Download or read book The High temperature Oxidation of Fe Cr Co Cr and Ni Cr Alloys in Oxygen and Water Vapour written by I. G. Wright and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Iron Steel and Their Alloys Online Version written by Rafael Colás and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 3918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of many important works featured in CRC Press’ Metals and Alloys Encyclopedia Collection, the Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys covers all the fundamental, theoretical, and application-related aspects of the metallurgical science, engineering, and technology of iron, steel, and their alloys. This Five-Volume Set addresses topics such as extractive metallurgy, powder metallurgy and processing, physical metallurgy, production engineering, corrosion engineering, thermal processing, metalworking, welding, iron- and steelmaking, heat treating, rolling, casting, hot and cold forming, surface finishing and coating, crystallography, metallography, computational metallurgy, metal-matrix composites, intermetallics, nano- and micro-structured metals and alloys, nano- and micro-alloying effects, special steels, and mining. A valuable reference for materials scientists and engineers, chemists, manufacturers, miners, researchers, and students, this must-have encyclopedia: Provides extensive coverage of properties and recommended practices Includes a wealth of helpful charts, nomograms, and figures Contains cross referencing for quick and easy search Each entry is written by a subject-matter expert and reviewed by an international panel of renowned researchers from academia, government, and industry. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]
Download or read book Effect of Water Vapour on the Oxidation of Fe Cr Ni Alloy at 1073 K written by Akhbar bin Kaderi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferritic Fe-9 to 12%Cr alloy has its importance in the development of the new generation Ultra-Supercritical (USC) Power Plant because the targeted operating temperature is reaching 973 K, in 100% steam condition and pressure in excess of 30 × 106 Pa. In such condition, the integrity of Fe-9 to 12%Cr alloy relies on the oxide scale formed during the time of exposure. Various studies showed that the protective oxide scale degraded in the presence of water vapour. Understanding on this mechanism has yet to reach any conclusion. These led to the need of studying the initial stage oxidation of these alloys in water vapour condition at high temperature. This work is giving special attention to the effect of water vapour on the formation of voids in the oxide scale and the changes in the surface energy prior to oxidation. These voids will affect the mechanical property of scales through cracking and spalling. Fe-Cr-Ni alloy with thickness of 1 mm and Cr samples with dimensions 10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm were exposed isothermally at 1073 K in air (PO2 )= 2.1×105 Pa) and humid (air + steam) environments. XRD analysis confirms that Fe2O3, Fe3O4, NiCr2O4, FeCr2O4, Cr2O3 and NiO exist in the scale of Fe-Cr-Ni alloy. EDX analysis shows compositions of Fe, Cr, Ni and O varied in outer and inner oxide scale, oxide scale/metal interface and metal. Volume fraction of voids in the oxide scale calculated based on the FE-SEM's micrograph of the cross sectional area fraction of voids in the scale. Fe-Cr-Ni alloy samples exposed in humid environment has as high as 86% more voids than that exposed in dry environment. The humid environment increased the number of void formed in the oxide scale, thus facilitates the exfoliation of protective scale during the high temperature oxidation. The effects of water vapour on the surface energy of metal were performed on Cr metals. XRD analysis on all samples shows that Cr2O3 can be formed in dry and humid environment. SEM reveals the surface oxide morphology consisting of nodule-like structure in dry samples and whisker-like structure in humid samples. IR transmission spectra for samples oxidized in dry environment, were consisting of more intense peak while samples oxidized in humid environment has more relaxed peak. Based on these evidences, adsorption of water occurred during the oxidation contributed to the increases in oxidation rate of Cr. This could be explained by the increased catalytic activity on the surface of the metal. The increased in catalytic activity correlated with the increase in surface energy as proven by the study on the Cr metal. The increased in surface energy facilitates the solubility and diffusivity of oxidant and cation into the metal or alloy. This has caused greater volume of void formed in humid environment as demonstrated in the oxidation of Fe-Cr-Ni alloy. It is concluded that void formation and surface energy changes played greater role in increasing the oxidation rate of ferritic alloy in humid environment.
Download or read book Shreir s Corrosion written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 3652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This four-volume reference work builds upon the success of past editions of Elsevier’s Corrosion title (by Shreir, Jarman, and Burstein), covering the range of innovations and applications that have emerged in the years since its publication. Developed in partnership with experts from the Corrosion and Protection Centre at the University of Manchester, Shreir’s Corrosion meets the research and productivity needs of engineers, consultants, and researchers alike. Incorporates coverage of all aspects of the corrosion phenomenon, from the science behind corrosion of metallic and non-metallic materials in liquids and gases to the management of corrosion in specific industries and applications Features cutting-edge topics such as medical applications, metal matrix composites, and corrosion modeling Covers the benefits and limitations of techniques from scanning probes to electrochemical noise and impedance spectroscopy
Download or read book High Temperature Oxidation of Multiphase Fe Cr C Ni CR C and Co Cr C Alloys written by Ricky N. Durham and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Temperature Corrosion written by César A. C. Sequeira and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-01-23 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the science and engineering of high-temperature corrosion and provides guidelines for selecting the best materials for an array of system processes High-temperature corrosion (HTC) is a widespread problem in an array of industries, including power generation, aerospace, automotive, and mineral and chemical processing, to name a few. This book provides engineers, physicists, and chemists with a balanced presentation of all relevant basic science and engineering aspects of high-temperature corrosion. It covers most HTC types, including oxidation, sulfidation, nitridation, molten salts, fuel-ash corrosion, H2S/H2 corrosion, molten fluoride/HF corrosion, and carburization. It also provides corrosion data essential for making the appropriate choices of candidate materials for high-temperature service in process conditions. A form of corrosion that does not require the presence of liquids, high-temperature corrosion occurs due to the interaction at high temperatures of gases, liquids, or solids with materials. HTC is a subject is of increasing importance in many areas of science and engineering, and students, researchers, and engineers need to be aware of the nature of the processes that occur in high-temperature materials and equipment in common use today, especially in the chemical, gas, petroleum, electric power, metal manufacturing, automotive, and nuclear industries. Provides engineers and scientists with the essential data needed to make the most informed decisions on materials selection Includes up-to-date information accompanied by more than 1,000 references, 80% of which from within the past fifteen years Includes details on systems of critical engineering importance, especially the corrosion induced by low-energy radionuclides Includes practical guidelines for testing and research in HTC, along with both the European and International Standards for high-temperature corrosion engineering Offering balanced, in-depth coverage of the fundamental science behind and engineering of HTC, High Temperature Corrosion: Fundamentals and Engineering is a valuable resource for academic researchers, students, and professionals in the material sciences, solid state physics, solid state chemistry, electrochemistry, metallurgy, and mechanical, chemical, and structural engineers.
Download or read book Materials for High Temperature Fuel Cells written by San Ping Jiang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's ever-growing demand for power has created an urgent need for new efficient and sustainable sources of energy and electricity. Today's consumers of portable electronics also demand devices that not only deliver more power but are also environmentally friendly. Fuel cells are an important alternative energy source, with promise in military, commercial and industrial applications, for example power vehicles and portable devices. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that directly converts the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy. Fuel cells represent the most efficient energy conversion technologies to-date and are an integral part in the new and renewable energy chain (e.g., solar, wind and hydropower). Fuel cells can be classified as either high-temperature or lowtemperature, depending on their operating temperature, and have different materials requirements. This book is dedicated to the study of high temperature fuel cells. In hightemperature fuel cells, the electrolyte materials are ceramic or molten carbonate, while the electrode materials are ceramic or metal (but not precious metal). High operation temperature fuel cells allow internal reforming, promote rapid kinetics with non-precious materials and offer high flexibilities in fuel choice, and are potential and viable candidate to moderate the fast increase in power requirements and to minimize the impact of the increased power consumption on the environment. 'Materials for High Temperature Fuel Cells' is part of the series on Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development edited by Prof. Max Q. Lu. The series covers advances in materials science and innovation for renewable energy, clean use of fossil energy, and greenhouse gas mitigation and associated environmental technologies.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1070 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oxidation Mechanisms of Materials for Heat Exchanging Components in CO2 H2O containing Gases Relevant to Oxy fuel Environments written by Tomasz Olszewski and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2012 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials written by Myer Kutz and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2005-06-02 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industry pays an enormous price for material degradation. The Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials outlines these costs, but more importantly, explains how to measure, analyze, and prevent environmental degradation for a wide range of indsutrial materials. Experts from around the world share how a diverse set of industries cope with the degradation of metals, polymers, reinforced concrete, clothing, and wood under adverse environmental conditions such as weather, seawater, and fire. Case studies show how organizations from small consulting firms to corporate giants design and manufacture products that are more resistant to environmental effects. By implementing these standards companies of all sizes should realize savings beneficial to their operations.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gases and Carbon in Metals written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reactor Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reactor Core Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
