Download or read book The Growth of Market Relations in Post Reform Rural China written by Hiroshi Sato and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-08-27 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the different factors that are contributing to the transition to a market economy and the growth of networks in rural China. It demonstrates the importance of the party-state system and regional differences.

Download or read book China s Economic Rise written by Congressional Research Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-17 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 36 years ago, China maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally-controlled, vastly inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy. Since opening up to foreign trade and investment and implementing free market reforms in 1979, China has been among the world's fastest-growing economies, with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging nearly 10% through 2016. In recent years, China has emerged as a major global economic power. It is now the world's largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves.The global economic crisis that began in 2008 greatly affected China's economy. China's exports, imports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows declined, GDP growth slowed, and millions of Chinese workers reportedly lost their jobs. The Chinese government responded by implementing a $586 billion economic stimulus package and loosening monetary policies to increase bank lending. Such policies enabled China to effectively weather the effects of the sharp global fall in demand for Chinese products, but may have contributed to overcapacity in several industries and increased debt by Chinese firms and local government. China's economy has slowed in recent years. Real GDP growth has slowed in each of the past six years, dropping from 10.6% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2016, and is projected to slow to 5.7% by 2022.The Chinese government has attempted to steer the economy to a "new normal" of slower, but more stable and sustainable, economic growth. Yet, concerns have deepened in recent years over the health of the Chinese economy. On August 11, 2015, the Chinese government announced that the daily reference rate of the renminbi (RMB) would become more "market-oriented." Over the next three days, the RMB depreciated against the dollar and led to charges that China's goal was to boost exports to help stimulate the economy (which some suspect is in worse shape than indicated by official Chinese economic statistics). Concerns over the state of the Chinese economy appear to have often contributed to volatility in global stock indexes in recent years.The ability of China to maintain a rapidly growing economy in the long run will likely depend largely on the ability of the Chinese government to implement comprehensive economic reforms that more quickly hasten China's transition to a free market economy; rebalance the Chinese economy by making consumer demand, rather than exporting and fixed investment, the main engine of economic growth; boost productivity and innovation; address growing income disparities; and enhance environmental protection. The Chinese government has acknowledged that its current economic growth model needs to be altered and has announced several initiatives to address various economic challenges. In November 2013, the Communist Party of China held the Third Plenum of its 18th Party Congress, which outlined a number of broad policy reforms to boost competition and economic efficiency. For example, the communique stated that the market would now play a "decisive" role in allocating resources in the economy. At the same time, however, the communique emphasized the continued important role of the state sector in China's economy. In addition, many foreign firms have complained that the business climate in China has worsened in recent years. Thus, it remains unclear how committed the Chinese government is to implementing new comprehensive economic reforms.China's economic rise has significant implications for the United States and hence is of major interest to Congress. This report provides background on China's economic rise; describes its current economic structure; identifies the challenges China faces to maintain economic growth; and discusses the challenges, opportunities, and implications of China's economic rise.

Download or read book Rural China Takes Off written by Jean C. Oi and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1999-05-17 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A distinctive and important contribution."—Thomas P. Bernstein, author of Up to the Mountains and Down to the Villages

Download or read book How Reform Worked in China written by Yingyi Qian and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-11-24 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A noted Chinese economist examines the mechanisms behind China's economic reforms, arguing that universal principles and specific implementations are equally important. As China has transformed itself from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, economists have tried to understand and interpret the success of Chinese reform. As the Chinese economist Yingyi Qian explains, there are two schools of thought on Chinese reform: the “School of Universal Principles,” which ascribes China's successful reform to the workings of the free market, and the “School of Chinese Characteristics,” which holds that China's reform is successful precisely because it did not follow the economics of the market but instead relied on the government. In this book, Qian offers a third perspective, taking certain elements from each school of thought but emphasizing not why reform worked but how it did. Economics is a science, but economic reform is applied science and engineering. To a practitioner, it is more useful to find a feasible reform path than the theoretically best way. The key to understanding how reform has worked in China, Qian argues, is to consider the way reform designs respond to initial historical conditions and contemporary constraints. Qian examines the role of “transitional institutions”—not “best practice institutions” but “incentive-compatible institutions”—in Chinese reform; the dual-track approach to market liberalization; the ownership of firms, viewed both theoretically and empirically; government decentralization, offering and testing hypotheses about its link to local economic development; and the specific historical conditions of China's regional-based central planning.

Download or read book Unfinished Reforms in the Chinese Economy written by Jun Zhang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China has quickly moved into a critical point in the sense that its past performance in economic growth and development has created so many unsolved problems, and for such problems to be addressed, a better understanding of these problems and a clear policy framework are required for policy makers to conduct reforms. Based on highOColevel empirical research on China''s economic development by each of the contributors, this edited book provides an in-depth and clear analysis of many of important issues facing China''s move to new phase of economic development and transformation, and discusses policy issues involved in further reforms.

Download or read book China s Economic Relations with the West and Japan 1949 1979 written by Chad Mitcham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-09-16 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1949 and 1979 China was officially self sufficient and under allied trade embargo, this text examines the complicated history of how economic relations between China and the West/Japan developed during that period.

Download or read book China s Economic Relations with the West and Japan 1949 79 written by Chad J. Mitcham and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1949 and 1979 China was officially self sufficient and under allied trade embargo, this text examines the complicated history of how economic relations between China and the West/Japan developed during that period.

Download or read book Chinese Economists on Economic Reform Collected Works of Guo Shuqing written by Guo Shuqing and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China Development Research Foundation is one of the leading economic and social think tanks in China, where many of the theoretical foundations and policy details of economic reform were formulated. This book is the second of a series which makes available to an English-speaking audience the work of the individual Chinese economists who were the architects of reform. Guo Shuqing has made major contributions to the thinking underlying China's economic reforms and to the practical implementation of several of those reforms.

Download or read book The Chinese Communist Party in Reform written by Kjeld Erik Brødsgaard and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contrary to the expectations of many people, China's recent economic growth has not led to the collapse of the Chinese Communist Party. In fact, the Party has recently carried out a peaceful and orderly transition to the so-called fourth generation of leadership, has revitalised itself, and created a new, younger and better trained cadre corps. Despite this successful transformation, there continue to be many problems that the Party will need to overcome if it is to remain in power, including pressures for democratization in both urban and rural areas, widespread corruption, the emergence of new social groups, and increasing dissatisfaction among workers who seem to be losing out in the present transition process. The Chinese Communist Party in Reform explores the current state of the Chinese Communist Party and the many challenges that it faces. It considers the dynamics of development in China, the Party organization, recruitment and management, and the Party's role in society more widely. It concludes by examining the prospects for the future of the Party, including whether it will continue to be able to accommodate socio-economic changes within China and pressures from abroad, and the likely nature of its evolution. Overall, this book provides a comprehensive assessment of the internal dynamics of the Chinese Communist Party and its role in Chinese society.

Download or read book Chinese Economists on Economic Reform Collected Works of Du Runsheng written by Du Runsheng and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is part of a series which makes available to English-speaking audiences the work of the individual Chinese economists who were the architects of China’s economic reform. The series provides an inside view of China’s economic reform, revealing the thinking of the reformers themselves, unlike many other books on China’s economic reform which are written by outside observers. Du Runsheng (1913-) has made major contributions to policy making on land reform, rural development and science policy. Politically active from the 1930s, when he served as a guerrilla leader fighting Japanese aggression, and in the 1940s, when he was involved in the War of Liberation (1945-49), he has held many Chinese Communist Party posts. He was secretary-general of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the late 1950s, responsible for drafting the 1961 policy document which urged respect for intellectuals. Attacked and persecuted during the Cultural Revolution (1966-76), he was for most of the 1980s in charge of research on rural economic reform and rural development strategies. The book is published in association with China Development Research Foundation, one of the leading economic and social think tanks in China, where many of the theoretical foundations and policy details of economic reform were formulated.

Download or read book Chinese Economists on Economic Reform Collected Works of Ma Hong written by Ma Hong and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is part of a series which makes available to English-speaking audiences the work of the individual Chinese economists who were the architects of China’s economic reform. The series provides an inside view of China’s economic reform, revealing the thinking of the reformers themselves, unlike many other books on China’s economic reform which are written by outside observers. Ma Hong (1920-2007) was one of the leading advocates for China’s market-oriented reforms, one of the earliest scholars to adopt the concept of "a socialist market economy". Politically active from the 1930s, when he campaigned against the Japanese occupation, he held many important posts, notably President of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in the 1980s. He was particularly influential in the field of industrial economics, putting to use his own experiences of managing industrial enterprises, and a strong advocate of the need for China’s economic development to be stable. The book is published in association with China Development Research Foundation, one of the leading economic and social think tanks in China, where many of the theoretical foundations and policy details of economic reform were formulated.

Download or read book Chinese Economists on Economic Reform Collected Works of Wang Mengkui written by Wang Mengkui and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is part of a series which makes available to English-speaking audiences the work of the individual Chinese economists who were the architects of China’s economic reform. The series provides an inside view of China’s economic reform, revealing the thinking of the reformers themselves, unlike many other books on China’s economic reform which are written by outside observers. Wang Mengkui (1938-) has been Director of the Research Office under the State Council and was President of the State Council’s Development Research Centre from 1998 to 2007. A member of the Party since 1956, he has been responsible for drafting many key Chinese Communist Party documents, including Report on the Work of the Government, presented to the National People’s Congresses. The book is published in association with China Development Research Foundation, one of the leading economic and social think tanks in China, where many of the theoretical foundations and policy details of economic reform were formulated.

Download or read book Chinese Economists on Economic Reform Xue Muqiao written by Xue Muqiao and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-12-16 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The China Development Research Foundation is one of the leading economic and social think tanks in China, where many of the theoretical underpinnings and policy details of economic reform were formulated. This book is the first of a series which makes available to an English-speaking audience the work of the individual Chinese economists who were the architects of reform. The series provides an inside view of China’s economic reform, revealing the thinking of the reformers themselves, unlike many other books on China’s economic reform which are written by outside observers. Xue Muqiao held many key posts including Secretary General of the Finance and Economy Commission of the Government Administrative Council, Director-General of the National Bureau of Statistics and consultant of State Council Office for Restructuring the Economic Systems. His work included eliminating the serious inflation of the early years of the People’s Republic, participating in drafting and implementing the First and Second Five-year Plans, and establishing the initial statistics system and price management system. His great contribution was to the development of economic theories and practice following China’s economic reform.

Download or read book Peasants and Revolution in Rural China written by Chang Liu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-05-14 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores rural political change in China from 1850 to 1949 to help us understand China’s transformation from a weak, decaying agrarian empire to a unified, strong nation-state during this period. Based on local gazetteers, contemporary field studies, government archives, personal memoirs and other primary sources, it systematically compares two key macro-regions of rural China – the North China plain and the Yangzi delta – to demonstrate the ways in which the forces of political change, shaped by different local conditions, operated to transform the country. It shows that on the North China plain, the village community composed mainly of owner-cultivators was the focal point for political mobilization, whilst in the Yangzi delta absentee landlordism was exploited by the state for local control and tax extraction. However, these both set the stage, in different ways, for the communist mobilization in the first half of the twentieth century. Peasants and Revolution in Rural China is an important addition to the literature on the history of the Chinese Revolution, and will be of interest to anyone seeking to understand the course of Chinese social and political development.

Download or read book The Dragon and the Elephant written by Ashok Gulati and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 2007-11-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China and India are the most extraordinary economic success stories of the developing world. Both nations’ economies have grown dramatically over the past few decades, elevating them from two of the world’s poorest countries into projected economic superpowers. As a result, the numbers of Chinese and Indians living in poverty have rapidly fallen and per capita incomes in China and India have quadrupled and doubled, respectively. This book investigates the reasons for these staggering accomplishments and the lessons that can be applied both to other developing nations and to the problem of poverty that remains in these two countries. The contributors pay particular attention to agriculture and the rural economy, examining how initial conditions and investments and the prioritization and sequencing of different policies and strategies have led to successes, and how the agricultural and rural sectors connect to overall economic expansion. They also emphasize the importance of anti-poverty programs and safety nets in helping poor people escape poverty. The book offers a set of policy and strategic options for future growth and poverty reduction. These include setting the right priorities for public spending, identifying trade and market reforms, building social safety nets for the poorest of the poor, and building accountable institutions that can provide public goods and services effectively. The book concludes by examining future challenges to China and India’s economic development, such as the need to ensure growth that is sustainable, equitable, and environmentally friendly. The Dragon and the Elephant offers valuable insights to development specialists anxious to multiply the benefits experienced by two of the greatest economic successes in recent times.

Download or read book Chinese Economists on Economic Reform Collected Works of Lou Jiwei written by Lou Jiwei and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is part of a series which makes available to English-speaking audiences the work of the individual Chinese economists who were the architects of China’s economic reform. The series provides an inside view of China’s economic reform, revealing the thinking of the reformers themselves, unlike many other books on China’s economic reform which are written by outside observers. Lou Jiwei (1950-) has been a leading researcher on economic restructuring and macroeconomic policy in a range of Chinese policy-making organisations. He has made important contributions to policy in the fields of tax, accounting, finance and banking. In the 1990s a vice minister of finance, and from 2007 deputy secretary-general of the State Council, he is also at present head of China’s sovereign wealth fund. The book is published in association with China Development Research Foundation, one of the leading economic and social think tanks in China, where many of the theoretical foundations and policy details of economic reform were formulated.

Download or read book Chinese Economists on Economic Reform Collected Works of Yu Guangyuan written by Yu Guangyuan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is part of a series which makes available to English-speaking audiences the work of the individual Chinese economists who were the architects of China’s economic reform. The series provides an inside view of China’s economic reform, revealing the thinking of the reformers themselves, unlike many other books on China’s economic reform which are written by outside observers. Yu Guangyuan (1915-) is a famous Chinese philosopher and economist. A member of the Chinese Communist Party from 1937, he has made significant contributions in the fields of Marxist theory and in state planning. He was head of the Political Research Office of the State Council from 1975 and the first director of the Economic Research Institute of the State Planning Commission. He has held many other important posts, and was editor-in-chief of the "Dictionary of Economics". The book is published in association with China Development Research Foundation, one of the leading economic and social think tanks in China, where many of the theoretical foundations and policy details of economic reform were formulated.