Download or read book The Gene for gene Relationship in Plant parasite Interactions written by I. R. Crute and published by Cabi. This book was released on 1997 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetics has transformed plant pathology on two occasions: first when Mendelian genetics enabled the discovery that disease resistance was a heritable trait in plants, and secondly when Flor proposed the "gene-for-gene" hypothesis to explain his observations of plant-parasite interactions, based on his work on flax rust in North Dakota starting in the 1930s. Our knowledge of the genetics of disease resistance and host-pathogen coevolution is now entering a new phase as a result of the cloning of the first resistance genes. This book provides a broad review of recent developments in this important and expanding subject. Both agricultural and natural host-pathogen situations are addressed. While most of the book focuses on plant pathology, in the usual sense of the term embracing fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens, there is also consideration of parasitic plants and a chapter demonstrating lessons to be learnt from the mammalian immune system. Three overall themes are addressed: genetic analyses and utilization of resistance; population genetics; and cell biology and molecular genetics. Chapters are based on papers presented at the British Society for Plant Pathology Presidential meeting held in December 1995, but all have been revised and updated to mid-1996. Written by leading authorities from North America, Europe and Australia, the book represents an essential update for workers in plant genetics, breeding, biotechnology and pathology.
Download or read book Plant Relationships Part B written by George Carroll and published by Springer. This book was released on 1997-08-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part A and Part B of the fifth of twelve volumes of The Mycota deal with the mechanisms of interactions between fungi and plants and consider pathogenic as well as mutualistic associations. Nobody involved in the manipulation of plant populations can afford to ignore the fungi, so pervasive and important are fungus/plant interactions for the well-being of plant communities, both managed and natural. Consequently, these volumes will be of interest to a broad range of professionals involved in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and conservation as well as plant pathology, mycology, ecology, and evolution.
Download or read book Plant Host Parasite Relationship written by Sarika Garg and published by Delve Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The host and the parasite are the two different biological organisms involved in host parasite interactions. The parasite or pathogen is a benefited organism which is dependent on the host for its existence. The host and the parasite live in close proximity and the latter enjoys at the expense of the first. The parasite is like an intruder for the host which it wants to eliminate by various responsive reactions and resistance. In response, parasite generates several features such as polyembryony, production of special enzymes, increased fecundity, self-habitat, etc. This close association is referred to as host parasite interactions. Different types of parasites have been recognized on different basis. In terms of host specificity, parasites may be mono-specific or poly-specific. Mono-specific parasite restricts to a single host whereas poly-specific might associate with different genetically related hosts. Eventually, a mutual relation between the host and the parasite develops which allows them to survive together. The fatal parasites, however, try to kill the hosts. But killing the hosts will lead to the death of parasites itself. Host characteristics might be affected by intimate association with the parasite. These may include damage of tissue, necrosis, hyperplasia, neoplasia, malnourishment, etc. There are several parasitic plants and fungi which attack the plants. Parasitic plant extracts its resources from the vascular system of another living plant (host) using a specialized transfer organ called haustorium. Some examples of parasitic plants include Mistletoes, Yellow Rattle (Rhinanthus), Red Bartsia (Odontites) and Eyebrights (Euphrasia). These are hemi-parasitic members and have their own green leaves. Plants like Toothworts (Lathraea) and Broomrapes (Orobanche) are the examples of holo-parasitic plants which have no photosynthetic green leaves of their own. The Dodders (Cuscuta) are another common group of parasites. This book discusses the plant host parasite relationship and is a gathering of few research papers on interactions of parasitic plants/fungi with the host plants. The first three chapters throw light on the overview of host parasite interactions in plants. Chapter 4 describes the genetic transfer facilitation among plants by the association between the host and the parasite. The next chapter focuses on the interaction of Cuscuta reflexa with tomato plant. The molecular events during the parasitic plant host interaction are described in chapter 6. The next chapter covers the applicability of Limiting Resource Model (LRM) for understanding the effects of drought on tolerance to holoparasite Cuscuta gronovii. Chapter 8 discusses the compatibility or incompatibility of hosts by screening the response of four plant species of Solanaceae family to the parasitism of Cuscuta campestris Yuncker. Horizontal gene transfer between the host and the parasite nuclear genomes; and the consequences of Orobanche crenata infection severity in different legume crops viz. faba bean, field pea and grass pea have been discussed in chapters 9 and 10, respectively. Chapter 11 evaluates the effect of amino acids as herbicides for field control of Orobanche minor parasitism in red clover. The relationships of the parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa (L.) and different hosts; and the microbiome of the parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca and tomato is described in the following two chapters, respectively. The last chapter discusses how water influences the effects of stem hemiparasites on hosts.
Download or read book Physiological Plant Pathology written by R. Heitefuß and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 909 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant pathology embraces all aspects of biological and scientific activity which are concerned with understanding the complex phenomena of diseases in plants. Physiological plant pathology represents those specialities within plant pathology which focus on the physiological and biochemical activities of pathogens and on the response of host plant tissues. Today there is an increasing recognition on the part of the scientific agri cultural community that only through a deeper and more fundamental under standing of all the interacting components of the agricultural biota can we expect to improve our capabilities of feeding an expanding world population. It is in this context that physiological plant pathology has assumed new significance within the broader field of plant pathology. No longer are studies on the biochemistry and physiology of pathogens and pathogenesis merely isolated academic exercises; rather, a substantial coherent body of knowledge is accumulating upon which our understanding of the process of disease developmen t and host resistance is being founded. It is from these foundations of knowledge that ultimately new insights into the control of plant diseases may be expected to grow. It seems appropriate, therefore, that at regular intervals those involved in the various subspecialities encompassing the broadest aspects of physiological plant pathology reassess the contributions within the particular specialities in the light of new knowledge and technologies for the purpose of articulating new and productive directions for the future.
Download or read book Genomic and Genetic Analysis of Plant Parasitism and Defense written by Shinji Tsuyumu and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizing the 9th Japan-U.S. seminar on plant-pathogen interactions this book presents cutting-edge research on the application of genomics to the investigation of plant-microbe interactions. Genomic and Genetic Analysis of Plant Parasitism and Defense features papers containing original research on the use of genomics and genome-associated technologies in a variety of pathosystems to explore topics such as mechanisms of pathogen compatibility and incompatibility, host-pathogen signaling and mechanisms of plant disease resistance. Focus is placed on genome-wide analyses and the use of large-scale, high throughput genomic tools in combination with classic genetic tools and resources to decipher the molecular basis of plant?microbe interactions.The wide range of pathogens covered as well as examples of exciting new technologies are sure to be of interest to Plant Pathologists, Microbiologists, Agronomists, Plant Biologists, or anyone interested in plant-microbe interactions.
Download or read book Genetic Basis of Biochemical Mechanisms of Plant Disease written by James V. Groth and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disease Resistance in Plants written by J.E. Vanderplank and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disease Resistance in Plants, Second Edition, looks at genetic, epidemiologic, biochemical, and biometric principles for developing new cultivars possessing genetic resistance to diseases. It examines the nature of disease resistance and resistance genes, and it highlights the importance of stabilizing selection, sugar, biotrophy, and necrotrophy to obtain the greatest possible yields. Organized into 17 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of disease resistance in plants and the ways to develop disease-resistant variants. It then discusses unspecific resistance; the resistance gene paradox; susceptibility and resistance within narrow host taxa; phenotypic variation and gene numbers in host plants; discontinuous variation and cytoplasmic inheritance; and experimental difficulties in partitioning variance. The reader is also introduced to epistasis and the structure of virulence in pathogens; the notion of physiological race; how the pathogen adapts to the host; mutation in the pathogen from avirulence to virulence; horizontal and vertical resistance to disease and its epidemiological effects; and the link between protein polymorphism and vertical resistance. In addition, the book discusses genes for susceptibility in the host versus genes for avirulence (or virulence) in the pathogen; sink-induced loss of resistance; high-sugar disease processes and biotrophy; slow rusting of cereal crops; plant resistance against endemic disease; and the accumulation of resistance genes in heterogeneous host populations. This book will be useful to plant pathologists and plant breeders.
Download or read book Biochemical Studies of Host pathogen Interactions in Some Plant Diseases written by William Woodbury and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Pathogen Interactions written by Pamela C. Ronald and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides key methods, approaches, and strategies to dissect the plant defense response. Addressing methods to identify and characterize plant resistance genes as well as pathogen-associated molecules that trigger the plant defense response, this volume creates a better understanding of the interactions between pathogens and their hosts. This will help to develop better methods for disease control in plants and animals.
Download or read book Genes Involved in Plant Defense written by Thomas Boller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many fungi and bacteria that associate with plants are potentially harmful and can cause disease, while others enter into mutually beneficial sym bioses. Co-evolution of plants with pathogenic and symbiotic microbes has lead to refined mechanisms of reciprocal recognition, defense and counter defense. Genes in both partners determine and regulate these mechanisms. A detailed understanding of these genes provides basic biological insights as well as a starting point for developing novel methods of crop protection against pathogens. This volume deals with defense-related genes of plants and their regulation as well as with the genes of microbes involved in their interaction with plants. Our discussion begins at the level of populations and addresses the complex interaction of plant and microbial genes in multigenic disease resistance and its significance for crop protection as compared to mono genic resistance (Chap. 1). Although monogenic disease resistance may have its problems in the practice of crop protection, it is appealing to the experimentalist: in the so-called gene-for-gene systems, single genes in the plant and in the pathogen specify the compatibility or incompatibility of an interaction providing an ideal experimental system for studying events at the molecular level (Chaps. 2 and 4). Good progress has been made in identifying viral, bacterial, and fungal genes important in virulence and host range (Chaps. 3-6). An important aspect of plant-microbe interactions is the exchange of chemical signals. Microbes can respond to chemical signals of plant origin.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Resistance to Plant Diseases written by R.S. Fraser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant resistance to pathogens is one of the most important strategies of disease control. Knowledge of resistance mechanisms, and of how to exploit them, has made a significant contribution to agricultural productivity. However, the continuous evolution of new variants of pathogen, ana additional control problems posed by new crops and agricultural methods, creates a need for a corresponding increase in our understanding of resistance and ability to utilize it. The study of resistance mechanisms also has attractions from a purely academic point of view. First there is the breadth of the problem, which can be approached at the genetical, molecular, cellular, whole plant or population lev~ls. Often there is the possibility of productive exchange of ideas between different disciplines. Then there is the fact that despite recent advances, many of the mechanisms involved have still to be fully elucidated. Finally, and compared with workers in other areas of biology, the student of resistance is twice blessed in having as his subject the interaction of two or more organisms, with the intriguing problems of recognition, specificity and co-evolution which this raises.
Download or read book Plant Fungal Pathogen Interaction written by Hermann H. Prell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on the interactions of plants and phytopathogenic fungi has become one of the most interesting and rapidly moving fields in the plant sciences, the findings of which have contributed tremendously to the development of new strategies of plant protection. This book offers insight into the state of present knowledge. Special emphasis is placed on recognition phenomena between plants and fungi, parasitization strategies employed by the phytopathogenic fungi, the action of phytotoxins, the compatibility of pathogens with host plants and the basic resistance of non-host plants as well as cultivar-specific resistance of host plants. Special attention is paid to the gene-for-gene hypothesis for the determination of race-specific resistance, its molecular models and to the nature of race non-specific resistance as well as the population dynamics of plants and the evolution of their basic resistance.
Download or read book The Genetics of Host Adaptation in the Parasitic Plant Striga Hermonthica written by Oliver Pescott and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The obligately outbreeding root hemiparasite Striga hermonthica (Orobanchaceae)is a serious threat to subsistence agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. Resistance to this parasite in its crop hosts, such as rice, sorghum and maize, is not common, and the evolution of host adaptations that are able to overcome new sources of resistance is an ever-present risk. Research into host adaptation in S. hermonthica has generally sought to correlate the genetic relationship between Striga individuals with host identity; however, such approaches must be supported by lab-based evidence of host adaptation, otherwise ad hoc field sampling may result in the confounding of host identity with isolation-by-distance. Additionally, genetic variation used to reconstruct relationships is unlikely to provide an insight into relationships at functional loci underlying host adaptation. In this thesis, I use a range of new approaches to investigate several different aspects of parasite adaptation in the S. hermonthica-Sorghum bicolor pathosystem. Host adaptations, or pre-adaptations, are commonly revealed using tests for differential virulence between Striga populations and host genotypes; that is, by demonstrating population-level genotype-by-genotype interactions. Evidence for such interactions was found between three West African populations of S. hermonthica and five sorghum cultivars. These interactions were shown to be strongest at the parasite post-attachment life stage, and to depend on the parasite virulence metric used. Environmental influences on host-parasite interactions were strong and variable between years and sites. Candidate genetic loci for virulence, responding to selection in a micro-evolutionary fashion, were identified by Fst differentiation-based approaches ('outlier analyses') that aim to uncover associations between particular loci and environmental drivers, such as host identity. An AFLP outlier analysis was used on Striga plants parasitising nine sorghum cultivars in a field trial in Burkina Faso. Significant locus-specific differentiation was detected at 14 out of 1275 loci. However, predicted allele frequencies at these loci did not correlate with a field measure of Striga virulence across host-selected sub-populations. Simulation results suggested that the estimated levels of Fst at outlying loci could mean that alleles underlying host adaptation exist at intermediate frequencies in populations. A three-generation pedigree, created from a cross between S. hermonthica individuals from an East African and a West African population, enabled further insights into the genetics of adaptation. Individuals from a pseudo-backcrossed F1 (BCF1) generation, grown on two different sorghum hosts and in axenic culture, indicated significant host-related segregation distortion. Analyses of virulence in the BCF1 also provided strong evidence for epistasis, and for an effect of maternal identity. A second outlier analysis of host adaptation, investigating the East African population used in the pedigree, indicated some correspondence between outlier loci and loci found to be differentially segregating between different hosts in the BCF1 generation, and demonstrated the differing genomic extents of these phenomena. The results accumulated across these experiments provide evidence for a complex, polygenic basis to virulence in S. hermonthica.
Download or read book Technical Bulletin written by Lewis Eugene Browder and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolutionary Dynamics of Plant Pathogen Interactions written by Jeremy J. Burdon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broad view of plant-pathogen interactions illustrating the fundamental reciprocal role pathogens and hosts play in shaping each other's ecology and evolution.
Download or read book Matthews Plant Virology written by Richard Ellis Ford Matthews and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 1084 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been ten years since the publication of the third edition of this seminal text on plant virology, during which there has been an explosion of conceptual and factual advances. The fourth edition updates and revises many details of the previous editon, while retaining the important older results that constitute the field's conceptual foundation. Key features of the fourth edition include: * Thumbnail sketches of each genera and family groups * Genome maps of all genera for which they are known * Genetic engineered resistance strategies for virus disease control * Latest understanding of virus interactions with plants, including gene silencing * Interactions between viruses and insect, fungal, and nematode vectors * New plate section containing over 50 full-color illustrations.
Download or read book Plant Pathogen Interactions written by Pamela C. Ronald and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-Pathogen Interactions: Methods and Protocols provides key methods, approaches, and strategies to dissect the plant defense response. Addressing methods to identify and characterize plant resistance genes as well as pathogen-associated molecules that trigger the plant defense response, this volume creates a better understanding of the interactions between pathogens and their hosts, which will help to develop better methods for disease control in plants and animals. Plant-Pathogen Interactions: Methods and Protocols reviews methods for engineering resistance to plant viruses, the utility of viral induced gene silencing and RNAi silencing, as well as advances in genomics and proteomics that have lead to new methods to identify genes and proteins. The protocols presented follow the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, each one offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and the avoidance of known pitfalls.
