Download or read book The Gender Gap in Patents written by Susan Stewart Stute and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steering women toward educational paths and careers in fields of invention would seem, in theory, to be the obvious solution to closing the gap between the number of men and women filing for and being granted invention patents. Billions of dollars have been invested at the federal, state, and local levels to spur interest and competency in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning, but gender disparity in innovation workplaces persists. Studies indicate that, in addition to the educational barriers that can be and have been addressed legislatively, social and cultural influences affect outcomes for career women, as well as young women considering STEM degree programs. Evidence suggests that as more male students are drawn to STEM fields as a result of these same educational initiatives, the inventive patent ownership gender gap will widen. By considering the historical treatment of women with regard to intellect, employment, and property ownership, an enormity of scope emerges that, in turn, creates questions about the efficacy of current suggested strategies to narrow the gap.
Download or read book The Gender Gap In Global Patenting written by Marco Alemán and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the participation of women inventors in international patent applications from 1999 to 2020 and reveals that women were involved in the inventions behind only 23 percent of all applications, while men were involved in 96 percent. Consequently, women represent only 13 percent of all inventors listed in these filings, with an estimated contribution equivalent to only 10 percent of all PCT applications. Although women's participation in patenting has increased over time, achieving gender parity will require considerable effort. Based on current trends, if the inclusion conditions of the past five years persist, women may reach the 50 percent target for inventors around the year 2061. Women's participation in patenting varies considerably across world regions, sectors, and industries. Women inventors are predominantly concentrated in specific industries, such as biotechnology, food chemistry, and pharmaceuticals, whereas fields related to mechanical engineering have far fewer women inventors. Women inventors are more prevalent in academia (21 percent) than in the private sector (14 percent), but patent applications originating from academia represent only a small share of the total. Although the technological specialization of countries significantly alters the ranking for a few of them, for most countries, their technological specialization is not the primary factor in the gender gap in patents. The report also notes that women typically work in mostly-male teams and are more likely to work alone than in teams of women, including all-women teams or teams where they are the numerical majority. The decline in the proportion of patents from lone male inventors explains much of the positive trend in global inclusion over the last two decades. The report concludes that although women's participation in patenting is increasing, greater efforts are necessary to address the underrepresentation of women in innovation and patenting.
Download or read book The Global Gender Gap in Innovation and Creativity written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identifying the gender of PCT inventors written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2016 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the gender of inventors in international patent applications. We compile a worldwide gender-name dictionary, which includes 6.2 million names for 182 different countries to disambiguate the gender of PCT inventors. Our results suggest that there is a gender imbalance in PCT applications, but the proportion of women inventors is improving over time. We also find that the rates of women participation differ substantially across countries, technological fields and sectors.
Download or read book Patent Law and Women written by Jessica C. Lai and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the gendered nature of patent law and the knowledge governance system it supports. The vast majority of patented inventions are attributed to male inventors. While this has resulted in arguments that there are not enough women working in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, this book maintains that the issue lies with the very nature of patent law and how it governs knowledge. The reason why fewer women patent than men is that patent law and the knowledge governance system it supports are gendered. This book deconstructs patent law to reveal the multiple gendered binaries it embodies, and how these in turn reflect gendered understandings of what constitutes science and an invention, and a scientist and an inventor. Revealing the inherent biases of the patent system, as well as its reliance on an idea of the public domain, the book argues that an egalitarian knowledge governance system must go beyond socialised binaries to better govern knowledge creation, dissemination and maintenance. This book will appeal to scholars and policymakers in the field of patent law, as well as those in law and other disciplines with interests in law, gender and technology.
Download or read book Little Miss Inventor written by Roger Hargreaves and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meet Little Miss Inventor, an ingenious new Little Miss character full of bright ideas! Little Miss Inventor is constantly inventing new things--her super-speedy reader page turner helps read books faster, and her back-pack-snack-attack fridge was a perfect match for her friend Mr. Greedy. But her greatest challenge yet has her stumped--what on earth could she invent for Mr. Rude?! Children will love learning about the newest Little Miss character and following her exciting adventures in this special, harcover title.
Download or read book Equality for Women and Men written by European Commission. Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities. Unit G.1 and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Contains all the Community legislative acts relating to gender equality, as well as other Community acts ... including recommendations, resolutions, communications, conclusions and other texts"-Foreword.
Download or read book Mother of Invention written by Katrine Marçal and published by Abrams. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An illuminating and maddening examination of how gender bias has skewed innovation, technology, and history—now in paperback It all starts with a rolling suitcase. Though the wheel was invented some 5,000 years ago, and the suitcase in the 19th century, it wasn’t until the 1970s that someone successfully married the two. What was the holdup? For writer and journalist Katrine Marçal, the answer is both shocking and simple: because “real men” carried their bags, no matter how heavy. Mother of Invention is a fascinating and eye-opening examination of business, technology, and innovation through a feminist lens. Because it wasn’t just the suitcase. Drawing on examples from electric cars to tech billionaires, Marçal shows how gender bias stifles the economy and holds us back, delaying innovations, sometimes by hundreds of years, and distorting our understanding of our history. While we talk about the Iron Age and the Bronze Age, we might as well talk about the Ceramic Age or the Flax Age, since these technologies were just as important. But inventions associated with women are not considered to be technology in the same way as those associated with men. Mother of Invention is a sweeping tour of the global economy with a powerful message: If we upend our biases, we can unleash our full potential.
Download or read book World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020 written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative report analyzes IP activity around the globe. Drawing on 2019 filing, registration and renewals statistics from national and regional IP offices and WIPO, it covers patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection and geographical indications. The report also draws on survey data and industry sources to give a picture of activity in the publishing industry.
Download or read book Gender Differences in Patenting in the Academic Life Sciences written by Waverly W. Ding and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze longitudinal data on academic careers and conduct interviews with faculty members to determine the scope and causes of the gender gap in patenting among life scientists over a 30-year period show that women faculty members patent at about 40 percent of the rate of men. We find that the gender gap has been improving over time, although it remains large.
Download or read book Closing the Gender Gap in Patenting written by Nicholas A. Pairolero and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women are underrepresented in patenting and the gap is not closing quickly. One major roadblock to progress is a dearth of causal evidence on the potential effectiveness of policies to reduce the gender gap in patenting. Analyzing a randomized control trial at the United States Patent and Trademark Office that was designed to provide additional help to applicants who do not have legal representation, we find heterogeneous causal impacts across gender and technologies on the probability of obtaining patent rights. While both men and women applicants benefited, the probability of obtaining a patent was about 11 percentage points greater for women, and the effects were largest for U.S. inventors, new U.S. inventors, and in technology areas where women had the worst relative outcomes. Our results suggest that a portion of the gender gap in patenting could be eliminated through additional assistance during patent examination.
Download or read book Identity Invention and the Culture of Personalized Medicine Patenting written by Shubha Ghosh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of developments in personalized medicine patenting and explores its normative implications to suggest policies to best regulate it.
Download or read book World Intellectual Property Indicators 2016 written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2016-11-23 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive picture of IP activity around the world based on statistics from national and regional IP offices, WIPO and the World Bank. Covers filing, registration and renewals data for patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms and plant variety protection. Also includes an analysis of participation by women inventors in international patenting.
Download or read book Brand Gender written by Theo Lieven and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores ways to drive and increase a brand’s most important property, its equity. Focussing on gender, the author analyses the impact of assigning personalities and characteristics to products and how this can affect the management of brands on a global scale. Using detailed examples, the author argues that brands with low masculine and feminine characteristics have the lowest equity, whilst brands with both high feminine and masculine characteristics are shown to have the strongest equity. Including notions of androgyny in brands, this significant study reveals the different factors which can affect a brand being perceived as either masculine or feminine. Aiming to develop a comprehensive theory and provide practitioners with a guide to increasing the equity of their brands, this controversial and pioneering book lays the foundation for creating a global brand personality model.
Download or read book Gender Difference in Innovation Recognition written by Zihao Li and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies gender inequality in the recognition of innovations. Using modern natural language processing on over 1.5 million patents between 1980 and 2015, we find significant gender differences in inventors' patent citations. Changing the gender structure of an inventor team from all-female to all-male increases the probability of omitting an all-female patent by roughly 15.6 percentage points. When we restrict the sample to citations added by patent examiners only, we find no gender difference. Exploring potential mechanisms, we find that the inventor gender gap does not vanish when citing and cited inventors become closer in collaboration network, when they work in the same firm, or when the cited inventors become more senior/prestigious, which are all evidence inconsistent with a pure statistical discrimination interpretation. Additionally, we observe large heterogeneity across different time periods and technological fields, but little heterogeneity across different firm tiers. Finally, we find suggestive evidence that racial disparity is also present in patent citations.
Download or read book Gender Diversity in Senior Positions and Firm Performance written by Lone Engbo Christiansen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-03-07 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the link between gender diversity in senior corporate positions and financial performance of 2 million companies in Europe. We document a positive association between corporate return on assets and the share of women in senior positions and establish two potential channels through which gender diversity may affect firm performance. The positive correlation is more pronounced in, first, sectors where women form a larger share of the labor force (such as the services sector) and, second, where complementarities in skills and critical thinking are in high demand (such as high-tech and knowledge-intensive sectors).
Download or read book IPR Gender Gaps written by Jussi Heikkilä and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study extends the analysis of the gender gap in patenting into design rights, utility model (UMs) and trademarks (TMs), which are complementary methods for protecting intellectual property. The analysis is descriptive and uses register data from the Finnish patent and registration office covering the years 1982-2013. A persistent gender gap is found for all intellectual property rights. The gap has narrowed over time for national patent, design right and TM filings but not for UM filings. It is found that, in comparison to men, women are relatively less often single inventors or designers and more often members of inventor or designer teams.
