Download or read book The Hohokam Toltec Connection written by Martha Molitor and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Hohokam Toltec Connection written by Martha Molitor and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toltec Civilization written by Hourly History and published by . This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the remarkable history of the Toltecs...The Toltecs are one of the most mysterious and little understood of all the ancient cultures of Mesoamerica. This culture was venerated by later civilizations such as the Aztecs, and even today, "Toltec knowledge" is used as a kind of shorthand for arcane wisdom from an ancient culture. However, discussing the actual history of the Toltecs is extremely difficult. Much of what we know of these people comes from writings and oral traditions of the Aztecs, as translated and interpreted by European invaders. This Aztec history is so mingled with myth and legend that it is very difficult to discern what may be historical fact. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, most historians seemed to accept that the Toltecs were a distinct and warlike culture centered around the Valley of Mexico who conquered large parts of Mesoamerica. More recently, there has been debate about whether the Toltecs really were a separate culture at all or whether this term should be taken to represent a set of shared ideas and beliefs which permeated several cultures in Mesoamerica around the end of the first millennium. Even now, much of the information about the Toltecs is vague, contradictory, and subject to debate. This is the mysterious, baffling, and ever-changing story of the Toltecs. Discover a plethora of topics such as Origins of the Toltecs The Place of the Reeds Toltec Society and the Cult of Quetzalcoatl The Toltecs and the Maya Decline and Fall And much more! So if you want a concise and informative book on the Toltecs, simply scroll up and click the "Buy now" button for instant access!
Download or read book Hohokam Ballcourts and the Mesoamerican Connection written by David R. Wilcox and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recovering History Constructing Race written by Martha Menchaca and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2002-01-15 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “An unprecedented tour de force . . . [A] sweeping historical overview and interpretation of the racial formation and racial history of Mexican Americans.” —Antonia I. Castañeda, Associate Professor of History, St. Mary’s University Winner, A Choice Outstanding Academic Book The history of Mexican Americans is a history of the intermingling of races—Indian, White, and Black. This racial history underlies a legacy of racial discrimination against Mexican Americans and their Mexican ancestors that stretches from the Spanish conquest to current battles over ending affirmative action and other assistance programs for ethnic minorities. Asserting the centrality of race in Mexican American history, Martha Menchaca here offers the first interpretive racial history of Mexican Americans, focusing on racial foundations and race relations from preHispanic times to the present. Menchaca uses the concept of racialization to describe the process through which Spanish, Mexican, and U.S. authorities constructed racial status hierarchies that marginalized Mexicans of color and restricted their rights of land ownership. She traces this process from the Spanish colonial period and the introduction of slavery through racial laws affecting Mexican Americans into the late twentieth-century. This re-viewing of familiar history through the lens of race recovers Blacks as important historical actors, links Indians and the mission system in the Southwest to the Mexican American present, and reveals the legal and illegal means by which Mexican Americans lost their land grants. “Martha Menchaca has begun an intellectual insurrection by challenging the pristine aboriginal origins of Mexican Americans as historically inaccurate . . . Menchaca revisits the process of racial formation in the northern part of Greater Mexico from the Spanish conquest to the present.” —Hispanic American Historical Review
Download or read book The Olmec and Toltec written by Charles River Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Describes the history, culture, and architecture of the two groups *Includes a bibliography for further reading The Olmec people are widely recognized as the first major civilization of Mexico and are thus generally regarded as the mother civilization of Mesoamerica, making them the people from which all subsequent Mesoamerican cultures derived. In fact, the term Olmec is thought to have originated with the Aztec people, as Olmec in their Nahuatl language means "the rubber people," a reference to the inhabitants of the land from which they accessed rubber. By and large, the Olmec culture is perhaps best identifiable by their so-called colossal heads, mammoth basalt head-statues wearing helmet-like headdresses found throughout Olmec habitation sites. Around 2500 B.C., the Olmec settled primarily along Mexico's Gulf Coast in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico (in the modern-day States of Veracruz and Tabasco), and they flourished during North America's Prehistoric Indian Formative period from about 1700-400 B.C. Their direct cultural contributions were still evident as late as 300 A.D. Among Mesoamerican scholars, the Formative period is subdivided into the Preclassic (Olmec period), Classic (Maya period), and Postclassic (Toltec and Aztec periods). The Olmec's agricultural abilities sustained them and ensured their power and influence for over a millennium. They produced corn/maize, squash, and other plant foods in such quantities that they were afforded the manpower to build great monuments and ceremonial centers to further promote their cultural identity. From a cultural standpoint, their pyramids, open plazas, their ballgame, and possibly even centers of human sacrifice are thought to have established the societal model that subsequent societies like the Maya, Zapotec, Teotihuacano, Toltec, Mixtec, and Aztec would emulate. In the same vein, some scholars believe that they also affected the cultural development of the Native American groups of the United States and those of Central and South America as well. Proving to be one the most enduring models ever, the religious and cultural structure the Olmec established held reign for over 3,000 years, and it would likely have endured much longer without the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors. The Toltec are one of the most famous Mesoamerican groups in South America, but they are also the most controversial and mysterious. The Toltec have been identified as the group that established a strong state centered in Tula (in present-day Mexico), and the Aztec claimed the Toltec as their cultural predecessors, so much so that the word Toltec comes from the Aztec's word Toltecatl, translated as artisan. The Aztec also kept track of the Toltec's history, including keeping a list of important rulers and events, that suggest the peak of the Toltec occurred from about 900-1100 A.D. While scholars continue to debate whether the Toltec were an actual historical group, there is an added layer of mystery to the fact that the settlement at Tula has a lot in common with the famous Mayan settlement at Chichén Itzá. The architecture and art at both sites are so similar that archaeologists and anthropologists have assumed they had the same cultural influences, even as historians struggle to determine the historical timelines, and thus whether Tula influenced Chichén Itzá or vice versa. The Olmec and Toltec: The History of Early Mesoamerica's Most Influential Cultures comprehensively covers the history, culture, and lingering mysteries behind the Olmec and Toltec. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about the two groups like you never have before.
Download or read book The Toltec Civilization written by Enthralling History and published by . This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This easy-to-read, comprehensive, and engaging history of the Toltec Civilization brings you into the world of little-known, inspiring stories and cultures of these legendary people.
Download or read book The World in the Year 1000 written by James Heitzman and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 2004 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World in the Year 1000 is organized in four thematic sections covering five world regions: Europe, the Islamic world, India, China, and Mesoamerica. All contributions in this volume are original works by many of today's leading scholars.
Download or read book Global History Antquity 5000 b c e to 400s c e written by David W. Del Testa and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains primary source material.
Download or read book The Great American Desert written by Jon Manchip White and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-01-15 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1977, The Great American Desert presents a comprehensive overview of the life, history, and landscape of the American Southwest. The Great American desert encompasses the finest land, the biggest Canyon, the highest mountains, the driest deserts, the hottest valley, the oldest towns and the richest mines in the country. Its history is ancient and varied- the Aztec and Mayan civilizations, the Pueblo life, the Spanish and their influence, the Indians and the very type of Southwesterners who have taken up residence during the past century. Jon Manchip White, a Welshman, is one of the region's most recent residents. He has lived there for seven years, look stranger and grown to appreciate it with loving familiarity. He has seen beyond the subtle malignancies of civilization-the billboards, fast food places, tourist traps and the average American’s curious horror of the big outdoors. Indeed, he finds in this finely integrated account of the history and topography of a huge area of land signs that at times nature is winning the fight against man. This book ranges far beyond scenic wonders. The author is equally concerned with men who moved across this spectacular landscape, and who inhabit it now; men famous for a strange diversity of achievement-Coronado and D. H. Lawrence, Geronimo and Billy the Kid, as well as the migrants and desert dwellers of today. This fascinating book is a must read for anyone interested in America’s Southwest.
Download or read book Culture and Contact written by Anne I. Woosley and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this volume are the result of a seminar examining Di Peso's theories about contact, conquest, and culture change. Gumerman, Riley, and McGuire begin with biographical studies. Essays by Doyel and Braniff cover the two major subregions with which Di Peso was most concerned. The remaining chapters are devoted to new studies influenced by Di Peso's original investigations at Casas Grandes and include essays by Dean and Ravesloot, Woosley, Olinger, Doolittle, Breitburg, Nelson, and Weigand.
Download or read book The World s Greatest Civilizations written by Charles River Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-02-28 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures depicting important people, places, and events. *Includes a bibliography for further reading. The Toltec are one of the most famous Mesoamerican groups in South America, but they are also the most controversial and mysterious. The Toltec have been identified as the group that established a strong state centered in Tula (in present-day Mexico), and the Aztec claimed the Toltec as their cultural predecessors, so much so that the word Toltec comes from the Aztec's word Toltecatl, translated as artisan. The Aztec also kept track of the Toltec's history, including keeping a list of important rulers and events, that suggest the peak of the Toltec occurred from about 900-1100 A.D. From the moment Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes first found and confronted them, the Aztecs have fascinated the world, and they continue to hold a unique place both culturally and in pop culture. Nearly 500 years after the Spanish conquered their mighty empire, the Aztecs are often remembered today for their major capital, Tenochtitlan, as well as being fierce conquerors of the Valley of Mexico who often engaged in human sacrifice rituals. Ironically, and unlike the Mayans, the Aztecs are not widely viewed or remembered with nuance, in part because their own leader burned extant Aztec writings and rewrote a mythologized history explaining his empire's dominance less than a century before the Spanish arrived. Thus, even as historians have had to rely on Aztec accounts to trace the history and culture of the Toltec, they have had to deal with the fact that the evidence is fragmentary and incomplete. Given the fact that the Aztec leaders engaged in revisionist history, it becomes even more difficult to be sure that the Aztec accounts of the Toltec are accurate, with some scholars going so far as to call the Toltec culture nothing but myth. While scholars continue to debate whether the Toltec were an actual historical group, there is an added layer of mystery to the fact that the settlement at Tula has a lot in common with the famous Mayan settlement at Chichén Itzá. The architecture and art at both sites are so similar that archaeologists and anthropologists have assumed they had the same cultural influences, even as historians struggle to determine the historical timelines, and thus whether Tula influenced Chichén Itzá or vice versa. The World's Greatest Civilizations: The History and Culture of the Toltec comprehensively covers the history, culture, and controversy behind the Toltec, profiling their origins and their lasting legacy. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about the Toltec like you never have before, in no time at all.
Download or read book The Greatest Ancient Civilizations Around The World written by Manuel Tohen and published by . This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you're a big fan of history stories, especially Native American ones, then don't hesitate and grab a copy today! The Toltec are one of the most famous Mesoamerican groups in South America, but they are also the most controversial and mysterious. The Toltec have been identified as the group that established a strong state centered in Tula (in present-day Mexico), and the Aztec claimed the Toltec as their cultural predecessors, so much so that the word Toltec comes from the Aztec's word Tōltēcatl, translated as an artisan. The Aztec also kept track of the Toltec's history, including keeping a list of important rulers and events, that suggests the peak of the Toltec occurred from about 900-1100 A.D. From the moment Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes first found and confronted them, the Aztecs have fascinated the world, and they continue to hold a unique place both culturally and in pop culture. Nearly 500 years after the Spanish conquered their mighty empire, the Aztecs are often remembered today for their major capital, Tenochtitlan, as well as being fierce conquerors of the Valley of Mexico who often engaged in human sacrifice rituals. Ironically, and unlike the Mayans, the Aztecs are not widely viewed or remembered with nuance, in part because their own leader burned extant Aztec writings and rewrote a mythologized history explaining his empire's dominance less than a century before the Spanish arrived. This book comprehensively covers the history, culture, and controversy behind the Toltec, profiling their origins and their lasting legacy. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about the Toltec like you never have before, in no time at all.
Download or read book Subject Catalog written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl written by Henry B. Nicholson and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl: The Once and Future Lord of the Toltecs is the most comprehensive survey and discussion of primary documentary sources and relevant archaeological evidence available about the most enigmatic figure of ancient Mesoamerica. Probably no indigenous New World personage has aroused more interest or more controversy than this Lord of Tollan, capital of the Toltec Empire, who was merged with the prominent Feathered Serpent god, Quetzalcoatl. Speculation began soon after the Spanish Conquest brought Europeans in contact with this ambiguous figure, and scholarly inquiry has continued unabated to the present. The extant literature on this famous man/god is enormous and steadily growing. Professor Nicholson sorts through this wealth of material, classifying, summarizing, and analyzing all known primary accounts of the career of Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, in the Spanish, Nahuatl, and Mayan languages, which Spanish missionaries and Spanish-educated natives recorded after the Conquest. In a new introduction, he updates the original source material presently available to scholars interested in this figure. After careful consideration of the evidence, he concludes that, in spite of the obvious myth surrounding this renowned Toltec priest-ruler, at least some of Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl's recorded life and deeds are drawn from historical fact. Nicholson also contends that the tradition of his expected return probably played a role in the peaceable reception of Cortés by Moctezuma II in Mexico's Tenochtitlan in the fall of 1519. Including new illustrations and an index, Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl: The Once and Future Lord of the Toltecs constitutes a major contribution to Mesoamerican ethnohistory and archaeology.
Download or read book The Hohokam Millennium written by Suzanne K. Fish and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a thousand years they flourished in the arid lands now part of Arizona. They built extensive waterworks, ballcourts, and platform mounds, made beautiful pottery and jewelry, and engaged in wide-ranging trade networks. Then, slowly, their civilization faded and transmuted into something no longer Hohokam. Are today's Tohono O'odham their heirs or their conquerors? The mystery and the beauty of Hohokam civilization are the subjects of the essays in this volume. Written by archaeologists who have led the effort to excavate, record, and preserve the remnants of this ancient culture, the chapters illuminate the way the Hohokam organized their households and their communities, their sophisticated pottery and textiles, their irrigation system, the huge ballcourts and platform mounds they built, and much more.
Download or read book A History of World Societies Combined Volume written by John P. McKay and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 1198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A History of World Societies introduces students to the global past through social history and the stories and voices of the people who lived it. The book’s regional and comparative approach helps students understand the connections of global history while providing a manageable organization. With global connections and comparisons, documents, features and activities that teach historical analysis.
