinicians.
Download or read book Respiratory Microbiome in Health and Disease written by Jianmin Chai and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-12-19 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Lung Microbiome written by Michael J. Cox and published by European Respiratory Society. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studying the lung microbiome requires a specialist approach to sampling, laboratory techniques and statistical analysis. This Monograph introduces the techniques used and discusses how respiratory sampling, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics and the application of ecological theory can be used to examine the respiratory microbiome. It examines the different components of the respiratory microbiome: viruses and fungi in addition to the more frequently studied bacteria. It also considers a range of contexts from the paediatric microbiome and how this develops to disease of all ages including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic suppurative lung diseases, interstitial lung diseases, acquired pneumonias, transplantation, cancer and HIV, and the interaction of the respiratory microbiome and the environment.
Download or read book The Human Respiratory Tract Microbiome in Health and Disease written by Emily Sarah Charlson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbiome in Human Health and Disease written by Pallaval Veera Bramhachari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-18 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an overview on how the microbiome contributes to human health and disease. The microbiome has also become a burgeoning field of research in medicine, agriculture & environment. The readers will obtain profound knowledge on the connection between intestinal microbiota and immune defense systems, medicine, agriculture & environment. The book may address several researchers, clinicians and scholars working in biomedicine, microbiology and immunology. The application of new technologies has no doubt revolutionized the research initiatives providing new insights into the dynamics of these complex microbial communities and their role in medicine, agriculture & environment shall be more emphasized. Drawing on broad range concepts of disciplines and model systems, this book primarily provides a conceptual framework for understanding these human-microbe, animal-microbe & plant-microbe, interactions while shedding critical light on the scientific challenges that lie ahead. Furthermore this book explains why microbiome research demands a creative and interdisciplinary thinking—the capacity to combine microbiology with human, animal and plant physiology, ecological theory with immunology, and evolutionary perspectives with metabolic science.This book provides an accessible and authoritative guide to the fundamental principles of microbiome science, an exciting and fast-emerging new discipline that is reshaping many aspects of the life sciences. These microbial partners can also drive ecologically important traits, from thermal tolerance to diet in a typical immune system, and have contributed to animal and plant diversification over long evolutionary timescales. Also this book explains why microbiome research presents a more complete picture of the biology of humans and other animals, and how it can deliver novel therapies for human health and new strategies.
Download or read book Environmental Chemicals the Human Microbiome and Health Risk written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great number of diverse microorganisms inhabit the human body and are collectively referred to as the human microbiome. Until recently, the role of the human microbiome in maintaining human health was not fully appreciated. Today, however, research is beginning to elucidate associations between perturbations in the human microbiome and human disease and the factors that might be responsible for the perturbations. Studies have indicated that the human microbiome could be affected by environmental chemicals or could modulate exposure to environmental chemicals. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk presents a research strategy to improve our understanding of the interactions between environmental chemicals and the human microbiome and the implications of those interactions for human health risk. This report identifies barriers to such research and opportunities for collaboration, highlights key aspects of the human microbiome and its relation to health, describes potential interactions between environmental chemicals and the human microbiome, reviews the risk-assessment framework and reasons for incorporating chemicalâ€"microbiome interactions.
Download or read book The Chemistry of Microbiomes written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-19 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 21st century has witnessed a complete revolution in the understanding and description of bacteria in eco- systems and microbial assemblages, and how they are regulated by complex interactions among microbes, hosts, and environments. The human organism is no longer considered a monolithic assembly of tissues, but is instead a true ecosystem composed of human cells, bacteria, fungi, algae, and viruses. As such, humans are not unlike other complex ecosystems containing microbial assemblages observed in the marine and earth environments. They all share a basic functional principle: Chemical communication is the universal language that allows such groups to properly function together. These chemical networks regulate interactions like metabolic exchange, antibiosis and symbiosis, and communication. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Chemical Sciences Roundtable organized a series of four seminars in the autumn of 2016 to explore the current advances, opportunities, and challenges toward unveiling this "chemical dark matter" and its role in the regulation and function of different ecosystems. The first three focused on specific ecosystemsâ€"earth, marine, and humanâ€"and the last on all microbiome systems. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the seminars.
Download or read book The Human Microbiome Diet and Health written by Food Forum and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Food Forum convened a public workshop on February 22-23, 2012, to explore current and emerging knowledge of the human microbiome, its role in human health, its interaction with the diet, and the translation of new research findings into tools and products that improve the nutritional quality of the food supply. The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health: Workshop Summary summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. Over the two day workshop, several themes covered included: The microbiome is integral to human physiology, health, and disease. The microbiome is arguably the most intimate connection that humans have with their external environment, mostly through diet. Given the emerging nature of research on the microbiome, some important methodology issues might still have to be resolved with respect to undersampling and a lack of causal and mechanistic studies. Dietary interventions intended to have an impact on host biology via their impact on the microbiome are being developed, and the market for these products is seeing tremendous success. However, the current regulatory framework poses challenges to industry interest and investment.
Download or read book Microbiomes of the Built Environment written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People's desire to understand the environments in which they live is a natural one. People spend most of their time in spaces and structures designed, built, and managed by humans, and it is estimated that people in developed countries now spend 90 percent of their lives indoors. As people move from homes to workplaces, traveling in cars and on transit systems, microorganisms are continually with and around them. The human-associated microbes that are shed, along with the human behaviors that affect their transport and removal, make significant contributions to the diversity of the indoor microbiome. The characteristics of "healthy" indoor environments cannot yet be defined, nor do microbial, clinical, and building researchers yet understand how to modify features of indoor environmentsâ€"such as building ventilation systems and the chemistry of building materialsâ€"in ways that would have predictable impacts on microbial communities to promote health and prevent disease. The factors that affect the environments within buildings, the ways in which building characteristics influence the composition and function of indoor microbial communities, and the ways in which these microbial communities relate to human health and well-being are extraordinarily complex and can be explored only as a dynamic, interconnected ecosystem by engaging the fields of microbial biology and ecology, chemistry, building science, and human physiology. This report reviews what is known about the intersection of these disciplines, and how new tools may facilitate advances in understanding the ecosystem of built environments, indoor microbiomes, and effects on human health and well-being. It offers a research agenda to generate the information needed so that stakeholders with an interest in understanding the impacts of built environments will be able to make more informed decisions.
Download or read book The Human Microbiota in Health and Disease written by Mike Wilson and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 1043 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A human being consists of a mammalian component and a multiplicity of microbes, collectively referred to as the "microbiota" or "microbiome," with which it has a symbiotic relationship. The microbiota is comprised of a variety of communities, the composition of each being dependent on the body site it inhabits. This community variation arises because the numerous locations on a human being provide very different environments, each of which favors the establishment of a distinct microbial community. Each community consists of bacteria, fungi and viruses with, in some cases, archaea and/or protozoa. It is increasingly being recognized that the indigenous microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the health of its human host. However, changes in the overall composition of a microbial community at a body site, or an increase in the proportion of a particular species in that community, can result in disease or other adverse consequences for the host. The Human Microbiota in Health and Disease: An Ecological and Community-Based Approach describes the nature of the various communities inhabiting humans as well as the important roles they play in human health and disease. It discusses techniques used to determine microbial community composition and features a chapter devoted to the many factors that underlie this mammalian–microbe symbiosis. Uniquely, the book adopts an ecological approach to examining the microbial community’s composition at a particular body site and why certain factors can shift a community from a eubiotic to a dysbiotic state. The book is for undergraduates and postgraduates on courses with a module on the indigenous microbiota of humans. It will also be useful to scientists, clinicians, and others seeking information on the human microbiota and its role in health and disease.
Download or read book The Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease written by Dirk Haller and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an overview on how the gut microbiome contributes to human health. The readers will get profound knowledge on the connection between intestinal microbiota and immune defense systems. The tools of choice to study the ecology of these highly-specialized microorganism communities such as high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic mining will be presented. In addition the most common diseases associated to the composition of the gut flora are discussed in detail. The book will address researchers, clinicians and advanced students working in biomedicine, microbiology and immunology.
Download or read book Human Microbes The Power Within written by Vasu D. Appanna and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-05 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a unique perspective on the invisible organ, a body part that has been visualized only recently. It guides the readers into the world of the microbial constituents that make humans the way they are. The vitamins they produce, the smell they generate, the signals they create, and the molecular guards they elaborate are some of the benefits they bestow on humans. After introducing the notion as to why microbes are an integral component in the development of humans, the book examines the genesis of the microbiome and describes how the resident bacteria work in partnership with the skin, digestive tract, sexual organs, mouth and lungs to execute vital physiological functions. It then discusses the diseases that are triggered by the disruption of the harmonious relationships amongst these diverse systems and provides microbial cures to ailments such as obesity and digestive complications. Finally, the book focuses on the future when the workings of the human microbes will be fully unravelled. Societal changes in health education, the establishment of the microbiome bank, the fight against hunger, space travel, designer traits and enhanced security are explained. Each chapter is accompanied by captivating illustrations and ends with a visual summary. Dr. Appanna has been researching for over 30 years on various aspects of microbial and human cellular systems. He is a professor of biochemistry and has also served as Department Chair and Dean of the Faculty at Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada. The book is aimed at readers enrolled in medical, chiropractic, nursing, pharmacy, and health science programs. Practicing health-care professionals and continuing education learners will also find the content beneficial.
Download or read book The Human Microbiota written by David N. Fredricks and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Human Microbiota offers a comprehensive review of all human-associated microbial niches in a single volume, focusing on what modern tools in molecular microbiology are revealing about human microbiota, and how specific microbial communities can be associated with either beneficial effects or diseases. An excellent resource for microbiologists, physicians, infectious disease specialists, and others in the field, the book describes the latest research findings and evaluates the most innovative research approaches and technologies. Perspectives from pioneers in human microbial ecology are provided throughout.
Download or read book Microbiology A Very Short Introduction written by Nicholas P. Money and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-12-04 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades we have come to realize that the microbial world is hugely diverse, and can be found in the most extreme environments. Fungi, single-celled protists, bacteria, archaea, and the vast array of viruses and sub-viral particles far outnumber plants and animals. Microbes, we now know, play a critical role in ecosystems, in the chemistry of atmosphere and oceans, and within our bodies. The field of microbiology, armed with new techniques from molecular biology, is now one of the most vibrant in the life sciences. In this Very Short Introduction Nicholas P. Money explores not only the traditional methods of microscopy and laboratory culture but also the modern techniques of genetic detection and DNA sequencing, genomic analysis, and genetic manipulation. In turn he demonstrates how advances in microbiology have had a tremendous impact on the areas of medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Download or read book Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia written by Jordi Rello and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-06-30 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia is a book in which chapters are authored and the same topics discussed by North American and European experts. This approach provides a unique opportunity to view the different perspectives and points of view on this subject. Severe CAP is a common clinical problem encountered in the ICU setting. This book reviews topics concerning the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of SCAP. The discussions on the role of alcohol in severe CAP and adjunctive therapies are important topics that further our understanding of this severe respiratory infection.
Download or read book Microbiome Host Interactions written by D. Dhanasekaran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 863 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbiota are a promising and fascinating subject in biology because they integrate the microbial communities in humans, animals, plants, and the environment. In humans, microbiota are associated with the gut, skin, and genital, oral, and respiratory organs. The plant microbial community is referred to as "holobiont," and it is influential in the maintenance and health of plants, which themselves play a role in animal health and the environment. The contents of Microbiome-Host Interactions cover all areas as well as new research trends in the fields of plant, animal, human, and environmental microbiome interactions. The book covers microbiota in polar soil environments, in health and disease, in Caenorhabditis elegans, and in agroecosystems, as well as in rice root and actinorhizal root nodules, speleothems, and marine shallow-water hydrothermal vents. Moreover, this book provides comprehensive accounts of advanced next-generation DNA sequencing, metagenomic techniques, high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, and understanding nucleic acid sequence data from fungal, algal, viral, bacterial, cyanobacterial, actinobacterial, and archaeal communities using QIIME software (Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology). FEATURES Summarizes recent insight in microbiota and host interactions in distinct habitats, including Antarctic, hydrothermal vents, speleothems, oral, skin, gut, feces, reproductive tract, soil, root, root nodules, forests, and mangroves Illustrates the high-throughput amplicon sequencing, computational techniques involved in the microbiota analysis, downstream analysis and visualization, and multivariate analysis commonly used for microbiome analysis Describes probiotics and prebiotics in the composition of the gut microbiota, skin microbiome impact in dermatologic disease prevention, and microbial communities in the reproductive tract of humans and animals Presents information in a reachable way for students, teachers, researchers, microbiologists, computational biologists, and other professionals who are interested in strengthening or enlarging their knowledge about microbiome analysis with next-generation DNA sequencing in the different branches of the sciences
